Polybius, Histories

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Book 2 - Chapter 52

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<w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstewn">πίστεων</w> <w lemma="e%29piske%2Fyews">ἐπισκέψεως</w>. <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnhs">Κλεομένης</w> <w lemma="kataplhca%2Fmenos">καταπληξάμενος</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="eu%29tuxh%2Fmasi">εὐτυχήμασι</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29peporeu%2Feto">ἐπεπορεύετο</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>, <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pei%2Fqwn">πείθων</w> <w lemma="ai%28%3Ds">αἷς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w> <w lemma="a%29nateino%2Fmenos">ἀνατεινόμενος</w>. <w lemma="proslabw%5Cn">προσλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="%2Akafu%2Fas">Καφύας</w>,
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<w lemma="%2Apellh%2Fnhn">Πελλήνην</w>, <w lemma="%2Afeneo%2Fn">Φενεόν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fargos">Ἄργος</w>, <w lemma="%2Afliou%3Dnta">Φλιοῦντα</w>, <w lemma="%2Aklewna%2Fs">Κλεωνάς</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29epi%2Fdauron">Ἐπίδαυρον</w>, <w lemma="%2A%28ermio%2Fna">Ἑρμιόνα</w>, <w lemma="%2Atroi%2Fzhna">Τροίζηνα</w>, <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w> <w lemma="%2Ako%2Frinqon">Κόρινθον</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prosestratope%2Fdeuse">προσεστρατοπέδευσε</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikuwni%2Fwn">Σικυωνίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fluse">ἀπέλυσε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstou">μεγίστου</w> <w lemma="problh%2Fmatos">προβλήματος</w>.
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Akorinqi%2Fwn">Κορινθίων</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftw%7C">Ἀράτῳ</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3Dnti">στρατηγοῦντι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%3Ds">Ἀχαιοῖς</w> <w lemma="paraggeila%2Fntwn">παραγγειλάντων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="a%29palla%2Fttesqai">ἀπαλλάττεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnh">Κλεομένη</w> <w lemma="diapempome%2Fnwn">διαπεμπομένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kalou%2Fntwn">καλούντων</w>, <w lemma="paredo%2Fqh">παρεδόθη</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%3Ds">Ἀχαιοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%5C">ἀφορμὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Ffasis">πρόφασις</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Flogos">εὔλογος</w>.
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<w lemma="h%28%3Ds">ἧς</w> <w lemma="e%29pilabo%2Fmenos">ἐπιλαβόμενος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faratos">Ἄρατος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="protei%2Fnas">προτείνας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antigo%2Fnw%7C">Ἀντιγόνῳ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29akroko%2Frinqon">Ἀκροκόρινθον</w>, <w lemma="katexo%2Fntwn">κατεχόντων</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fluse">ἔλυσε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gegono%5Cs">γεγονὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fgklhma">ἔγκλημα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fan">οἰκίαν</w>, <w lemma="i%28kanh%5Cn">ἱκανὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fsxeto">παρέσχετο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllonta">μέλλοντα</w> <w lemma="koinwni%2Fas">κοινωνίας</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fxon">συνέχον</w>, <w lemma="o%28rmhth%2Frion">ὁρμητήριον</w> <w lemma="pareskeu%2Fasen">παρεσκεύασεν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antigo%2Fnw%7C">Ἀντιγόνῳ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnhs">Κλεομένης</w> <w lemma="e%29pignou%5Cs">ἐπιγνοὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="suntiqeme%2Fnous">συντιθεμένους</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgonon">Ἀντίγονον</w>, <w lemma="a%29nazeu%2Fcas">ἀναζεύξας</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikuw%3Dnos">Σικυῶνος</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeuse">κατεστρατοπέδευσε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29isqmo%2Fn">Ἰσθμόν</w>, <w lemma="dialabw%5Cn">διαλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraki">χάρακι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Ffrw%7C">τάφρῳ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29akrokori%2Fnqou">Ἀκροκορίνθου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29onei%2Fwn">Ὀνείων</w> <w lemma="kaloume%2Fnwn">καλουμένων</w> <w lemma="o%29rw%3Dn">ὀρῶν</w>, <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="bebai%2Fws">βεβαίως</w> <w lemma="perieilhfw%5Cs">περιειληφὼς</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fsi">ἐλπίσι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnhsi%2Fwn">Πελοποννησίων</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgonos">Ἀντίγονος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flai">πάλαι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%3D%7C">παρασκευῇ</w>, <w lemma="karadokw%3Dn">καραδοκῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllon">μέλλον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="u%28poqe%2Fseis">ὑποθέσεις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftou:">Ἀράτου·</w>
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<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sullogizo%2Fmenos">συλλογιζόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prospipto%2Fntwn">προσπιπτόντων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fpw">οὔπω</w> <w lemma="parei%3Dnai">παρεῖναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnh">Κλεομένη</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqettali%2Fan">Θετταλίαν</w>, <w lemma="diapemya%2Fmenos">διαπεμψάμενος</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faraton">Ἄρατον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="w%28mologhme%2Fnwn">ὡμολογημένων</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dken">ἧκεν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29boi%2Fas">Εὐβοίας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29isqmo%2Fn">Ἰσθμόν</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%5C">Αἰτωλοὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenoi">βουλόμενοι</w> <w lemma="kwlu%3Dsai">κωλῦσαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgonon">Ἀντίγονον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="bohqei%2Fas">βοηθείας</w>, <w lemma="a%29pei%3Dpon">ἀπεῖπον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="poreu%2Fesqai">πορεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="e%29nto%5Cs">ἐντὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Apulw%3Dn:">Πυλῶν·</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%2F">μή</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="kwlu%2Fsousi">κωλύσουσι</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fodon">δίοδον</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgonos">Ἀντίγονος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnhs">Κλεομένης</w> <w lemma="a%29ntestratope%2Fdeuon">ἀντεστρατοπέδευον</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29selqei%3Dn">εἰσελθεῖν</w> <w lemma="spouda%2Fzwn">σπουδάζων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Apelopo%2Fnnhson">Πελοπόννησον</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnhs">Κλεομένης</w> <w lemma="kwlu%3Dsai">κωλῦσαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w>
<head>Antigonus Doson at the Isthmus</head>Meanwhile, on the strength of the dismay caused by<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note115">The Achaeans offer to surrender the Acrocorinthus to Antigonus.</note>his successes, Cleomenes was making an unopposed progress through the cities, winning some by persuasion and others by threats. In this way he got possession of Caphyae, Pellene, Pheneus, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Argos&groupId=361&placeId=689">Argos</a>, Phlius, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cleonae&groupId=478&placeId=896">Cleonae</a>, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Epidaurus&groupId=572&placeId=1070">Epidaurus</a>, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Hermione&groupId=629&placeId=1159">Hermione</a>, Troezen, and last of all <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corinth&groupId=493&placeId=928">Corinth</a>, while he personally commanded a siege of Sicyon. But this in reality relieved the Achaeans from a very grave difficulty. For the Corinthians by ordering<pb n="147" />Aratus, as Strategus of the league, and the Achaeans to evacuate the town, and by sending messages to Cleomenes inviting his presence, gave the Achaeans a ground of action and a reasonable pretext for moving. Aratus was quick to take advantage of this; and, as the Achaeans were in actual possession of the Acrocorinthus, he made his peace with the royal family of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> by offering it to Antigonus; and at the same time gave thus a sufficient guarantee for friendship in the future, and further secured Antigonus a base of operations for the war with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>.Upon learning of this compact between the league and<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note116">Cleomenes prepares to resist.</note>Antigonus, Cleomenes raised the siege of Sicyon and pitched his camp near the Isthmus; and, having thrown up a line of fortification uniting the Acrocorinthus with the mountain called the "Ass's Back," began from this time to expect with confidence the empire of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>. But Antigonus had made his preparations long in advance, in accordance with the suggestion of Aratus, and was only waiting for the right moment to act.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note117">Antigonus comes to the Isthmus, B. C. 224.</note>And now the news which he received convinced him that the entrance of Cleomenes into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a>, at the head of an army, was only a question of a very few days: he accordingly despatched envoys to Aratus and the league to conclude the terms of the treaty<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note118">The treaty, besides securing the surrender of the Acrocorinthus, provided that no embassy should be sent to any other king without the consent of Antigonus, and that the Achaeans should supply food and pay for the Macedonian army of relief. Solemn sacrifices and games were also established in his honour, and kept up long after his death at Sicyon, see<ref target="b28c19" targOrder="U">28, 19</ref>;<ref target="b30c23" targOrder="U">30, 23</ref>.<bibl n="Plut. Arat. 45" default="NO" valid="yes">Plutarch,<title>Arat.</title>45</bibl>. The conduct of Aratus in thus bringing the Macedonians into the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a> has been always attacked (see<bibl n="Plut. Cleom. 16" default="NO" valid="yes">Plut.<title>Cleom.</title>16</bibl>). It is enough here to say that our judgment as to it must depend greatly on our view of the designs and character of Cleomenes.</note>and marched to the Isthmus with his army by way of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Euboea&groupId=584&placeId=1091">Euboea</a>. He took this route because the Aetolians, after trying other expedients for preventing Antigonus bringing this aid, now forbade his marching south of Thermopylae with an army, threatening that, if he did, they would offer armed opposition to his passage.