Polybius, Histories

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Book 21 - Chapter 31

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<w lemma="%2Aou%28%3Dtoi">Οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="paralabo%2Fntes">παραλαβόντες</w> <w lemma="tou%2Fs">τούς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodi%2Fous">Ῥοδίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpleon">ἔπλεον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prokei%2Fmenon:">προκείμενον·</w>
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<w lemma="paraplhsi%2Fws">παραπλησίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkos">Μάρκος</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aou%29ale%2Frion">Οὐαλέριον</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frous">ἑτέρους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcontas">πράξοντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fnhs">εἰρήνης</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29fikome%2Fnwn">ἀφικομένων</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29kainopoih%2Fqh">ἐκαινοποιήθη</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%3Ds">ὀργῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws:">βασιλέως·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnos">ἐκεῖνος</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="dokw%3Dn">δοκῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkws">ἀδίκως</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29fh%7Crh%3Dsqai">ἀφῃρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqamani%2Fan">Ἀθαμανίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Adolopi%2Fan">Δολοπίαν</w> <w lemma="diepe%2Fmyato">διεπέμψατο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flous">φίλους</w>, <w lemma="a%29ciw%3Dn">ἀξιῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="sunorgisqh%3Dnai">συνοργισθῆναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="prosde%2Fcasqai">προσδέξασθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fseis">διαλύσεις</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29sporeuqe%2Fntwn">εἰσπορευθέντων</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fkouen">παρήκουεν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodi%2Fwn">Ῥοδίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="a%29ciou%2Fntwn">ἀξιούντων</w> <w lemma="e%29netra%2Fph">ἐνετράπη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fsxe">προσέσχε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="nou%3Dn">νοῦν</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29do%2Fkei">ἐδόκει</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Ada%2Fmwn%27">Δάμων᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Akixhsi%2Fou">Κιχησίου</w> <w lemma="%2Ale%2Fwn">Λέων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Flla">ἄλλα</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paradei%2Fgmati">παραδείγματι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fw%7C">οἰκείῳ</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fsasqai">χρήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%29rgi%2Fzesqai">ὀργίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%3Ds:">Αἰτωλοῖς·</w> <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="eu%29%3D">εὖ</w> <w lemma="peponqo%2Ftas">πεπονθότας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="a%29podedwke%2Fnai">ἀποδεδωκέναι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgan">μέγαν</w> <w lemma="e%29nhnoxe%2Fnai">ἐνηνοχέναι</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fan">ἡγεμονίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29kkau%2Fsantas">ἐκκαύσαντας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxon">Ἀντίοχον</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon:">πόλεμον·</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diamarta%2Fnein">διαμαρτάνειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%5Cn">ὀργὴν</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frein">φέρειν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%2Fs">πολλούς</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%3Dnon">συμβαῖνον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fais">πολιτείαις</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqh">πλήθη</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="ginome%2Fnw%7C">γινομένῳ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnhn">ἐκείνην</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28th%3Ds">αὑτῆς</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%2F">ἀεί</w> <w lemma="pot%27">ποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="galhnh%5Cn">γαληνὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqesthkui%3Dan">καθεστηκυῖαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fpot%27">μηδέποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29noxlh%3Dsai">ἐνοχλῆσαι</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prospelazo%2Fntwn">προσπελαζόντων</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xrwme%2Fnwn:">χρωμένων·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29peida%5Cn">ἐπειδὰν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29mpeso%2Fntes">ἐμπεσόντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fnemoi">ἄνεμοι</w> <w lemma="bi%2Faioi">βίαιοι</w> <w lemma="tara%2Fcwsi">ταράξωσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagka%2Fswsi">ἀναγκάσωσι</w> <w lemma="kinei%3Dsqai">κινεῖσθαι</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="mhqe%5Cn">μηθὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="deino%2Fteron">δεινότερον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="mhde%5C">μηδὲ</w> <w lemma="foberw%2Fteron">φοβερώτερον</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths:">θαλάττης·</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twli%2Fan">Αἰτωλίαν</w> <w lemma="sumpesei%3Dn">συμπεσεῖν</w>.
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"<w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29ke%2Fraioi">ἀκέραιοι</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="u%28ph%3Drxon">ὑπῆρχον</w> <w lemma="u%28mi%3Dn">ὑμῖν</w> <w lemma="eu%29nou%2Fstatoi">εὐνούστατοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bebaio%2Ftatoi">βεβαιότατοι</w> <w lemma="sunergoi%5C">συνεργοὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis:">πράξεις·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fas">Ἀσίας</w> <w lemma="pneu%2Fsantes">πνεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2Aqo%2Fas">Θόας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adikai%2Farxos">Δικαίαρχος</w>, <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Fphs">Εὐρώπης</w> <w lemma="%2Amenesta%3Ds">Μενεστᾶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adamo%2Fkritos">Δαμόκριτος</w> <w lemma="suneta%2Fracan">συνετάραξαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlous">ὄχλους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkasan">ἠνάγκασαν</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w>,
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<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="fronou%3Dntes">φρονοῦντες</w> <w lemma="e%29boulh%2Fqhsan">ἐβουλήθησαν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28mi%3Dn">ὑμῖν</w>, <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fnonto">ἐγένοντο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftioi">αἴτιοι</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Dn">κακῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29nq%27">ἀνθ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="u%28ma%3Ds">ὑμᾶς</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="a%29paraith%2Ftws">ἀπαραιτήτως</w>, <w lemma="e%29leei%3Dn">ἐλεεῖν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fesqai">διαλύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>, <w lemma="ei%29do%2Ftas">εἰδότας</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenoi">γενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29ke%2Fraioi">ἀκέραιοι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="u%28f%27">ὑφ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28mw%3Dn">ὑμῶν</w> <w lemma="swqe%2Fntes">σωθέντες</w>, <w lemma="eu%29nou%2Fstatoi">εὐνούστατοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsontai">ἔσονται</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w>.
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" <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%3Dos">Ἀθηναῖος</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29pw%5Cn">εἰπὼν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpeise">ἔπεισε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fesqai">διαλύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%2Fs">Αἰτωλούς</w>.
<head>The Treaty With the Aetolians</head>While these envoys, accompanied by those from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhodes&groupId=931&placeId=1665">Rhodes</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athens&groupId=379&placeId=715">Athens</a>, were on their voyage with this object, Marcus Fulvius sent Caius Valerius also, and some others of his friends to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> to secure the ratification of the treaty. But when they arrived at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> they found that a fresh cause of anger with the Aetolians had arisen by the instrumentality of king Philip; who, looking upon himself as wronged by the Aetolians having taken <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athamania&groupId=377&placeId=710">Athamania</a> and Dolopia from him, had sent to some of his friends at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, urging them to share his displeasure and secure the rejection of the pacification. Accordingly, on the first arrival of the Aetolians, the Senate would not listen to them; but afterwards, at the intercession of the Rhodians and Athenians, changed its mind and consented to their request: for Damis,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note63">Hultsch's text, supported by the MSS., has<foreign lang="greek">Δάμις ὁ κιχησίων,</foreign>from which no sense seems obtainable. According to Suidas, Damis was a philosopher from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Nineveh&groupId=202&placeId=450">Nineveh</a> who had settled in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athens&groupId=379&placeId=715">Athens</a>. Livy<bibl n="Liv. 38.10" default="NO" valid="yes">(38, 10)</bibl>, has<quote lang="la">Leon Hicesiae filius.</quote>He must therefore have found the name Leon in his copy, which could hardly have been substituted for<foreign lang="greek">Δᾶμις</foreign>by mistake, though<foreign lang="greek">ἹΚΕΣίου</foreign>may have become<foreign lang="greek">κιχησίων.</foreign></note>besides other excellences displayed in his speech, was thought to have introduced a very apt simile, extremely applicable to the case in hand.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note64">Speech of Damis.</note>He said "The Romans had good cause for anger with the Aetolians; for, instead of being grateful for the many kindnesses received at their hands, they had brought the Roman Empire into great danger by causing the war with Antiochus to break out. But the Senate were wrong in one point, namely in directing their anger against the masses. For in states the common people were like the sea, which left to its own nature was ever calm and unmoved, and not in the least likely ever to trouble any of those who approached or used it; but directly violent winds blew upon and disturbed it, and forced it against its nature to become agitated, then indeed nothing could be more dreadful or formidable than the sea. This was just the case with the Aetolians. As long as they were left to themselves, no people in Greece were more loyal to you or more staunch in supporting your active measures. But when Thoas and Dicaearchus brought a storm from Asia, and Mnestas and Damocritus from Europe, and, disturbing the calm of the Aetolian masses, compelled<pb n="289" />them to become reckless of what they said or did,—then indeed their good disposition gave way to bad, and while intending to do mischief to you they really inflicted damage upon themselves. It is against these mischief-makers therefore that you should be implacable; while you should take pity on the masses and make peace with them: with the assurance that, if once more left to themselves, with the additional feeling of having owed their safety on the present occasion to you, their attachment to you will be the warmest in Greece."