<head lang="la">II. Bellum Persicum</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2Aau%29%3Dlos">Αὖλος</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29ntistra%2Fthgos">ἀντιστράτηγος</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraxeima%2Fzwn">παραχειμάζων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqettali%2Fa%7C">Θετταλίᾳ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpemye">ἐξέπεμψε</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w> <w lemma="%2Apopi%2Flion">Ποπίλιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fion">Γνάιον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29okta%2Fouion:">Ὀκτάουιον·</w>
<w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqh%2Fbas">Θήβας</w> <w lemma="e%29lqo%2Fntes">ἐλθόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29ph%2F%7Cnesan">ἐπῄνεσαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flesan">παρεκάλεσαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%2Fous">Θηβαίους</w> <w lemma="diafula%2Fttein">διαφυλάττειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w>.
<w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuo%2Fmenoi">ἐπιπορευόμενοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsw%7C">Πελοποννήσῳ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29pideiknu%2Fein">ἐπιδεικνύειν</w> <w lemma="e%29peirw%3Dnto">ἐπειρῶντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois">ἀνθρώποις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="pra%7Co%2Fthta">πρᾳότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpi%2Fan">φιλανθρωπίαν</w>, <w lemma="profero%2Fmenoi">προφερόμενοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fgmata">δόγματα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="mikrw%3D%7C">μικρῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="r%28hqe%2Fnta">ῥηθέντα</w>,
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgwn">λόγων</w> <w lemma="parene%2Ffainon">παρενέφαινον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ei%29do%2Ftes">εἰδότες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstais">ἑκάσταις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="a%29naxwrou%3Dntas">ἀναχωροῦντας</w>, <w lemma="w%28sau%2Ftws">ὡσαύτως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="propi%2Fptontas">προπίπτοντας</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dh%3Dloi">δῆλοι</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="dusarestou%2Fmenoi">δυσαρεστούμενοι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29naxwrou%3Dsin">ἀναχωροῦσιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dtton">ἧττον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29kfanw%3Ds">ἐκφανῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipra%2Fttousin">ἀντιπράττουσιν</w>.
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fstasin">ἐπίστασιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diapo%2Frhsin">διαπόρησιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dgon">ἦγον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="pot%27">ποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgontes">λέγοντες</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttontes">πράττοντες</w> <w lemma="eu%29stoxoi%3Den">εὐστοχοῖεν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="parestw%2Ftwn">παρεστώτων</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w>, <w lemma="sunaxqei%2Fshs">συναχθείσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kklhsi%2Fas">ἐκκλησίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29le%2Fgonto">ἐλέγοντο</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="bebouleu%3Dsqai">βεβουλεῦσθαι</w> <w lemma="kathgorh%2Fsein">κατηγορήσειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aluko%2Frtan">Λυκόρταν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Farxwna">Ἄρχωνα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Apolu%2Fbion">Πολύβιον</w>,
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paradei%2Fcein">παραδείξειν</w> <w lemma="a%29llotri%2Fous">ἀλλοτρίους</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxontas">ὑπάρχοντας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w>. <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="ai%28re%2Fsews">αἱρέσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28suxi%2Fan">ἡσυχίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgontas">ἄγοντας</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fn">παρόν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsei">φύσει</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftous">τοιούτους</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="parathrou%3Dntas">παρατηροῦντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnonta">συμβαίνοντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29fedreu%2Fontas">ἐφεδρεύοντας</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29qa%2Frrhsan">ἐθάρρησαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="poih%3Dsai">ποιῆσαι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mhdemi%2Fan">μηδεμίαν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Flogon">εὔλογον</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%5Cn">ἀφορμὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w>.
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="sunaxqei%2Fshs">συναχθείσης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="boulh%3Ds">βουλῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fgion">Αἴγιον</w>, <w lemma="a%29spastikh%2Fn">ἀσπαστικήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraklhtikh%5Cn">παρακλητικὴν</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenoi">ποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnteucin">ἔντευξιν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fpleusan">ἀπέπλευσαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twli%2Fan">Αἰτωλίαν</w>.
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<head>Pressure Put On Achaia and Aetolia</head>Aulus being thus Proconsul, and wintering in Thessaly<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note4">B. C. 169. Aulus Hostilius, in Greece with proconsular authority, sends Popilius and Octavius to visit the Greek towns and read the decree of the Senate.</note>with the army, sent Gaius Popilius and Gnaeus Octavius to visit certain places in Greece. They first came to Thebes, where, after speaking in complimentary terms of the Thebans, they exhorted them to maintain their good disposition towards <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. They then went a round of the cities in the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, and endeavoured to convince the people of the clemency and humanity of the Senate by producing the<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note5">The decree referred to is given in<bibl n="Liv. 43.17" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, 43, 17</bibl>. "No one shall supply any war material to the Roman magistrates other than that which the Senate has decreed." This had been extracted from the Senate by vehement complaints reaching <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> of the cruel extortions of the Roman officers in the previous two years.</note>decree<pb n="373" />which I recently mentioned.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note6">They visit the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, and express some dissatisfaction at the backward policy of certain Achaeans.</note>At the same time they made it clearly understood that the Senate was aware who in the several states were hanging back and trying to evade their obligations, and who were forward and zealous; and they let it be seen that they were as much displeased with those who thus hung back as with those who openly took the opposite side. This brought hesitation and doubt to the minds of the people at large, as to how to frame their words and actions so as to exactly suit the necessities of the times.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note7">Lycortas, Archon, and Polybius are supposed to be particularly aimed at.</note>Gaius and Gnaeus were reported to have resolved, as soon as the Achaean congress was assembled, to accuse Lycortas, Archon, and Polybius, and to point out that they were opposed to the policy of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>; and were at the present moment refraining from active measures, not because that was their genuine inclination, but because they were watching the turn of events, and waiting their opportunity. They did not, however, venture to do this, because they had no wellfounded pretext for attacking these men. Accordingly, when the council<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note8">Polybius seems to mean the smaller council, not the public assembly, though Livy evidently understood the latter (<bibl n="Liv. 43.47" default="NO" valid="yes">43, 47</bibl>).</note>met at Aegium, after delivering a speech of mingled compliments and exhortation, they took ship for Aetolia.
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Walbank Commentary