<w lemma="%2A%29epei%5C">Ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftw%7C">Ἀράτῳ</w> <w lemma="gegrafo%2Ftwn">γεγραφότων</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29ni%2Fois">ἐνίοις</w> <w lemma="a%29podoxh%3Ds">ἀποδοχῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29ciou%3Dtai">ἀξιοῦται</w> <w lemma="%2Afu%2Flarxos">Φύλαρχος</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntidocw%3Dn">ἀντιδοξῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="gra%2Ffwn">γράφων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w>,
<w lemma="xrh%2Fsimon">χρήσιμον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w>, <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%3Don">ἀναγκαῖον</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftw%7C">Ἀράτῳ</w> <w lemma="proh%7Crhme%2Fnois">προῃρημένοις</w> <w lemma="katakolouqei%3Dn">κατακολουθεῖν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akleomenikw%3Dn">Κλεομενικῶν</w>, <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="paralipei%3Dn">παραλιπεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fskepton">ἄσκεπτον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="yeu%3Ddos">ψεῦδος</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="suggra%2Fmmasin">συγγράμμασιν</w> <w lemma="i%29sodunamou%3Dn">ἰσοδυναμοῦν</w> <w lemma="a%29polei%2Fpwmen">ἀπολείπωμεν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lh%2Fqeian">ἀλήθειαν</w>.
<w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="suggrafeu%5Cs">συγγραφεὺς</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pragmatei%2Fan">πραγματείαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29kh%3D%7C">εἰκῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftuxen">ἔτυχεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Frhken">εἴρηκεν</w>.
<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fsws">ἴσως</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%3Don">ἀναγκαῖον</w> <w lemma="e%29pitima%3Dn">ἐπιτιμᾶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29cakribou%3Dn:">ἐξακριβοῦν·</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunepiba%2Fllei">συνεπιβάλλει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28f%27">ὑφ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28mw%3Dn">ἡμῶν</w> <w lemma="grafome%2Fnois">γραφομένοις</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> — <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akleomeniko%5Cn">Κλεομενικὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> — <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%3Do%2Fn">ἀναγκαῖόν</w> <w lemma="e%29stin">ἐστιν</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="dieukrinei%3Dn">διευκρινεῖν</w>.
<w lemma="e%29%2Fstai">ἔσται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntws">πάντως</w> <w lemma="a%29rkou%3Dnta">ἀρκοῦντα</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="pragmatei%2Fa%7C">πραγματείᾳ</w> <w lemma="katamaqei%3Dn">καταμαθεῖν</w>.
<w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="diasafei%3Dn">διασαφεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="w%29mo%2Fthta">ὠμότητα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antigo%2Fnou">Ἀντιγόνου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftou">Ἀράτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w>, <w lemma="fhsi%5C">φησὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Amantine%2Fas">Μαντινέας</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnous">γενομένους</w> <w lemma="u%28poxeiri%2Fous">ὑποχειρίους</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flois">μεγάλοις</w> <w lemma="peripesei%3Dn">περιπεσεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxh%2Fmasi">ἀτυχήμασι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxaiota%2Fthn">ἀρχαιοτάτην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsthn">μεγίστην</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadi%2Fan">Ἀρκαδίαν</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Ftais">τηλικαύταις</w> <w lemma="palai%3Dsai">παλαῖσαι</w> <w lemma="sumforai%3Ds">συμφοραῖς</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fstasin">ἐπίστασιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="da%2Fkrua">δάκρυα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w> <w lemma="a%29gagei%3Dn">ἀγαγεῖν</w>.
<w lemma="spouda%2Fzwn">σπουδάζων</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fleon">ἔλεον</w> <w lemma="e%29kkalei%3Dsqai">ἐκκαλεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29naginw%2Fskontas">ἀναγινώσκοντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumpaqei%3Ds">συμπαθεῖς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnois">λεγομένοις</w>, <w lemma="ei%29sa%2Fgei">εἰσάγει</w> <w lemma="periploka%5Cs">περιπλοκὰς</w> <w lemma="gunaikw%3Dn">γυναικῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ko%2Fmas">κόμας</w> <w lemma="dierrimme%2Fnas">διερριμμένας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mastw%3Dn">μαστῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kbola%2Fs">ἐκβολάς</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="da%2Fkrua">δάκρυα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qrh%2Fnous">θρήνους</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gunaikw%3Dn">γυναικῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nami%5Cc">ἀναμὶξ</w> <w lemma="te%2Fknois">τέκνοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="goneu%3Dsi">γονεῦσι</w> <w lemma="ghraioi%3Ds">γηραιοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29pagome%2Fnwn">ἀπαγομένων</w>. <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w>,
<w lemma="peirw%2Fmenos">πειρώμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmw%3Dn">ὀφθαλμῶν</w> <w lemma="tiqe%2Fnai">τιθέναι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="deina%2F">δεινά</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29genne%5Cs">ἀγεννὲς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gunaikw%3Ddes">γυναικῶδες</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ai%28re%2Fsews">αἱρέσεως</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="parei%2Fsqw">παρείσθω</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%3Don">οἰκεῖον</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fsimon">χρήσιμον</w> <w lemma="e%29cetaze%2Fsqw">ἐξεταζέσθω</w>.
<w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29piplh%2Fttein">ἐπιπλήττειν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fa">συγγραφέα</w> <w lemma="terateuo%2Fmenon">τερατευόμενον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29ntugxa%2Fnontas">ἐντυγχάνοντας</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29ndexome%2Fnous">ἐνδεχομένους</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w> <w lemma="zhtei%3Dn">ζητεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="parepo%2Fmena">παρεπόμενα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pokeime%2Fnois">ὑποκειμένοις</w> <w lemma="e%29cariqmei%3Dsqai">ἐξαριθμεῖσθαι</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tragw%7Cdiogra%2Ffoi">τραγῳδιογράφοι</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="praxqe%2Fntwn">πραχθέντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="r%28hqe%2Fntwn">ῥηθέντων</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lh%2Fqeian">ἀλήθειαν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="mnhmoneu%2Fein">μνημονεύειν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fmpan">πάμπαν</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%5Cn">κἂν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnu">πάνυ</w> <w lemma="me%2Ftria">μέτρια</w> <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnwsin">τυγχάνωσιν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tragw%7Cdi%2Fas">τραγῳδίας</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="tau%29to%2Fn">ταὐτόν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%29nanti%2Fon">τοὐναντίον</w>. <w lemma="e%29kei%3D">ἐκεῖ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="piqanwta%2Ftwn">πιθανωτάτων</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgwn">λόγων</w> <w lemma="e%29kplh%3Dcai">ἐκπλῆξαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="yuxagwgh%3Dsai">ψυχαγωγῆσαι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fontas">ἀκούοντας</w>, <w lemma="e%29nqa%2Fde">ἐνθάδε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinw%3Dn">ἀληθινῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgwn">λόγων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="dida%2Fcai">διδάξαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pei%3Dsai">πεῖσαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="filomaqou%3Dntas">φιλομαθοῦντας</w>,
<w lemma="e%29peidh%2Fper">ἐπειδήπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnois">ἐκείνοις</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28gei%3Dtai">ἡγεῖται</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="piqano%2Fn">πιθανόν</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%5Cn">κἂν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3D%7C">ᾖ</w> <w lemma="yeu%3Ddos">ψεῦδος</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fthn">ἀπάτην</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="qewme%2Fnwn">θεωμένων</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="ta%29lhqe%5Cs">τἀληθὲς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="w%29fe%2Fleian">ὠφέλειαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="filomaqou%2Fntwn">φιλομαθούντων</w>.
<w lemma="xwri%2Fs">χωρίς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstas">πλείστας</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29chgei%3Dtai">ἐξηγεῖται</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peripeteiw%3Dn">περιπετειῶν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="u%28potiqei%5Cs">ὑποτιθεὶς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ginome%2Fnois">γινομένοις</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29leei%3Dn">ἐλεεῖν</w> <w lemma="eu%29lo%2Fgws">εὐλόγως</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29rgi%2Fzesqai">ὀργίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kaqhko%2Fntws">καθηκόντως</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29deni%5C">οὐδενὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumbaino%2Fntwn">συμβαινόντων</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fs">τίς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="deino%5Cn">δεινὸν</w> <w lemma="h%28gei%3Dtai">ἡγεῖται</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fptesqai">τύπτεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqe%2Frous">ἐλευθέρους</w>; <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fmws">ὅμως</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxwn">ἄρχων</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkwn">ἀδίκων</w> <w lemma="xeirw%3Dn">χειρῶν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fqh%7C">πάθῃ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w>, <w lemma="dikai%2Fws">δικαίως</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnetai">κρίνεται</w> <w lemma="peponqe%2Fnai:">πεπονθέναι·</w> <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="diorqw%2Fsei">διορθώσει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="maqh%2Fsei">μαθήσει</w> <w lemma="tau%29to%5C">ταὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnhtai">γίνηται</w>, <w lemma="prose%2Fti">προσέτι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="timh%3Ds">τιμῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fritos">χάριτος</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fptontes">τύπτοντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqe%2Frous">ἐλευθέρους</w> <w lemma="a%29ciou%3Dntai">ἀξιοῦνται</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="poli%2Ftas">πολίτας</w> <w lemma="a%29pokteinu%2Fnai">ἀποκτεινύναι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Fbhma">ἀσέβημα</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fqetai">τίθεται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstwn">μεγίστων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fcion">ἄξιον</w> <w lemma="prosti%2Fmwn:">προστίμων·</w> <w lemma="kai%2Ftoi">καίτοι</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="profanw%3Ds">προφανῶς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kle%2Fpthn">κλέπτην</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="moixo%5Cn">μοιχὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29poktei%2Fnas">ἀποκτείνας</w> <w lemma="a%29qw%3D%7Co%2Fs">ἀθῷός</w> <w lemma="e%29stin">ἐστιν</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="prodo%2Fthn">προδότην</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tu%2Frannon">τύραννον</w> <w lemma="timw%3Dn">τιμῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proedrei%2Fas">προεδρείας</w> <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnei">τυγχάνει</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w>.
<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="panti%5C">παντὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="dialh%2Fyews">διαλήψεως</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="teloume%2Fnois">τελουμένοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fais">αἰτίαις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsesi">προαιρέσεσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pratto%2Fntwn">πραττόντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="diaforai%3Ds">διαφοραῖς</w>.
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<head>The Credibility of Phylarchus</head>For the history of the same period, with which we are<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note124">Digression (to<ref target="b2c63" targOrder="U">ch. 63</ref>) on the misstatements of Phylarchus.</note>now engaged, there are two authorities, Aratus and Phylarchus,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note125">Phylarchus, said by some to be a native of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athens&groupId=379&placeId=715">Athens</a>, by others of Naucratis, and by others again of Sicyon, wrote, among other things, a history in twenty-eight books from the expedition of Pyrrhus into the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a> (B.C. 272) to the death of Cleomenes. He was a fervent admirer of Cleomenes, and therefore probably wrote in a partisan spirit; yet in the matter of the outrage upon <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Mantinea&groupId=731&placeId=1339">Mantinea</a>, Polybius himself is not free from the same charge. See Mueller's<title>Histor. Graec.</title>fr. lxxvii.-lxxxi. Plutarch, though admitting Phylarchus's tendency to exaggeration (<bibl n="Plut. Arat. 38" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Arat.</title>38</bibl>), yet uses his authority both in his life of Aratus and of Cleomenes; and in the case of Aristomachus says that he was both racked and drowned (<bibl n="Plut. Arat. 44" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Arat.</title>44</bibl>).</note>whose opinions are opposed in many points and their statements contradictory. I think, therefore, it will be advantageous, or rather necessary, since I follow Aratus in my account of the Cleomenic war, to go into the question; and not by any neglect on my part to suffer mis-statements in historical<pb n="151" />writings to enjoy an authority equal to that of truth. The fact is that the latter of these two writers has, throughout the whole of his history, made statements at random and without discrimination. It is not, however, necessary for me to criticise him on other points on the present occasion, or to call him to strict account concerning them; but such of his statements as relate to the period which I have now in hand, that is the Cleomenic war, these I must thoroughly sift. They will be quite sufficient to enable us to form a judgment on the general spirit and ability with which he approaches historical writing.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note126"><a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Mantinea&groupId=731&placeId=1339">Mantinea</a>.</note>It was his object to bring into prominence the cruelty of Antigonus and the Macedonians, as well as that of Aratus and the Achaeans; and he accordingly asserts that, when <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Mantinea&groupId=731&placeId=1339">Mantinea</a> fell into their hands, it was cruelly treated; and that the most ancient and important of all the Arcadian towns was involved in calamities so terrible as to move all Greece to horror and tears. And being eager to stir the hearts of his readers to pity, and to enlist their sympathies by his story, he talks of women embracing, tearing their hair, and exposing their breasts; and again of the tears and lamentations of men and women, led off into captivity along with their children and aged parents. And this he does again and again throughout his whole history, by way of bringing the terrible scene vividly before his readers. I say nothing of the unworthiness and unmanliness of the course he has adopted: let us only inquire what is essential and to the purpose in history. Surely an historian's object should not be to amaze his readers by a series of thrilling anecdotes; nor should he aim at producing speeches which<emph>might</emph>have been delivered, nor study dramatic propriety in details like a writer of tragedy: but his function is above all to record with fidelity what was actually said or done, however commonplace it may be. For the purposes of history and of the drama are not the same, but widely opposed to each other. In the former the object is to strike and delight by words as true to nature as possible; in the latter to instruct and convince by genuine words and deeds; in the former the effect is meant to be temporary, in the latter permanent.<note anchored="yes" resp="fww" place="unspecified" id="note127">lines 34 and 36: "former" and "latter" should be reversed in these two sentences.</note>In the former, again, the power of carrying an audience is the chief excellence. because the object<pb n="152" />is to create illusion; but in the latter the thing of primary importance is truth, because the object is to benefit the learner. And apart from these considerations, Phylarchus, in most of the catastrophes which he relates, omits to suggest the causes which gave rise to them, or the course of events which led up to them: and without knowing these, it is impossible to feel the due indignation or pity at anything which occurs. For instance, everybody looks upon it as an outrage that the free should be struck: still, if a man provokes it by an act of violence, he is considered to have got no more than he deserved; and, where it is done for correction and discipline, those who strike free men are deemed worthy of honour and gratitude. Again, the killing of a fellow-citizen is regarded as a heinous crime, deserving the severest penalties: and yet it is notorious that the man who kills a thief, or his wife's paramour, is held guiltless; while he who kills a traitor or tyrant in every country receives honours and pre-eminence. And so in everything our final judgment does not depend upon the mere things done, but upon their causes and the views of the actors, according as these differ.
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Walbank Commentary