<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="de%2Fka">δέκα</w> <w lemma="poreuqei%5Cs">πορευθεὶς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="o%29ktakosi%2Fous">ὀκτακοσίους</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Frcato">ἤρξατο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpeis">Ἄλπεις</w> <w lemma="a%29nabolh%3Ds">ἀναβολῆς</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstois">μεγίστοις</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="peripesei%3Dn">περιπεσεῖν</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnois">κινδύνοις</w>.
<w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdois">ἐπιπέδοις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29pei%2Fxonto">ἀπείχοντο</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnes">ἡγεμόνες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29allobri%2Fgwn">Ἀλλοβρίγων</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="dedio%2Ftes">δεδιότες</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="parape%2Fmpontas">παραπέμποντας</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frous:">βαρβάρους·</w> <w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnoi">ἐκεῖνοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w> <w lemma="a%29phlla%2Fghsan">ἀπηλλάγησαν</w>,
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Frcanto">ἤρξαντο</w> <w lemma="proa%2Fgein">προάγειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dusxwri%2Fas">δυσχωρίας</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fsantes">συναθροίσαντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29allobri%2Fgwn">Ἀλλοβρίγων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnes">ἡγεμόνες</w> <w lemma="i%28kano%2Fn">ἱκανόν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="prokatela%2Fbonto">προκατελάβοντο</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29kai%2Frous">εὐκαίρους</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdei">ἔδει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkhn">ἀνάγκην</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nabolh%2Fn">ἀναβολήν</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkruyan">ἔκρυψαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fnoian">ἐπίνοιαν</w>, <w lemma="o%28losxerw%3Ds">ὁλοσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeiran">διέφθειραν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="stra%2Fteuma">στράτευμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn:">Καρχηδονίων·</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="katafanei%3Ds">καταφανεῖς</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenoi">γενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fblayan">ἔβλαψαν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttw">ἐλάττω</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%2Fs">ἑαυτούς</w>.
<w lemma="gnou%5Cs">γνοὺς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="prokate%2Fxousin">προκατέχουσιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Frbaroi">βάρβαροι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29kai%2Frous">εὐκαίρους</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="katastratopedeu%2Fsas">καταστρατοπεδεύσας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolai%3Ds">ὑπερβολαῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fmene">ἐπέμενε</w>,
<w lemma="proe%2Fpemye">προέπεμψε</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqhgoume%2Fnwn">καθηγουμένων</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kataske%2Fyasqai">κατασκέψασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fnoian">ἐπίνοιαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fqesin">ὑπόθεσιν</w>.
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="praca%2Fntwn">πραξάντων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="suntaxqe%2Fn">συνταχθέν</w>, <w lemma="e%29pignou%5Cs">ἐπιγνοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelw%3Ds">ἐπιμελῶς</w> <w lemma="pareutaktou%3Dsi">παρευτακτοῦσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="throu%3Dsi">τηροῦσι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmioi">πολέμιοι</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fktas">νύκτας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fs">εἴς</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="parakeime%2Fnhn">παρακειμένην</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29palla%2Fttontai">ἀπαλλάττονται</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fqesin">ὑπόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="a%28rmozo%2Fmenos">ἁρμοζόμενος</w> <w lemma="sunesth%2Fsato">συνεστήσατο</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w>.
<w lemma="a%29nalabw%5Cn">ἀναλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dgen">προῆγεν</w> <w lemma="e%29mfanw%3Ds">ἐμφανῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fsas">συνεγγίσας</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="dusxwri%2Fais">δυσχωρίαις</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="makra%5Cn">μακρὰν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeuse">κατεστρατοπέδευσε</w>. <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nukto%5Cs">νυκτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnhs">ἐπιγενομένης</w>, <w lemma="sunta%2Fcas">συντάξας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pura%5C">πυρὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%2Fein">καίειν</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Flipe">κατέλιπε</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdeiota%2Ftous">ἐπιτηδειοτάτους</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnous">εὐζώνους</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsas">ποιήσας</w> <w lemma="dih%3Dlqe">διῆλθε</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="stena%5C">στενὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fkta">νύκτα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsxe">κατέσχε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="prokatalhfqe%2Fntas">προκαταληφθέντας</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="a%29pokexwrhko%2Ftwn">ἀποκεχωρηκότων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fqeian">συνήθειαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>.
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<head>Hannibal Harassed By the Natives</head>Having in ten days' march accomplished a distance<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note85">The ascent.</note>of eight hundred stades along the river bank, Hannibal began the ascent of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a>,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note86">I have no intention of rediscussing the famous question of the pass by which Hannibal crossed the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a>. The reader will find an admirably clear statement of the various views entertained, and the latest arguments advanced in favour of each, in the notes to Mr. W. T. Arnold's edition of Dr. Arnold's<title>History of the Second Punic War,</title>pp. 362-373.</note>and immediately found himself involved in the most serious dangers. For as long as the Carthaginians were on the plains, the various chiefs of the Allobroges refrained from attacking them from fear of their cavalry, as well as of the Gauls who were escorting them. But when these last departed back again to their own lands, and Hannibal began to enter the mountainous region, the chiefs of the Allobroges collected large numbers of their tribe and occupied the points of vantage in advance, on the route by which Hannibal's troops were constrained to make their ascent. If they had only kept their design secret, the Carthaginian army would have been entirely<pb n="211" />destroyed: as it was, their plans became known, and though they did much damage to Hannibal's army, they suffered as much themselves. For when that general learnt that the natives were occupying the points of vantage, he halted and pitched his camp at the foot of the pass, and sent forward some of his Gallic guides to reconnoitre the enemy and discover their plan of operations. The order was obeyed: and he ascertained that it was the enemy's practice to keep under arms, and guard these posts carefully, during the day, but at night to retire to some town in the neighbourhood. Hannibal accordingly adapted his measures to this strategy of the enemy. He marched forward in broad daylight, and as soon as he came to the mountainous part of the road, pitched his camp only a little way from the enemy. At nightfall he gave orders for the watch-fires to be lit; and leaving the main body of his troops in the camp, and selecting the most suitable of his men, he had them armed lightly, and led them through the narrow parts of the road during the night, and seized on the spots which had been previously occupied by the enemy: they having, according to their regular custom, abandoned them for the nearest town.
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Walbank Commentary