Polybius, Histories

Layout
Translation

Book 3 - Chapter 41

1
<w lemma="%2Ata%5C">Τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%5Cs">Κελτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fan">παρουσίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="ei%29lh%2Ffei">εἰλήφει</w> <w lemma="die%2Fcodon">διέξοδον</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%2Fan">οἵαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fn">ἔν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="dielhlu%2Fqamen">διεληλύθαμεν</w>.
2
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="strathgoi%5C">στρατηγοὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="e%28toimasa%2Fmenoi">ἑτοιμασάμενοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%2Fs">ἐπιβολάς</w>, <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpleon">ἐξέπλεον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="w%28rai%2Fan">ὡραίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnas">προκειμένας</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w>, <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%2Fkonta">ἑξήκοντα</w> <w lemma="nausi%2F">ναυσί</w>, <w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frios">Τεβέριος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Asemprw%2Fnios">Σεμπρώνιος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhn">Λιβύην</w> <w lemma="e%28kato%5Cn">ἑκατὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%2Fkonta">ἑξήκοντα</w> <w lemma="ska%2Ffesi">σκάφεσι</w> <w lemma="penthrikoi%3Ds">πεντηρικοῖς</w>.
3
<w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="kataplhktikw%3Ds">καταπληκτικῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Fleto">ἐπεβάλετο</w> <w lemma="polemei%3Dn">πολεμεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%5Cs">παρασκευὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Alilubai%2Fw%7C">Λιλυβαίῳ</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w> <w lemma="a%28qroi%2Fzwn">ἁθροίζων</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fplou">κατάπλου</w> <w lemma="poliorkh%2Fswn">πολιορκήσων</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna">Καρχηδόνα</w>.
4
<w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="komisqei%5Cs">κομισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aligusti%2Fnhn">Λιγυστίνην</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dke">ἧκε</w> <w lemma="pemptai%3Dos">πεμπταῖος</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Apisw%3Dn">Πισῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Amassali%2Fan">Μασσαλίαν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>,
5
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqormisqei%5Cs">καθορμισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="sto%2Fma">στόμα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodanou%3D">Ῥοδανοῦ</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Amassaliwtiko%5Cn">Μασσαλιωτικὸν</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuo%2Fmenon">προσαγορευόμενον</w>,
6
<w lemma="a%29pebi%2Fbaze">ἀπεβίβαζε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w>, <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fwn">ἀκούων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28perba%2Fllein">ὑπερβάλλειν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Apurhnai%3Da">Πυρηναῖα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Frh">ὄρη</w>, <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnos">πεπεισμένος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="makra%5Cn">μακρὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxein">ἀπέχειν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dusxwri%2Fas">δυσχωρίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="keime%2Fnwn">κειμένων</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w>.
7
<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fmasi">χρήμασι</w> <w lemma="pei%2Fsas">πείσας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="biasa%2Fmenos">βιασάμενος</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dke">ἧκε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w>, <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Asardo%2Fnion">Σαρδόνιον</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flagos">πέλαγος</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodanou%3D">Ῥοδανοῦ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w>.
8
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w>, <w lemma="diasafhqe%2Fntos">διασαφηθέντος</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="parei%3Dnai">παρεῖναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29pistw%3Dn">ἀπιστῶν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fxos">τάχος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fas">παρουσίας</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="ei%29de%2Fnai">εἰδέναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29kri%2Fbeian">ἀκρίβειαν</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29nela%2Fmbane">ἀνελάμβανε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plou%3D">πλοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dienoei%3Dto">διενοεῖτο</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxwn">χιλιάρχων</w> <w lemma="poi%2Fois">ποίοις</w> <w lemma="xrhste%2Fon">χρηστέον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summikte%2Fon">συμμικτέον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fois:">ὑπεναντίοις·</w>
9
<w lemma="triakosi%2Fous">τριακοσίους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrwdesta%2Ftous">ἀνδρωδεστάτους</w>, <w lemma="susth%2Fsas">συστήσας</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqhgemo%2Fnas">καθηγεμόνας</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunagwnista%5Cs">συναγωνιστὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%2Fs">Κελτούς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Amassaliw%2Ftais">Μασσαλιώταις</w> <w lemma="e%29tu%2Fgxanon">ἐτύγχανον</w> <w lemma="misqoforou%3Dntes">μισθοφοροῦντες</w>.
<head>The Consuls Set Out to Iberia and Libya</head>Such was the state of Celtic affairs from the beginning to the arrival of Hannibal; thus completing the course of events which I have already had occasion to describe.Meanwhile the Consuls, having completed the necessary<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note72">Tiberius Sempronius prepares to attack <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>.</note>preparations for their respective missions, set sail at the beginning of summer—Publius to Iberia, with sixty ships, and Tiberius Sempronius to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a>, with a hundred and sixty quinqueremes. The latter thought by means of this great fleet to strike terror into the enemy; and made vast preparations at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lilybaeum&groupId=690&placeId=1261">Lilybaeum</a>,<pb n="202" />collecting fresh troops wherever he could get them, as though with the view of at once blockading <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> itself.Publius Cornelius coasted along <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Liguria&groupId=689&placeId=1259">Liguria</a>, and crossing in<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note73">Publius Scipio lands near Marseilles.</note>five days from Pisae to Marseilles, dropped anchor at the most eastern mouth of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhone&groupId=933&placeId=1667">Rhone</a>, called the Mouth of Marseilles,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note74"><cit><quote lang="la">Pluribus enim divisus amnis in mare decurrit</quote><bibl n="Liv. 21.26" default="NO" valid="yes">(Livy, 21, 26)</bibl></cit>.</note>and began disembarking his troops. For though he heard that Hannibal was already crossing the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pyrenees&groupId=921&placeId=1650">Pyrenees</a>, he felt sure that he was still a long way off, owing to the difficulty of his line of country, and the number of the intervening Celtic tribes. But long before he was expected, Hannibal had arrived at the crossing of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhone&groupId=933&placeId=1667">Rhone</a>, keeping the Sardinian Sea on his right as he marched, and having made his way through the Celts partly by bribes and partly by force. Being informed that the enemy were at hand, Publius was at first incredulous of the fact, because of the rapidity of the advance; but wishing to know the exact state of the case,—while staying behind himself to refresh his troops after their voyage, and to consult with the Tribunes as to the best ground on which to give the enemy battle,—he sent out a reconnoitring party, consisting of three hundred of his bravest horse; joining with them as guides and supports some Celts, who chanced to be serving as mercenaries at the time in Marseilles.