Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 61

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<w lemma="%2Aproqe%2Fmenos">Προθέμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplion">Πόπλιον</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fwn">ἀκούων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="diabebhke%2Fnai">διαβεβηκέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fdon">Πάδον</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fneggus">σύνεγγυς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="h%29pi%2Fstei">ἠπίστει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prosaggellome%2Fnois">προσαγγελλομένοις</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29nqumou%2Fmenos">ἐνθυμούμενος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgais">ὀλίγαις</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Flipe">ἀπέλιπε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodanou%3D">Ῥοδανοῦ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sullogizo%2Fmenos">συλλογιζόμενος</w> <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="plou%3Dn">πλοῦν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Amassali%2Fas">Μασσαλίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhni%2Fan">Τυρρηνίαν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="makro%5Cs">μακρὸς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusparako%2Fmistos">δυσπαρακόμιστος</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w>,
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<w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="i%28storw%3Dn">ἱστορῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhnikou%3D">Τυρρηνικοῦ</w> <w lemma="pela%2Fgous">πελάγους</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpeis">Ἄλπεις</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pollh%5C">πολλὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusdi%2Fodos">δυσδίοδος</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxei">ὑπάρχει</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w>.
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<w lemma="pleio%2Fnwn">πλειόνων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="safeste%2Frws">σαφεστέρως</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="prosaggello%2Fntwn">προσαγγελλόντων</w>, <w lemma="e%29qau%2Fmaze">ἐθαύμαζε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katepe%2Fplhkto">κατεπέπληκτο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%5Cn">ἐπιβολὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3D">στρατηγοῦ</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsxein">πάσχειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplion:">Πόπλιον·</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29piba%2Fllesqai">ἐπιβάλλεσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpewn">Ἄλπεων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Flpise">ἤλπισε</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fa%7C">πορείᾳ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmesin">δυνάμεσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29llofu%2Flois:">ἀλλοφύλοις·</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tolmh%2Fsai">τολμήσαι</w>, <w lemma="katafqarh%2Fsesqai">καταφθαρήσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="prodh%2Flws">προδήλως</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pela%2Fmbanen">ὑπελάμβανεν</w>. <w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftois">τοιούτοις</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="dialogismoi%3Ds">διαλογισμοῖς</w>,
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<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29punqa%2Fneto">ἐπυνθάνετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sesw%3Dsqai">σεσῶσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fa%7C">Ἰταλίᾳ</w>, <w lemma="katepe%2Fplhkto">κατεπέπληκτο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="to%2Flman">τόλμαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fbolon">παράβολον</w> <w lemma="ta%29ndro%2Fs">τἀνδρός</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5C">αὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbainen">συνέβαινεν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="peponqe%2Fnai">πεπονθέναι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prospipto%2Fntwn">προσπιπτόντων</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="teleutai%2Fas">τελευταίας</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmhs">φήμης</w> <w lemma="katalhgou%2Fshs">καταληγούσης</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2Aza%2Fkanqan">Ζάκανθαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29lh%2Ffasin">εἰλήφασιν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="bebouleume%2Fnwn">βεβουλευμένων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnnoian">ἔννοιαν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fna">ἕνα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="strathgw%3Dn">στρατηγῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29capestalko%2Ftwn">ἐξαπεσταλκότων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhn">Λιβύην</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna">Καρχηδόνα</w> <w lemma="poliorkh%2Fsonta">πολιορκήσοντα</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3D">ἐκεῖ</w> <w lemma="diapolemh%2Fsonta">διαπολεμήσοντα</w>, <w lemma="parh%3Dn">παρῆν</w> <w lemma="a%29ggeli%2Fa">ἀγγελία</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Frestin">πάρεστιν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3D">πολιορκεῖ</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fa%7C">Ἰταλίᾳ</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcou">παραδόξου</w> <w lemma="fane%2Fntos">φανέντος</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ginome%2Fnou">γινομένου</w>, <w lemma="diataraxqe%2Fntes">διαταραχθέντες</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frion">Τεβέριον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Alilu%2Fbaion">Λιλύβαιον</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fstellon">ἐξαπέστελλον</w>, <w lemma="dhlou%3Dntes">δηλοῦντες</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fan">παρουσίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="oi%29o%2Fmenoi">οἰόμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29fe%2Fmenon">ἀφέμενον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnwn">προκειμένων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="spoudh%5Cn">σπουδὴν</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fois">ἰδίοις</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frios">Τεβέριος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flou">στόλου</w> <w lemma="parauti%2Fka">παραυτίκα</w> <w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fsas">συναθροίσας</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpemye">ἐξέπεμψε</w>, <w lemma="paraggei%2Flas">παραγγείλας</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="plou%3Dn">πλοῦν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fkou:">οἴκου·</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezika%5Cs">πεζικὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29cw%2Frkise">ἐξώρκισε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxwn">χιλιάρχων</w>, <w lemma="ta%2Fcas">τάξας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="deh%2Fsei">δεήσει</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arimi%2Fnw%7C">Ἀριμίνῳ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="koitai%2Fous">κοιταίους</w>.
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<w lemma="au%28%2Fth">αὕτη</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="po%2Flis">πόλις</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan">Ἀδρίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Frati">πέρατι</w> <w lemma="keime%2Fnh">κειμένη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fdon">Πάδον</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fwn">πεδίων</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="meshmbri%2Fas">μεσημβρίας</w>.
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<w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kinh%2Fmatos">κινήματος</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="ginome%2Fnou">γινομένου</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumbaino%2Fntwn">συμβαινόντων</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcan">δόξαν</w> <w lemma="prospipto%2Fntwn">προσπιπτόντων</w>, <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fstasis">ἐπίστασις</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllontos">μέλλοντος</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="eu%29katafro%2Fnhtos">εὐκαταφρόνητος</w>.
<head>Approach of Scipio</head>When he heard, while engaged on this design, that Publius had already crossed the Padus with his army, and was at no great distance, he was at first inclined to disbelieve the fact, reflecting that it was not many days since he had left him near the passage of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhone&groupId=933&placeId=1667">Rhone</a>, and that the voyage from Marseilles to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Etruria&groupId=582&placeId=1089">Etruria</a> was a long and difficult one. He was told, moreover, that from the<pb n="220" />Tyrrhenian Sea to the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a> through Italian soil was a long march, without good military roads. But when messenger after messenger confirmed the intelligence with increased positiveness, he was filled with amazement and admiration at the Consul's plan of campaign, and promptness in carrying it out. The feelings of Publius were much the same: for he had not expected that Hannibal would even attempt the passage of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a> with forces of different races, or, if he did attempt it, that he could escape utter destruction. Entertaining such ideas he was immensely astonished at his courage and adventurous daring, when he heard that he had not only got safe across, but was actually besieging certain towns in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>. Similar feelings were entertained at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> when the news arrived there. For scarcely had the last rumour about the taking of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Saguntum&groupId=938&placeId=1673">Saguntum</a> by the Carthaginians ceased to attract attention, and scarcely had the measures adopted in view of that event been taken,—namely the despatch of one Consul to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a> to besiege <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>, and of the other to Iberia to meet Hannibal there,— than news came that Hannibal had arrived in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> with his army, and was already besieging certain towns in it.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note97">Tiberius Sempronius recalled.</note>Thrown into great alarm by this unexpected turn of affairs, the Roman government sent at once to Tiberius at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lilybaeum&groupId=690&placeId=1261">Lilybaeum</a>, telling him of the presence of the enemy in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, and ordering him to abandon the original design of his expedition, and to make all haste home to reinforce the defences of the country. Tiberius at once<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note98">Excitement at Rome</note>collected the men of the fleet and sent them off, with orders to go home by sea; while he caused the Tribunes to administer an oath to the men of the legions that they would all appear at a fixed day at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ariminum&groupId=362&placeId=691">Ariminum</a> by bedtime. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ariminum&groupId=362&placeId=691">Ariminum</a> is a town on the Adriatic, situated at the southern boundary of the valley of the Padus. In every direction there was stir and excitement: and the news being a complete surprise to everybody, there was everywhere a great and irrepressible anxiety as to the future.