<head lang="la">III. Bellum Achaicum</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="paragenome%2Fnwn">παραγενομένων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsou">Πελοποννήσου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aau%29rh%2Flion">Αὐρήλιον</w> <w lemma="presbeutw%3Dn">πρεσβευτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diasafou%2Fntwn">διασαφούντων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sumbebhko%2Fta">συμβεβηκότα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>,
<w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgon">ὀλίγον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flois">ὅλοις</w> <w lemma="e%29kindu%2Fneusan">ἐκινδύνευσαν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fntwn">λεγόντων</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29ch%2Fsews">αὐξήσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kainologi%2Fas:">καινολογίας·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="peripe%2Fteian">περιπέτειαν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkontos">ἥκοντος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="deinou%3D">δεινοῦ</w> <w lemma="diesa%2Ffoun">διεσάφουν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="w%28rmhko%2Ftwn">ὡρμηκότων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paradeigmati%2Fzein">παραδειγματίζειν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs:">αὐτούς·</w>
<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w> <w lemma="h%29gana%2Fkthsen">ἠγανάκτησεν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fsin">γεγονόσιν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="katesth%2Fsato">κατεστήσατο</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29iou%2Flion">Ἰούλιον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpempe">ἔπεμπε</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dsa">δοῦσα</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="e%29ntola%2Fs">ἐντολάς</w>,
<w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="metri%2Fws">μετρίως</w> <w lemma="e%29pitimh%2Fsantas">ἐπιτιμήσαντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="memyame%2Fnous">μεμψαμένους</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fsi">γεγονόσι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="parakalei%3Dn">παρακαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dida%2Fskein">διδάσκειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="xei%2Frista">χείριστα</w> <w lemma="parakalou%3Dsi">παρακαλοῦσι</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fxein">προσέχειν</w> <w lemma="mh%2Ft%27">μήτ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="laqei%3Dn">λαθεῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="a%29llotrio%2Fthta">ἀλλοτριότητα</w> <w lemma="diempeso%2Fntas">διεμπεσόντας</w>,
<w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai%2F">ποιήσασθαί</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="dio%2Frqwsin">διόρθωσιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29gnohme%2Fnwn">ἠγνοημένων</w>, <w lemma="a%29pereisame%2Fnous">ἀπερεισαμένους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgnoian">ἄγνοιαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fous">αἰτίους</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%28marti%2Fas">ἁμαρτίας</w>.
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="li%2Fan">λίαν</w> <w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aau%29rh%2Flion">Αὐρήλιον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdwke">ἔδωκε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29ntola%5Cs">ἐντολὰς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="diaspa%2Fsai">διασπάσαι</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnh">βουλομένη</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnos">ἔθνος</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="ptoh%3Dsai">πτοῆσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kataplh%2Fcasqai">καταπλήξασθαι</w> [<w lemma="boulome%2Fnh">βουλομένη</w>] <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29qa%2Fdeian">αὐθάδειαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxqeian">ἀπέχθειαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w>.
<w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="u%28pela%2Fmbanon">ὑπελάμβανον</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fkrisin">ὑπόκρισιν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnein">μένειν</w> <w lemma="a%29telh%3D">ἀτελῆ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna:">Καρχηδόνα·</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqe%5Cs">ἀληθὲς</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxen">εἶχεν</w>,
<w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29podedegme%2Fnoi">ἀποδεδεγμένοι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnos">ἔθνος</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="pollou%3D">πολλοῦ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnou">χρόνου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fzontes">νομίζοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5C">αὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="pisto%5Cn">πιστὸν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellhnikw%3Dn">Ἑλληνικῶν</w>, <w lemma="a%29nasobh%3Dsai">ἀνασοβῆσαι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrinan">ἔκριναν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="fronhmati%2Fzesqai">φρονηματίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fra">πέρα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fontos">δέοντος</w>, <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nalabei%3Dn">ἀναλαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="diafora%5Cn">διαφορὰν</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerh%3D">ὁλοσχερῆ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29bou%2Flonto">ἐβούλοντο</w>. —
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<head>Foolish Policy In Achaia</head>But the finishing stroke to this ruinous policy was given<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note24">Conference at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a>. Critolaus</note>in the following manner. When Sextus and his colleagues arrived at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a>, and invited the<pb n="523" />attendance of the Lacedaemonians, in order to arrange terms between them and the Achaeans, both as to the satisfaction to be given for previous complaints and for putting a stop to the war, until the Romans should send commissioners to review the whole question, Critolaus and his party, having held a conference, decided that all the rest should avoid the meeting, and that Critolaus should go alone to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a>.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note25">contrives to avoid a settlement</note>When Sextus and his fellow-commissioners therefore had almost given them up, Critolaus arrived; and when the meeting with the Lacedaemonians took place, he would settle nothing,—alleging that he had no authority to make any arrangement without the consent of the people at large; but that he would bring the matter before the Achaeans at their next congress, which must be held six months from that time. Sextus and his fellow-commissioners, therefore, convinced of the ill disposition of Critolaus, and much annoyed at his conduct, dismissed the Lacedaemonians to their own country, and themselves returned to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> with strong views as to the folly and infatuation of Critolaus.After their departure Critolaus spent the winter in visiting<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note26">Winter of B. C. 147-146. Critolaus propagates his anti-Roman views.;</note>the cities and holding assemblies in them, on the pretext that he wished to inform them what he had said to the Lacedaemonians at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a>, but in reality to denounce the Romans and to put an evil interpretation on everything they said; by which means he inspired the common people in the various cities with feelings of hostility and hatred for them.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note27">and suspends cash payments.</note>At the same time he sent round orders to the magistrates not to exact money from debtors, nor to receive prisoners arrested for debt, and to cause loans on pledge to be held over until the war was decided. By this kind of appeal to the interests of the vulgar everything he said was received with confidence; and the common people were ready to obey any order he gave, being incapable of taking thought for the future, but caught by the bait of immediate indulgence and relief.
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Walbank Commentary