Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 43

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<w lemma="%2Aou%29">Οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnhs">ἐπιγενομένης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmpths">πέμπτης</w> <w lemma="nukto%5Cs">νυκτὸς</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prodiaba%2Fntes">προδιαβάντες</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fran">πέραν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28wqinh%5Cn">ἑωθινὴν</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dgon">προῆγον</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nti%2Fpera">ἀντίπερα</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frous">βαρβάρους</w>,
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmous">ἑτοίμους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftas">στρατιώτας</w> <w lemma="e%29pei%3Dxe">ἐπεῖχε</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="diaba%2Fsei">διαβάσει</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="le%2Fmbous">λέμβους</w> <w lemma="peplhrwkw%5Cs">πεπληρωκὼς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peltofo%2Frwn">πελτοφόρων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mono%2Fcula">μονόξυλα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="eu%29kinhtota%2Ftwn">εὐκινητοτάτων</w> <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon">εἶχον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="u%28perdeci%2Fou">ὑπερδεξίου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="r%28eu%3Dma">ῥεῦμα</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcin">τάξιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fmboi">λέμβοι</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="lepta%5C">λεπτὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="porqmei%2Fwn">πορθμείων</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="r%28eu%2Fmatos">ῥεύματος</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fas">βίας</w> <w lemma="a%29podexome%2Fnwn">ἀποδεχομένων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="le%2Fmbwn">λέμβων</w> <w lemma="a%29sfaleste%2Fra">ἀσφαλεστέρα</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnoito">γίνοιτο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="monocu%2Flois">μονοξύλοις</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="parakomidh%5C">παρακομιδὴ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="po%2Frou">πόρου</w>.
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<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pru%2Fmnas">πρύμνας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="le%2Fmbwn">λέμβων</w> <w lemma="e%29fe%2Flkein">ἐφέλκειν</w> <w lemma="dienoou%3Dnto">διενοοῦντο</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppous">ἵππους</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fontas">νέοντας</w>, <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttaras">τέτταρας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgeu%3Dsin">ἀγωγεῦσιν</w> <w lemma="e%28no%5Cs">ἑνὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndro%5Cs">ἀνδρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frou">ἑκατέρου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pru%2Fmnhs">πρύμνης</w> <w lemma="oi%29aki%2Fzontos">οἰακίζοντος</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="i%28kano%5Cn">ἱκανὸν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppwn">ἵππων</w> <w lemma="sundiakomi%2Fzesqai">συνδιακομίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Frbaroi">βάρβαροι</w> <w lemma="qewrou%3Dntes">θεωροῦντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%5Cn">ἐπιβολὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="a%29ta%2Fktws">ἀτάκτως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frakos">χάρακος</w> <w lemma="e%29cexe%2Fonto">ἐξεχέοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="spora%2Fdhn">σποράδην</w>, <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnoi">πεπεισμένοι</w> <w lemma="kwlu%2Fein">κωλύειν</w> <w lemma="eu%29xerw%3Ds">εὐχερῶς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fbasin">ἀπόβασιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="sunidei%3Dn">συνιδεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fran">πέραν</w> <w lemma="e%29ggi%2Fzontas">ἐγγίζοντας</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftas">στρατιώτας</w>, <w lemma="shmhna%2Fntwn">σημηνάντων</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fan">παρουσίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kapnw%3D%7C">καπνῷ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="suntetagme%2Fnon">συντεταγμένον</w>, <w lemma="e%29mbai%2Fnein">ἐμβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpasin">ἅπασιν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggelle">παρήγγελλε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bia%2Fzesqai">βιάζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="r%28eu%3Dma">ῥεῦμα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="porqmei%2Fwn">πορθμείων</w> <w lemma="tetagme%2Fnois">τεταγμένοις</w>.
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<w lemma="taxu%5C">ταχὺ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ploi%2Fois">πλοίοις</w> <w lemma="a%28millwme%2Fnwn">ἁμιλλωμένων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flous">ἀλλήλους</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="kraugh%3Ds">κραυγῆς</w>, <w lemma="diagwnizome%2Fnwn">διαγωνιζομένων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fan">βίαν</w>,
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdwn">στρατοπέδων</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frwn">ἀμφοτέρων</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frou">ἑκατέρου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="xei%2Flh">χείλη</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="parestw%2Ftwn">παρεστώτων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="sunagwniw%2Fntwn">συναγωνιώντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parakolouqou%2Fntwn">παρακολουθούντων</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="kraugh%3Ds">κραυγῆς</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fswpon">πρόσωπον</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="paianizo%2Fntwn">παιανιζόντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prokaloume%2Fnwn">προκαλουμένων</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w>, <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29kplhktiko%5Cn">ἐκπληκτικὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parastatiko%5Cn">παραστατικὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwni%2Fas">ἀγωνίας</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="a%29poleloipo%2Ftwn">ἀπολελοιπότων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="skhna%5Cs">σκηνὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pipeso%2Fntes">ἐπιπεσόντες</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Ffnw">ἄφνω</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fran">πέραν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w>, <w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nepi%2Fmprasan">ἐνεπίμπρασαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="stratopedei%2Fan">στρατοπεδείαν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Frmhsan">ὥρμησαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w> <w lemma="throu%3Dntas">τηροῦντας</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Frbaroi">βάρβαροι</w>, <w lemma="paralo%2Fgou">παραλόγου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmatos">πράγματος</w> <w lemma="fane%2Fntos">φανέντος</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="skhna%5Cs">σκηνὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29fe%2Fronto">ἐφέροντο</w> <w lemma="bohqh%2Fsontes">βοηθήσοντες</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29mu%2Fnonto">ἠμύνοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diema%2Fxonto">διεμάχοντο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pitiqeme%2Fnous">ἐπιτιθεμένους</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="suntrexo%2Fntwn">συντρεχόντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w>, <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftous">πρώτους</w> <w lemma="a%29pobai%2Fnontas">ἀποβαίνοντας</w> <w lemma="suni%2Fsta">συνίστα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flei">παρεκάλει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suneple%2Fketo">συνεπλέκετο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frois">βαρβάροις</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%5C">Κελτοὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29taci%2Fan">ἀταξίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdocon">παράδοξον</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnontos">συμβαίνοντος</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="trape%2Fntes">τραπέντες</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Frmhsan">ὥρμησαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="fugh%2Fn">φυγήν</w>.
<head>Hannibal's Troops Begin to Cross</head>When the fifth night came, however, the division<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note78">The crossing begun.</note>which had crossed first started before daybreak to march down the opposite bank of the river and attack the barbarians; while Hannibal, having his men in readiness, began to attempt the passage of the river. He had filled the wherries with the heavy-armed cavalry, and the canoes with the most active of his foot; and he now arranged that the wherries should cross higher up the stream, and the canoes below them, that the violence of the current might be broken by the former, and the canoes cross more safely. The plan for the horses was that they should swim at the stern of the wherries, one man on each side of the stern guiding three or four with leading reins: so that a considerable number of horses were brought over at once with the first detachment. When they saw what the enemy meant to do, the barbarians, without forming their ranks, poured out of their entrenchments in scattered groups,<pb n="204" />feeling no doubt of being able to stop the crossing of the Carthaginians with ease. As soon as Hannibal saw by the smoke, which was the signal agreed upon, that the advanced detachment on the other side was approaching, he ordered all to go on board, and the men in charge of the transports to push out against the stream. This was promptly done: and then began a most anxious and exciting scene. Cheer after cheer rose from the men who were working the boats, as they struggled to outstrip each other, and exerted themselves to the utmost to overcome the force of the current. On the edge of either bank stood the two armies: the one sharing in the struggles of their comrades by sympathy, and shouting encouragement to them as they went; while the barbarians in front of them yelled their war-cries and challenged them to battle. While this was going on the barbarians had abandoned their tents, which the Carthaginians on that side of the river suddenly and unexpectedly seized. Some of them proceeded to set fire to the camp, while the greater number went to attack the men who were standing ready to resist the passage. Surprised by this unlooked for event, some of the barbarians rushed off to save their tents, while others prepared to resist the attack of the enemy, and were now actually engaged. Seeing that everything was going as he had intended, Hannibal at once formed the first division as it disembarked: and after addressing some encouraging words to it, closed with the barbarians, who, having no time to form their ranks, and being taken by surprise, were quickly repulsed and put to flight.