<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgou">λόγου</w> <w lemma="sunepideiknume%2Fnous">συνεπιδεικνυμένους</w>. <w lemma="a%29fe%2Fmenoi">ἀφέμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="treyo%2Fmeqa">τρεψόμεθα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnhs">προκειμένης</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="dihgh%2Fsews">διηγήσεως</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhs">Λιβύης</w> <w lemma="e%29kuri%2Feuon">ἐκυρίευον</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsw">ἔσω</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="neuo%2Fntwn">νευόντων</w> <w lemma="merw%3Dn">μερῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Afilai%2Fnou">Φιλαίνου</w> <w lemma="bwmw%3Dn">βωμῶν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dntai">κεῖνται</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="%2Asu%2Frtin">Σύρτιν</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hrakle%2Fous">Ἡρακλέους</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flas">στήλας</w>.
<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%3Dko%2Fs">μῆκός</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parali%2Fas">παραλίας</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28cakisxili%2Fous">ἑξακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w>.
<w lemma="diaba%2Fntes">διαβάντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hraklei%2Fous">Ἡρακλείους</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flas">στήλας</w> <w lemma="po%2Fron">πόρον</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="e%29kekrath%2Fkeisan">ἐκεκρατήκεισαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fas">Ἰβηρίας</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fshs">ἁπάσης</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="r%28axi%2Fas">ῥαχίας</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fras">πέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftth%7C">θαλάττῃ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apurhnai%2Fwn">Πυρηναίων</w> <w lemma="o%29rw%3Dn">ὀρῶν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="diori%2Fzei">διορίζει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhras">Ἴβηρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%2Fs">Κελτούς</w>.
<w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxei">ἀπέχει</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hraklei%2Fous">Ἡρακλείους</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flas">στήλας</w> <w lemma="sto%2Fmatos">στόματος</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpos">τόπος</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="o%29ktakisxili%2Fous">ὀκτακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Akainh%5Cn">Καινὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="sthlw%3Dn">στηλῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="trisxili%2Fous">τρισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fqen">ὅθεν</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan:">Ἰταλίαν·</w> [<w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akainh%5Cn">Καινὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="%2Ane%2Fan">Νέαν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna">Καρχηδόνα</w> <w lemma="kalou%3Dsin:">καλοῦσιν·</w>] <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="ei%29si%5Cn">εἰσὶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhra">Ἴβηρα</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28cako%2Fsioi">ἑξακόσιοι</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fdioi">στάδιοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fois">δισχιλίοις</w>,
<w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29empo%2Frion">Ἐμπόριον</w> <w lemma="xi%2Flioi">χίλιοι</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="e%28cakosi%2Fois">ἑξακοσίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29empori%2Fou">Ἐμπορίου</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="e%28cakosi%2Fous">ἑξακοσίους</w>,
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29nteu%3Dqen">ἐντεῦθεν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodanou%3D">Ῥοδανοῦ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w> <w lemma="e%28cakosi%2Fous:">ἑξακοσίους·</w> [<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="bebhma%2Ftistai">βεβημάτισται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="seshmei%2Fwtai">σεσημείωται</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w> <w lemma="o%29ktw%5C">ὀκτὼ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelw%3Ds:">ἐπιμελῶς·</w>
] <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="diaba%2Fsews">διαβάσεως</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodanou%3D">Ῥοδανοῦ</w> <w lemma="poreuome%2Fnois">πορευομένοις</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="phga%5Cs">πηγὰς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nabolh%5Cn">ἀναβολὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpewn">Ἄλπεων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="xi%2Flioi">χίλιοι</w> <w lemma="tetrako%2Fsioi">τετρακόσιοι</w>.
<w lemma="loipai%5C">λοιπαὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpewn">Ἄλπεων</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolai%2F">ὑπερβολαί</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fous:">διακοσίους·</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="u%28perbalw%5Cn">ὑπερβαλὼν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmellen">ἔμελλεν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fcein">ἥξειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fdon">Πάδον</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w>.
<w lemma="w%28%2Fst%27">ὥστ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Akainh%3Ds">Καινῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29nnakisxili%2Fous">ἐννακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdei">ἔδει</w> <w lemma="dielqei%3Dn">διελθεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%2Fn">αὐτόν</w>.
<w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%3Dkos">μῆκος</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%2Fseis">ἡμίσεις</w> <w lemma="dielhlu%2Fqei">διεληλύθει</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dusxe%2Freian">δυσχέρειαν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ple%2Fon">πλέον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="a%29pelei%2Fpeto">ἀπελείπετο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fas">πορείας</w>.
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<head>The Length of Hannibal's March</head>At this period the Carthaginians were masters of the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note65">The length of the march from Carthagena to the Po,<num value="1125">1125</num>Roman miles.</note>whole Mediterranean coast of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a> from the Altars of Philaenus,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note66">The<foreign lang="la">arae Philaenorum</foreign>were apparently set up as boundary stones to mark the territory of the Pentapolis or <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyrene&groupId=521&placeId=985">Cyrene</a> from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a>: and the place retained the name long after the disappearance of the altars (<bibl n="Strab. 3.5.5" default="NO" valid="yes">Strabo, 3.5.5-6</bibl>).</note>opposite the Great Syrtis, to the Pillars of Hercules, a seaboard of over sixteen thousand stades. They had also crossed the strait of the Pillars of Hercules, and got possession of the whole seaboard of Iberia on the Mediterranean as far as the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pyrenees&groupId=921&placeId=1650">Pyrenees</a>, which separate the Iberes from the Celts—that is, for a distance of about eight thousand stades: for it is three thousand from the Pillars to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=New Carthage&groupId=791&placeId=1430">New Carthage</a>, from which Hannibal started for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>; two thousand six hundred from thence to the Iber; and from that river to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Emporium&groupId=565&placeId=1056">Emporium</a> again sixteen hundred; from which town, I may add, to the passage of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhone&groupId=933&placeId=1667">Rhone</a> is a distance of about sixteen hundred stades: for all these distances have now been carefully measured by the Romans and marked with milestones at every<pb n="200" />eighth stade.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note67">For Polybius's calculation as to the length of the stade, see note on 34, 12.</note>After crossing the river there was a march up stream along its bank of fourteen hundred stades, before reaching the foot of the pass over the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a> into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>. The pass itself was about twelve hundred stades, which being crossed would bring him into the plains of the Padus in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>. So that the whole length of his march from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=New Carthage&groupId=791&placeId=1430">New Carthage</a> was about nine thousand stades, or<num value="1125">1125</num>Roman miles. Of the country he had thus to traverse he had already passed almost half in mere distance, but in the difficulties the greater part of his task was still before him.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note68">Coss. P. Cornelius Scipio and Tib. Sempronius Longus. B. C. 218. The Consuls are sent, one to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a>, and the other to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Africa&groupId=300&placeId=294">Africa</a>.</note>
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Walbank Commentary