<head lang="la">II. De Ulixis Navigatione, Prope Siciliam Praesertim</head><w lemma="%2A%29ek">Ἐκ</w> <w lemma="mhdeno%5Cs">μηδενὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqou%3Ds">ἀληθοῦς</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fptein">ἀνάπτειν</w> <w lemma="kenh%5Cn">κενὴν</w> <w lemma="teratologi%2Fan">τερατολογίαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28omhriko%2Fn">Ὁμηρικόν</w>.
<w lemma="prospi%2Fptei">προσπίπτει</w> <w lemma="ga%2Fr">γάρ</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Fs">εἰκός</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="piqanw%2Fteron">πιθανώτερον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftw">οὕτω</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="yeu%2Fdoito">ψεύδοιτο</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="katami%2Fsgoi">καταμίσγοι</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinw%3Dn:">ἀληθινῶν·</w>
<w lemma="o%28%2Fper">ὅπερ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Apolu%2Fbio%2Fs">Πολύβιός</w> <w lemma="fhsi">φησι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29odusse%2Fws">Ὀδυσσέως</w> <w lemma="pla%2Fnhs">πλάνης</w> <w lemma="e%29pixeirw%3Dn">ἐπιχειρῶν</w>. —
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Akai%5C">Καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Apolu%2Fbios">Πολύβιος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29rqw%3Ds">ὀρθῶς</w> <w lemma="u%28ponoei%3D">ὑπονοεῖ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pla%2Fnhs">πλάνης</w>.
<w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Folon">Αἴολον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="proshmai%2Fnonta">προσημαίνοντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkplous">ἔκπλους</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="porqmo%5Cn">πορθμὸν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpois">τόποις</w> <w lemma="a%29mfidro%2Fmois">ἀμφιδρόμοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dsi">οὖσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="duse%2Fkplois">δυσέκπλοις</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="palirroi%2Fas">παλιρροίας</w> <w lemma="tami%2Fan">ταμίαν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%3Dsqai">εἰρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fmwn">ἀνέμων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="nenomi%2Fsqai">νενομίσθαι</w> <w lemma="fhsi%2F">φησί</w>,
<w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="%2Adanao%5Cn">Δαναὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="u%28drei%3Da">ὑδρεῖα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fargei">Ἄργει</w> <w lemma="paradei%2Fcanta">παραδείξαντα</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29atre%2Fa">Ἀτρέα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="h%28li%2Fou">ἡλίου</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fon">ὑπεναντίον</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="ou%29ranw%3D%7C">οὐρανῷ</w> <w lemma="dro%2Fmon">δρόμον</w>, <w lemma="ma%2Fnteis">μάντεις</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="i%28eroskopoume%2Fnous">ἱεροσκοπουμένους</w> <w lemma="a%29podei%2Fknusqai">ἀποδείκνυσθαι</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fas:">βασιλέας·</w>
<w lemma="tou%2Fs">τούς</w> <w lemma="q%27">θ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ere%2Fas">ἱερέας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29gupti%2Fwn">Αἰγυπτίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Axaldai%2Fous">Χαλδαίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fgous">Μάγους</w> <w lemma="sofi%2Fa%7C">σοφίᾳ</w> <w lemma="tini%5C">τινὶ</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Frontas">διαφέροντας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fas">ἡγεμονίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="timh%3Ds">τιμῆς</w> <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnein">τυγχάνειν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="h%28mw%3Dn">ἡμῶν</w>.
<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftw">οὕτω</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="qew%3Dn">θεῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fna">ἕνα</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xrhsi%2Fmwn">χρησίμων</w> <w lemma="tino%5Cs">τινὸς</w> <w lemma="eu%28reth%5Cn">εὑρετὴν</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenon">γενόμενον</w> <w lemma="tima%3Dsqai">τιμᾶσθαι</w>.
<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prooikonomhsa%2Fmenos">προοικονομησάμενος</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29a%3D%7C">ἐᾷ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Folon">Αἴολον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="mu%2Fqou">μύθου</w> <w lemma="sxh%2Fmati">σχήματι</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fesqai">ἀκούεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29odusse%2Fws">Ὀδυσσέως</w> <w lemma="pla%2Fnhn">πλάνην</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="mikra%5C">μικρὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prosmemuqeu%3Dsqai">προσμεμυθεῦσθαι</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29iliakw%3D%7C">Ἰλιακῷ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w>,
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fan">Σικελίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="poihth%3D%7C">ποιητῇ</w> <w lemma="pepoih%3Dsqai">πεποιῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="suggrafeu%3Dsin">συγγραφεῦσιν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsoi">ὅσοι</w> <w lemma="ta%29pixw%2Fria">τἀπιχώρια</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgousi">λέγουσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fan">Σικελίαν</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29painei%3D">ἐπαινεῖ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29eratosqe%2Fnous">Ἐρατοσθένους</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Ffasin">ἀπόφασιν</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="fhsi%5C">φησὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Ft%27">τότ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%28rei%3Dn">εὑρεῖν</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="pou%3D">ποῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29odusseu%5Cs">Ὀδυσσεὺς</w> <w lemma="pepla%2Fnhtai">πεπλάνηται</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="eu%28%2Frh%7C">εὕρῃ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="skute%2Fa">σκυτέα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="surra%2Fyanta">συρράψαντα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fmwn">ἀνέμων</w> <w lemma="a%29sko%2Fn">ἀσκόν</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fws">οἰκείως</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%3Dsqai">εἰρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnousi">συμβαίνουσι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Asku%2Fllaion">Σκύλλαιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="qh%2Fran">θήραν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="galewtw%3Dn">γαλεωτῶν</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Asku%2Fllhs">Σκύλλης</w>, <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29xqua%2Fa%7C">ἰχθυάᾳ</w>,
<w lemma="sko%2Fpelon">σκόπελον</w> <w lemma="perimaimw%2Fwsa">περιμαιμώωσα</w>, <w lemma="delfi%3Dna%2Fs">δελφῖνάς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ku%2Fnas">κύνας</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="poqi">ποθι</w> <w lemma="mei%3Dzon">μεῖζον</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Flh%7Csi">ἕλῃσι</w> <w lemma="kh%3Dtos">κῆτος</w>.
<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="qu%2Fnnous">θύννους</w> <w lemma="a%29gelhdo%5Cn">ἀγεληδὸν</w> <w lemma="ferome%2Fnous">φερομένους</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29peida%5Cn">ἐπειδὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29kpe%2Fswsi">ἐκπέσωσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kwluqw%3Dsi">κωλυθῶσι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fyasqai">ἅψασθαι</w>, <w lemma="peripi%2Fptein">περιπίπτειν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fzosi">μείζοσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="zw%2F%7Cwn">ζῴων</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="delfi%2Fnwn">δελφίνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kunw%3Dn">κυνῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="khtwdw%3Dn">κητωδῶν</w>,
<w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qh%2Fras">θήρας</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="piai%2Fnesqai">πιαίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="galew%2Ftas">γαλεώτας</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="cifi%2Fas">ξιφίας</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgesqai">λέγεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ku%2Fnas">κύνας</w> <w lemma="fhsi%2F">φησί</w>.
<w lemma="sumbai%2Fnein">συμβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tau%29to%5Cn">ταὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29nqa%2Fde">ἐνθάδε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29naba%2Fseis">ἀναβάσεις</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Anei%2Flou">Νείλου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="u%28da%2Ftwn">ὑδάτων</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fper">ὅπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="puro%5Cs">πυρὸς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Flhs">ὕλης</w> <w lemma="e%29mpiprame%2Fnhs:">ἐμπιπραμένης·</w> <w lemma="a%28qroizo%2Fmena">ἁθροιζόμενα</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fa">θηρία</w> <w lemma="feu%2Fgein">φεύγειν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pu%3Dr">πῦρ</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fdwr">ὕδωρ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bora%5Cn">βορὰν</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="krei%2Fttosi">κρείττοσι</w>.
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<head>Fishing Near Scylla</head>It is not Homer's manner to indulge in mere mythological<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note2">Homer true to nature.</note>stories founded on no substratum of truth. For there is no surer way of giving an air of verisimilitude to fiction than to mix with it some particles of truth. And this is the case with the tale of the wanderings of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Odysseus&groupId=801&placeId=1446">Odysseus</a>. . . .For instance, Aeolus, who taught the way of getting through the straits, where there are currents setting both ways, and the passage is rendered difficult by the indraught of the sea, came to be called and regarded as the dispenser and king of the winds; just as Danaus, again, who discovered the storages of water in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Argos&groupId=361&placeId=689">Argos</a>, and Atreus, who discovered the fact of the sun's revolution being in the opposite direction to that of the heaven, were called seers and priest-kings. So the priests of the Egyptians, the Chaldeans, and the Magi, being superior to the rest of the world in wisdom, obtained rule and honour in former generations. And on this principle, too, each one of the gods is honoured as the inventor of something useful to man. I do not allow therefore that Aeolus is wholly mythical, nor the wanderings of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Odysseus&groupId=801&placeId=1446">Odysseus</a> generally. Some mythical elements have been undoubtedly added, as they have in the War or<pb n="481" />Ilium; but the general account of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> given by the poet agrees with that of other historians who have given topographical details of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>. I cannot agree therefore with the remark of Eratosthenes that "we shall discover where <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Odysseus&groupId=801&placeId=1446">Odysseus</a> wandered, when we find the cobbler who sewed up the leather bag of the winds." See for instance how Homer's description of Scylla agrees with what really happens at the Scyllaean rock, and the taking of the sword fish:<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note3"><bibl n="Hom. Od. 12.95" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Odyss.</title>12, 95</bibl>.</note><quote><l>"And there she fishes, roaming round the rock,</l><l>For dog-fish and for dolphins, or what else</l><l>Of huger she may take that swims the sea."</l></quote>For the fact is that tunnies swimming in great shoals along the Italian coast, if they are drifted from their course and are prevented from reaching <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, fall a prey to the larger fish, such as dolphins, dog-fish, or other marine monsters; and from hunting these the sword-fish (called also xiphiae, or sometimes sea-dogs) are fattened. The same thing happens at a rise of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Nile&groupId=794&placeId=449">Nile</a>, and other rivers, as in the case of a fire or a burning forest; the animals crowd together, and, in their effort to escape the fire or the water, fall a prey to stronger animals.
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Walbank Commentary