<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ateberi%2Fou">Τεβερίου</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w>. <w lemma="pa%2Flai">πάλαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunewrakw%5Cs">συνεωρακὼς</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdwn">στρατοπέδων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fpedon">ἐπίπεδον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="yilo%2Fn">ψιλόν</w>, <w lemma="eu%29fuh%3D">εὐφυῆ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fdran">ἐνέδραν</w> <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="r%28ei%3Dqron">ῥεῖθρον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxon">ἔχον</w> <w lemma="o%29fru%3Dn">ὀφρῦν</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="a%29ka%2Fnqas">ἀκάνθας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Ftous">βάτους</w> <w lemma="sunexei%3Ds">συνεχεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pipefuko%2Ftas">ἐπιπεφυκότας</w>, <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="strathgei%3Dn">στρατηγεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29%2Fmellen">ἔμελλεν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29xerw%3Ds">εὐχερῶς</w> <w lemma="lh%2Fsein:">λήσειν·</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28lw%2Fdeis">ὑλώδεις</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fptws">ὑπόπτως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon">εἶχον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%5Cs">Κελτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="tiqe%2Fnai">τιθέναι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fdras">ἐνέδρας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftois">τοιούτοις</w> <w lemma="xwri%2Fois">χωρίοις</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdois">ἐπιπέδοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="yiloi%3Ds">ψιλοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29pepi%2Fsteuon">ἀπεπίστευον</w>,
<w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="ei%29do%2Ftes">εἰδότες</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="laqei%3Dn">λαθεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="paqei%3Dn">παθεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29nedreu%2Fsantas">ἐνεδρεύσαντας</w> <w lemma="eu%29fue%2Fsteroi">εὐφυέστεροι</w> <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnousin">τυγχάνουσιν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28lwdw%3Dn">ὑλωδῶν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnasqai">δύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="pollou%3D">πολλοῦ</w> <w lemma="proora%3Dn">προορᾶν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29nedreu%2Fontas">ἐνεδρεύοντας</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29piprosqh%2Fseis">ἐπιπροσθήσεις</w> <w lemma="i%28kana%5Cs">ἱκανὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstois">πλείστοις</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpois">τόποις</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tuxo%5Cn">τυχὸν</w> <w lemma="r%28ei%3Dqron">ῥεῖθρον</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="braxei%2Fas">βραχείας</w> <w lemma="o%29fru%2Fos">ὀφρύος</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ka%2Flamoi">κάλαμοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pte%2Freis">πτέρεις</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="a%29kanqw%3Dn">ἀκανθῶν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29ni%2Fote">ἐνίοτε</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnatai">δύναται</w> <w lemma="kru%2Fptein">κρύπτειν</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="braxe%2Fa">βραχέα</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="pronohqh%3D%7C">προνοηθῇ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fshma">ἐπίσημα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fptia">ὕπτια</w> <w lemma="tiqe%2Fnai">τιθέναι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="gh%3Dn">γῆν</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="perikefalai%2Fas">περικεφαλαίας</w> <w lemma="u%28potiqe%2Fnai">ὑποτιθέναι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplois">ὅπλοις</w>.
<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2F">ὅ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="koinologhqei%5Cs">κοινολογηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fgwni">Μάγωνι</w> <w lemma="ta%29delfw%3D%7C">τἀδελφῷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fdrois">συνέδροις</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllontos">μέλλοντος</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dnos">ἀγῶνος</w>, <w lemma="sugkatatiqeme%2Fnwn">συγκατατιθεμένων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolai%3Ds">ἐπιβολαῖς</w>,
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="deipnopoih%2Fsasqai">δειπνοποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w> <w lemma="a%29nakalesa%2Fmenos">ἀνακαλεσάμενος</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fgwna">Μάγωνα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29delfo%2Fn">ἀδελφόν</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fon">νέον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%3Ds">ὁρμῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Frh">πλήρη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paidomaqh%3D">παιδομαθῆ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="polemika%2F">πολεμικά</w>, <w lemma="sune%2Fsthse">συνέστησε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="e%28kato%5Cn">ἑκατὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fsous">ἴσους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flou">ὅλου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdou">στρατοπέδου</w> <w lemma="shmhna%2Fmenos">σημηνάμενος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29rwstota%2Ftous">εὐρωστοτάτους</w> <w lemma="parhgge%2Flkei">παρηγγέλκει</w> <w lemma="deipnopoihsame%2Fnous">δειπνοποιησαμένους</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkein">ἥκειν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="skhnh%2Fn">σκηνήν</w>.
<w lemma="parakale%2Fsas">παρακαλέσας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parasth%2Fsas">παραστήσας</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fpousan">πρέπουσαν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggelle">παρήγγελλε</w> <w lemma="de%2Fka">δέκα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrwdesta%2Ftous">ἀνδρωδεστάτους</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="e%29pileca%2Fmenon">ἐπιλεξάμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcewn">τάξεων</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkein">ἥκειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fs">εἴς</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="takto%5Cn">τακτὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="stratopedei%2Fas">στρατοπεδείας</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="praca%2Fntwn">πραξάντων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="suntaxqe%2Fn">συνταχθέν</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="tosou%2Ftous">τοσούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="nukto%5Cs">νυκτὸς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fdran">ἐνέδραν</w>, <w lemma="susth%2Fsas">συστήσας</w> <w lemma="o%28dhgou%5Cs">ὁδηγοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%29delfw%3D%7C">τἀδελφῷ</w> <w lemma="diataca%2Fmenos">διαταξάμενος</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29piqe%2Fsews:">ἐπιθέσεως·</w>
<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Anomadikou%5Cs">Νομαδικοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="sunagagw%2Fn">συναγαγών</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="fereka%2Fkous">φερεκάκους</w> <w lemma="diafero%2Fntws">διαφερόντως</w>, <w lemma="pareka%2Flese">παρεκάλεσε</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="dwrea%5Cs">δωρεὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29paggeila%2Fmenos">ἐπαγγειλάμενος</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndragaqh%2Fsasi">ἀνδραγαθήσασι</w> <w lemma="prose%2Ftace">προσέταξε</w> <w lemma="pela%2Fsantas">πελάσαντας</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fwn">ἐναντίων</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraki">χάρακι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="spoudh%5Cn">σπουδὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pidiabai%2Fnein">ἐπιδιαβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosakrobolizome%2Fnous">προσακροβολιζομένους</w> <w lemma="kinei%3Dn">κινεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w>, <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29nari%2Fstous">ἀναρίστους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllon">μέλλον</w> <w lemma="a%29paraskeu%2Fous">ἀπαρασκεύους</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w>.
<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipou%5Cs">λοιποὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnas">ἡγεμόνας</w> <w lemma="a%28qroi%2Fsas">ἁθροίσας</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flese">παρεκάλεσε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29ristopoiei%3Dsqai">ἀριστοποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppwn">ἵππων</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="qerapei%2Fan">θεραπείαν</w>.
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<head>Hannibal Prepares An Ambush</head>Now he had some time before remarked a certain<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note113">Hannibal prepares an ambuscade.</note>piece of ground which was flat and treeless, and yet well suited for an ambush, because there was a stream in it with a high overhanging bank thickly covered with thorns and brambles. Here he determined to entrap the enemy. The place was admirably adapted for putting them off their guard; because the Romans were always suspicious of woods, from the fact of the Celts invariably choosing such places for their ambuscades, but felt no fear at all of places that were level and without trees: not knowing that for the concealment and safety of an ambush such places are much better than woods; because the men can command from them a distant view of all that is going on: while nearly all places have sufficient cover to make concealment possible,—a stream with an overhanging bank, reeds, or ferns, or some sort of bramble-bushes,—which are good enough to hide not infantry only, but sometimes even cavalry, if the simple precaution is taken of laying conspicuous<pb n="231" />arms flat upon the ground and hiding helmets under shields. Hannibal had confided his idea to his brother Mago and to his council, who had all approved of the plan. Accordingly, when the army had supped, he summoned this young man to his tent, who was full of youthful enthusiasm, and had been trained from boyhood in the art of war, and put under his command a hundred cavalry and the same number of infantry. These men he had himself earlier in the day selected as the most powerful of the whole army, and had ordered to come to his tent after supper. Having addressed and inspired them with the spirit suitable to the occasion, he bade each of them select ten of the bravest men of their own company, and to come with them to a particular spot in the camp. The order having been obeyed, he despatched the whole party, numbering a thousand cavalry and as many infantry, with guides, to the place selected for the ambuscade; and gave his brother directions as to the time at which he was to make the attempt. At daybreak he himself mustered the Numidian cavalry, who were conspicuous for their powers of endurance; and after addressing them, and promising them rewards if they behaved with gallantry, he ordered them to ride up to the enemy's lines, and then quickly cross the river, and by throwing showers of darts at them tempt them to come out: his object being to get at the enemy before they had had their breakfast, or made any preparations for the day. The other officers of the army also he summoned, and gave them similar instructions for the battle, ordering all their men to get breakfast and to see to their arms and horses.
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Walbank Commentary