<w lemma="%2Akai%5C">Καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="peirata%5Cs">πειρατὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpemyan">ἐξέπεμψαν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="perituxo%2Fntes">περιτυχόντες</w> <w lemma="ploi%2Fw%7C">πλοίῳ</w> <w lemma="basilikw%3D%7C">βασιλικῷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fas">Μακεδονίας</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aku%2Fqhra">Κύθηρα</w>, <w lemma="tou%3Dto%2F">τοῦτό</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twli%2Fan">Αἰτωλίαν</w> <w lemma="katagago%2Fntes">καταγαγόντες</w> <w lemma="au%29%2Ftandron">αὔτανδρον</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Fs">τούς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="nauklh%2Frous">ναυκλήρους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29piba%2Ftas">ἐπιβάτας</w>, <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="nau%3Dn">ναῦν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fdonto">ἀπέδοντο</w>. <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpei%2Frou">Ἠπείρου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parali%2Fan">παραλίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqoun">ἐπόρθουν</w>,
<w lemma="sugxrw%2Fmenoi">συγχρώμενοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fan">ἀδικίαν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akefallh%2Fnwn">Κεφαλλήνων</w> <w lemma="nausi%2Fn:">ναυσίν·</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Flonto">ἐπεβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29akarnani%2Fas">Ἀκαρνανίας</w> <w lemma="%2Aqu%2Frion">Θύριον</w> <w lemma="katalabe%2Fsqai">καταλαβέσθαι</w>.
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="la%2Fqra%7C">λάθρᾳ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsou">Πελοποννήσου</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmyantes">πέμψαντες</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fsh%7C">μέσῃ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amegalopolitw%3Dn">Μεγαλοπολιτῶν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fra%7C">χώρᾳ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsxon">κατέσχον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kalou%2Fmenon">καλούμενον</w> <w lemma="o%29xu%2Frwma">ὀχύρωμα</w> <w lemma="%2Akla%2Frion:">Κλάριον·</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="lafuropwlei%2Fw%7C">λαφυροπωλείῳ</w> <w lemma="xrhsa%2Fmenoi">χρησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="dih%3Dgon">διῆγον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%28rpaga%2Fs">ἁρπαγάς</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Atimo%2Fcenos">Τιμόξενος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="strathgo%2Fs">στρατηγός</w>, <w lemma="paralabw%5Cn">παραλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="%2Atauri%2Fwna">Ταυρίωνα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsw%7C">Πελοποννήσῳ</w> <w lemma="basilikw%3Dn">βασιλικῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antigo%2Fnou">Ἀντιγόνου</w> <w lemma="kataleleimme%2Fnon">καταλελειμμένον</w>, <w lemma="e%29cepolio%2Frkhse">ἐξεπολιόρκησε</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgais">ὀλίγαις</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais">ἡμέραις</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgonos">Ἀντίγονος</w> <w lemma="%2Ako%2Frinqon">Κόρινθον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="sugxw%2Frhma">συγχώρημα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akleomenikou%5Cs">Κλεομενικοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%2Fs">καιρούς</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29orxomeno%5Cn">Ὀρχομενὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w> <w lemma="e%28lw%5Cn">ἑλὼν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29pokate%2Fsthse">ἀποκατέστησε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%3Ds">Ἀχαιοῖς</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="sfeterisa%2Fmenos">σφετερισάμενος</w> <w lemma="katei%3Dxe">κατεῖχε</w>, <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w>,
<w lemma="w%28%2Fs">ὥς</w> <w lemma="g%27">γ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29moi%5C">ἐμοὶ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w>, <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29so%2Fdou">εἰσόδου</w> <w lemma="kurieu%2Fein">κυριεύειν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Apelopo%2Fnnhson">Πελοπόννησον</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="meso%2Fgaian">μεσόγαιαν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="parafula%2Fttein">παραφυλάττειν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29orxomenw%3D%7C">Ὀρχομενῷ</w> <w lemma="froura%3Ds">φρουρᾶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%3Ds">παρασκευῆς</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Adwri%2Fmaxon">Δωρίμαχον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asko%2Fpan">Σκόπαν</w> <w lemma="parathrh%2Fsantes">παρατηρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%2Fn">καιρόν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cs">λοιπὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="%2Atimoce%2Fnw%7C">Τιμοξένῳ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgos">ὀλίγος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnos">χρόνος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faratos">Ἄρατος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kaqi%2Fstato">καθίστατο</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29niauto%5Cn">ἐνιαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pio%2Fnta">ἐπιόντα</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Fpw">οὔπω</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmelle">ἔμελλε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fcein">ἕξειν</w>,
<w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fsantes">συναθροίσαντες</w> <w lemma="pandhmei%5C">πανδημεὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ri%2Fon">Ῥίον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraskeuasa%2Fmenoi">παρασκευασάμενοι</w> <w lemma="porqmei%3Da">πορθμεῖα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akefallh%2Fnwn">Κεφαλλήνων</w> <w lemma="e%28toima%2Fsantes">ἑτοιμάσαντες</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w>, <w lemma="diebi%2Fbasan">διεβίβασαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Apelopo%2Fnnhson">Πελοπόννησον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dgon">προῆγον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fan">Μεσσηνίαν</w>.
<w lemma="poiou%2Fmenoi">ποιούμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Apatre%2Fwn">Πατρέων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afaraie%2Fwn">Φαραιέων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atritaie%2Fwn">Τριταιέων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="u%28pekri%2Fnonto">ὑπεκρίνοντο</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="bou%2Flesqai">βούλεσθαι</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkhma">ἀδίκημα</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%2Fs">Ἀχαιούς</w>,
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="duname%2Fnou">δυναμένου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxesqai">ἀπέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="w%29felei%2Fas">ὠφελείας</w> <w lemma="a%29krasi%2Fan">ἀκρασίαν</w>, <w lemma="kakopoiou%3Dntes">κακοποιοῦντες</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lumaino%2Fmenoi">λυμαινόμενοι</w> <w lemma="dih%2F%7Cesan">διῄεσαν</w>, <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="paregenh%2Fqhsan">παρεγενήθησαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Afiga%2Fleian">Φιγάλειαν</w>.
<w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenoi">ποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29nteu%3Dqen">ἐντεῦθεν</w> <w lemma="ai%29fnidi%2Fws">αἰφνιδίως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qrase%2Fws">θρασέως</w>, <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fbalon">ἐνέβαλον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fwn">Μεσσηνίων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28parxou%2Fshs">ὑπαρχούσης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="palaiw%3Dn">παλαιῶν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnwn">χρόνων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fous">Μεσσηνίους</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fas">φιλίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fas">συμμαχίας</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ntinou%3Dn">ἡντινοῦν</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenoi">ποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fnoian">πρόνοιαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="koino%5Cn">κοινὸν</w> <w lemma="w%28risme%2Fnwn">ὡρισμένων</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fwn">δικαίων</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois">ἀνθρώποις</w>.
<w lemma="a%28%2Fpanta">ἅπαντα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttoni">ἐλάττονι</w> <w lemma="qe%2Fmenoi">θέμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="pleoneci%2Fas">πλεονεξίας</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqoun">ἐπόρθουν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="tolmw%2Fntwn">τολμώντων</w> <w lemma="e%29pecie%2Fnai">ἐπεξιέναι</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fwn">Μεσσηνίων</w>.
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<head>Acts of Hostility Against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>, Epirus, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Acarnania&groupId=270&placeId=527">Acarnania</a>.</head>By sea they immediately sent out privateers, who, falling in with a royal vessel of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> near <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cythera&groupId=523&placeId=989">Cythera</a>, brought it with all its crew to Aetolia, and sold ship-owners, sailors, and marines, and finally the ship itself. Then they began sacking the seaboard of Epirus, employing the aid of some Cephallenian ships for carrying out this act of violence. They tried also to capture Thyrium in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Acarnania&groupId=270&placeId=527">Acarnania</a>. At the same time they secretly-sent some men to seize a strong place called <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Clarium&groupId=474&placeId=886">Clarium</a>, in the centre of the territory of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megalopolis&groupId=745&placeId=1360">Megalopolis</a>; which they used thenceforth as a place of sale for their spoils, and a starting-place for their marauding expeditions. However Timoxenus, the Achaean Strategus, with the assistance of Taurion, who had been left by Antigonus in charge of the Macedonian interests in the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, took the place after a siege of a very few days. For Antigonus retained <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corinth&groupId=493&placeId=928">Corinth</a>, in accordance with his convention with the Achaeans, made at the time of the Cleomenic war;<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note13">See<ref target="b2c53" targOrder="U">2, 53</ref>.</note>and had never restored <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Orchomenus&groupId=814&placeId=1470">Orchomenus</a> to the Achaeans after he had taken it by force, but claimed and retained it in his own hands; with the view, as I suppose, not only of commanding the entrance of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, but of guarding also its interior by means of his garrison and warlike apparatus in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Orchomenus&groupId=814&placeId=1470">Orchomenus</a>.Dorimachus and Scopas waited until Timoxenus had a very short time of office left, and when Aratus, though elected by the Achaeans for the coming year, would not yet be in office;<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note14">The Achaean Strategus was elected in the middle of May, the Aetolian in the autumn. Aratus would be elected May 12, B. C. 220, and come into office some time before midsummer; <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ariston&groupId=365&placeId=695">Ariston</a>'s Aetolian office would terminate in September B. C. 220. See<ref target="b5c1" targOrder="U">v. 1</ref>.</note>and then collecting a general levy of Aetolians at<pb n="282" />Rhium, and preparing means of transport, with some Cephallenian ships ready to convoy them, they got<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note15">Before midsummer B. C. 220. Invasion of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Messenia&groupId=760&placeId=1380">Messenia</a> by Dorimachus and Scopas.</note>their men across to the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, and led them against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Messenia&groupId=760&placeId=1380">Messenia</a>. While marching through the territories of Patrae, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharae&groupId=878&placeId=1582">Pharae</a>, and Tritaea they pretended that they did not wish to do any injury to the Achaeans; but their forces, from their inveterate passion for plunder, could not be restrained from robbing the country; and consequently they committed outrages and acts of violence all along their line of march, till they arrived at Phigalea. Thence, by a bold and sudden movement, they entered <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Messenia&groupId=760&placeId=1380">Messenia</a>; and without any regard for their ancient friendship and alliance with the Messenians, or for the principles of international justice common to all mankind, subordinating every consideration to their selfish greed, they set about plundering the country without resistance, the Messenians being absolutely afraid to come out to attack them.
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Walbank Commentary