Polybius, Histories

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Book 4 - Chapter 37

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<w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftw%7C">Ἀράτῳ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="lh%2Fgein">λήγειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faraton">Ἄρατον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ui%28o%5Cn">υἱὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kaqestame%2Fnon">καθεσταμένον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="paralamba%2Fnein">παραλαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="strathgi%2Fan">στρατηγίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29strath%2Fgei">ἐστρατήγει</w> <w lemma="%2Asko%2Fpas:">Σκόπας·</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnos">χρόνος</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="pws">πως</w> <w lemma="dih%2F%7Crhto:">διῄρητο·</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxairesi%2Fas">ἀρχαιρεσίας</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%5C">Αἰτωλοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Foun">ἐποίουν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fqinopwrinh%5Cn">φθινοπωρινὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29shmeri%2Fan">ἰσημερίαν</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%5C">Ἀχαιοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Apleia%2Fdos">Πλειάδος</w> <w lemma="e%29pitolh%2Fn">ἐπιτολήν</w>.
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<w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qerei%2Fas">θερείας</w> <w lemma="e%29nistame%2Fnhs">ἐνισταμένης</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meteilhfo%2Ftos">μετειληφότος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftou">Ἀράτου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="newte%2Frou">νεωτέρου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="strathgi%2Fan">στρατηγίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fmbane">ἐλάμβανε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%2Fs">ἀρχάς</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29nexei%2Frei">ἐνεχείρει</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="%2Aza%2Fkanqan">Ζάκανθαν</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleu%2Fkion">Λεύκιον</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29mi%2Flion">Αἰμίλιον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fda">Ἰλλυρίδα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fstellon">ἐξαπέστελλον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmh%2Ftrion">Δημήτριον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Afa%2Frion:">Φάριον·</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="prote%2Fra%7C">προτέρᾳ</w> <w lemma="bu%2Fblw%7C">βύβλῳ</w> <w lemma="dedhlw%2Fkamen">δεδηλώκαμεν</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxos">Ἀντίοχος</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w>, <w lemma="%2Aptolemai+%2Fda">Πτολεμαΐδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atu%2Fron">Τύρον</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fntos">παραδόντος</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqeodo%2Ftou">Θεοδότου</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akoi%2Flhn">Κοίλην</w> <w lemma="%2Asuri%2Fan">Συρίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeirei%3Dn">ἐγχειρεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Flleto:">ἐπεβάλλετο·</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxon">Ἀντίοχον</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Alukou%3Drgos">Λυκοῦργος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fwn">ὁμοίων</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxesqai">ἄρχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnei">Κλεομένει</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amegalopolitw%3Dn">Μεγαλοπολιτῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqh%2Fnaion">Ἀθήναιον</w> <w lemma="e%29polio%2Frkei">ἐπολιόρκει</w> <w lemma="prosestratopedeukw%2Fs">προσεστρατοπεδευκώς</w>. <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%5C">Ἀχαιοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frous">μισθοφόρους</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fqroizon">ἥθροιζον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="periestw%3Dta">περιεστῶτα</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon:">πόλεμον·</w>
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<w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fas">Μακεδονίας</w> <w lemma="e%29ki%2Fnei">ἐκίνει</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="falaggi%2Ftas">φαλαγγίτας</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w>, <w lemma="peltasta%5Cs">πελταστὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pentakisxili%2Fous">πεντακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29ktakosi%2Fous">ὀκτακοσίους</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Atau%3Dta">Ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpant%27">ἅπαντ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftais">τοιαύταις</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolai%3Ds">ἐπιβολαῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraskeuai%3Ds">παρασκευαῖς</w>. <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fnegkan">ἐξήνεγκαν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ro%2Fdioi">Ῥόδιοι</w> <w lemma="%2Abuzanti%2Fois">Βυζαντίοις</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w>
<head>Universal War</head>The year of Aratus's office was just expiring, and his<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note83">Aratus succeeded by his son as Strategus of the Achaeans, May B.C. 219.</note>son Aratus the younger had been elected to succeed him as Strategus, and was on the point of taking over the office. Scopas was still Strategus of the Aetolians, and in fact it was just about the middle of his year. For the Aetolians hold their elections immediately after the autumn equinox, while the Achaeans hold theirs about the time of the rising of the Pleiads. As soon therefore as summer had<pb n="313" />well set in, and Aratus the younger had taken over his office, all these wars at once began simultaneously.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note84">June—September, B.C. 219.</note>Hannibal began besieging <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Saguntum&groupId=938&placeId=1673">Saguntum</a>; the Romans sent Lucius Aemilius with an army to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a> against Demetrius of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a>,—of both which I spoke in the last book; Antiochus, having had <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ptolemais&groupId=918&placeId=271">Ptolemais</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tyre&groupId=1053&placeId=1855">Tyre</a> betrayed to him by Theodotus, meditated attacking <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coele-Syria&groupId=484&placeId=908">Coele-Syria</a>; and Ptolemy was engaged in preparing for the war with Antiochus. While Lycurgus, wishing to make a beginning after the pattern of Cleomenes, pitched his camp near the Athenaeum of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megalopolis&groupId=745&placeId=1360">Megalopolis</a> and was laying siege to it: the Achaeans were collecting mercenary horse and foot for the war which was upon them: and Philip, finally, was starting from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> with an army consisting of ten thousand heavy-armed soldiers of the phalanx, five thousand light-armed, and eight hundred cavalry. Such was the universal state of war or preparation for war.