<w lemma="%2A%28%2Fama">Ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="sunetelei%3Dto">συνετελεῖτο</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunos">κίνδυνος</w>, <w lemma="e%29kpreph%3D">ἐκπρεπῆ</w> <w lemma="poioume%2Fnwn">ποιουμένων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axai+kw%3Dn">Ἀχαϊκῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fntwn">ἁπάντων</w>, <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Afilopoi%2Fmenos">Φιλοποίμενος</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fas">ἐλευθερίας</w> <w lemma="sunesta%2Fnai">συνεστάναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dna">ἀγῶνα</w>.
<w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%5Cn">ὃν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnw%7C">προειρημένῳ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppon">ἵππον</w> <w lemma="pesei%3Dn">πεσεῖν</w> <w lemma="plhge%2Fnta">πληγέντα</w> <w lemma="kairi%2Fws">καιρίως</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezomaxou%3Dnta">πεζομαχοῦντα</w> <w lemma="peripesei%3Dn">περιπεσεῖν</w> <w lemma="trau%2Fmati">τραύματι</w> <w lemma="biai%2Fw%7C">βιαίῳ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29mfoi%3Dn">ἀμφοῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Dn">τοῖν</w> <w lemma="mhroi%3Dn">μηροῖν</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basilei%3Ds">βασιλεῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Folumpon">Ὄλυμπον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnwn">εὐζώνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frwn">μισθοφόρων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sumplokh%2Fn">συμπλοκήν</w>, <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frois">ἑκατέροις</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28parxo%2Fntwn">ὑπαρχόντων</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="pentakisxili%2Fous">πεντακισχιλίους</w>.
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerw%3Ds">ὁλοσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="sumpipto%2Fntwn">συμπιπτόντων</w>, <w lemma="diafe%2Frousan">διαφέρουσαν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29mfoi%3Dn">ἀμφοῖν</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w>, <w lemma="o%28mou%3D">ὁμοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fwn">βασιλέων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdwn">στρατοπέδων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="suno%2Fyei">συνόψει</w> <w lemma="poioume%2Fnwn">ποιουμένων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w>.
<w lemma="h%28millw%3Dnto">ἡμιλλῶντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%5Cs">ἑαυτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndra">ἄνδρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fgma">τάγμα</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="eu%29yuxi%2Fais">εὐψυχίαις</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnhs">Κλεομένης</w> <w lemma="o%28rw%3Dn">ὁρῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29delfo%5Cn">ἀδελφὸν</w> <w lemma="pefeugo%2Ftas">πεφευγότας</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdois">ἐπιπέδοις</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fpw">οὔπω</w> <w lemma="kli%2Fnontas">κλίνοντας</w>, <w lemma="kataplagh%5Cs">καταπλαγὴς</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w> <w lemma="prosde%2Fchtai">προσδέξηται</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w>, <w lemma="h%29nagka%2Fzeto">ἠναγκάζετο</w> <w lemma="diaspa%3Dn">διασπᾶν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="proteixi%2Fsmata">προτειχίσματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29ca%2Fgein">ἐξάγειν</w> <w lemma="metwphdo%5Cn">μετωπηδὸν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="mi%2Fan">μίαν</w> <w lemma="pleura%5Cn">πλευρὰν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="stratopedei%2Fas">στρατοπεδείας</w>.
<w lemma="a%29naklhqe%2Fntwn">ἀνακληθέντων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frois">ἑκατέροις</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnwn">εὐζώνων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpou">τόπου</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sa%2Flpiggos">σάλπιγγος</w>, <w lemma="sunalala%2Fcasai">συναλαλάξασαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katabalou%3Dsai">καταβαλοῦσαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sari%2Fsas">σαρίσας</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fballon">συνέβαλλον</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flagges">φάλαγγες</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flais">ἀλλήλαις</w>.
<w lemma="a%29gw%3Dnos">ἀγῶνος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="krataiou%3D">κραταιοῦ</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fda">πόδα</w> <w lemma="poioume%2Fnwn">ποιουμένων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29naxw%2Frhsin">ἀναχώρησιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="piezome%2Fnwn">πιεζομένων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakw%2Fnwn">Λακώνων</w> <w lemma="eu%29yuxi%2Fas">εὐψυχίας</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="e%29cwqoume%2Fnwn">ἐξωθουμένων</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Frous">βάρους</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcews">τάξεως</w>,
<w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgonon">Ἀντίγονον</w> <w lemma="sumfra%2Fcantes">συμφράξαντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sari%2Fsas">σαρίσας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xrhsa%2Fmenoi">χρησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pallh%2Flou">ἐπαλλήλου</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flaggos">φάλαγγος</w> <w lemma="i%29diw%2Fmati">ἰδιώματι</w>, <w lemma="bi%2Fa%7C">βίᾳ</w> <w lemma="prospeso%2Fntes">προσπεσόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fwsan">ἐξέωσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29xurwma%2Ftwn">ὀχυρωμάτων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllo">ἄλλο</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffeuge">ἔφευγε</w> <w lemma="protropa%2Fdhn">προτροπάδην</w> <w lemma="foneuo%2Fmenon:">φονευόμενον·</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnhs">Κλεομένης</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="e%28auto%5Cn">ἑαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29pexw%2Frhse">ἀπεχώρησε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalw%3Ds">ἀσφαλῶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aspa%2Frthn">Σπάρτην</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnhs">ἐπιγενομένης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nukto%5Cs">νυκτὸς</w> <w lemma="kataba%5Cs">καταβὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Agu%2Fqion">Γύθιον</w>, <w lemma="h%28toimasme%2Fnwn">ἡτοιμασμένων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="plou%3Dn">πλοῦν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fonos">πλείονος</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnou">χρόνου</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%3Dnon">συμβαῖνον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ph%3Dre">ἀπῆρε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndreian">Ἀλεξάνδρειαν</w>.
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<head>Defeat of Cleomenes</head>Simultaneously with these events the cavalry engagement was also being brought to a decision; in which all the Achaean cavalry, and especially Philopoemen, fought with conspicuous gallantry, for to them it was a contest for freedom. Philopoemen himself had his horse killed under him, and while fighting accordingly on foot received a severe wound through both his thighs. Meanwhile the two kings on the other hill Olympus began by bringing their light-armed troops and mercenaries into action, of which each of them had five thousand. Both the kings and their entire armies had a full view of this action, which was fought with great gallantry on both sides: the charges taking place sometimes in detachments, and at other times along the whole line, and an eager emulation being displayed between the several ranks, and even between individuals.<pb n="164" />But when Cleomenes saw that his brother's division was retreating, and that the cavalry in the low ground were on the point of doing the same, alarmed at the prospect of an attack at all points at once, he was compelled to demolish the palisade in his front, and to lead out his whole force in line by one side of his position. A recall was sounded on the bugle for the light-armed troops of both sides, who were on the ground between the two armies: and the phalanxes shouting their war cries, and with spears couched, charged each other. Then a fierce struggle arose: the Macedonians sometimes slowly giving ground and yielding to the superior courage of the soldiers of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>, and at another time the Lacedaemonians being forced to give way before the overpowering weight of the Macedonian phalanx. At length Antigonus ordered a charge in close order and in double phalanx; the enormous weight of this peculiar formation proved sufficient to finally dislodge the Lacedaemonians from their strongholds, and they fled in disorder and suffering severely as they went. Cleomenes himself, with a guard of cavalry, effected his retreat to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>: but the same night he went down to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Gythium&groupId=612&placeId=1127">Gythium</a>, where all preparations for crossing the sea had been made long before in case of mishap, and with his friends sailed to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alexandria&groupId=1063&placeId=1868">Alexandria</a>.
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Walbank Commentary