<w lemma="%2Aei%29%2Fkosi">Εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fth">ἔτη</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dta">πρῶτα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="sunepoliteu%2Fsanto">συνεπολιτεύσαντο</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnai">προειρημέναι</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>, <w lemma="grammate%2Fa">γραμματέα</w> <w lemma="koino%5Cn">κοινὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="perio%2Fdou">περιόδου</w> <w lemma="proxeirizo%2Fmenai">προχειριζόμεναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="strathgou%2Fs">στρατηγούς</w>.
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdocen">ἔδοξεν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fna">ἕνα</w> <w lemma="kaqista%2Fnein">καθιστάνειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="pisteu%2Fein">πιστεύειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w>. <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dtos">πρῶτος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftuxe">ἔτυχε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="timh%3Ds">τιμῆς</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frgos">Μάργος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Akaruneu%2Fs">Καρυνεύς</w>.
<w lemma="teta%2Frtw%7C">τετάρτῳ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fsteron">ὕστερον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftei">ἔτει</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnou">προειρημένου</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3Dntos">στρατηγοῦντος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faratos">Ἄρατος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikuw%2Fnios">Σικυώνιος</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fth">ἔτη</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w>, <w lemma="turannoume%2Fnhn">τυραννουμένην</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqerw%2Fsas">ἐλευθερώσας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29reth%3Ds">ἀρετῆς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%3D">ἑαυτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flmhs">τόλμης</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fneime">προσένειμε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fan">πολιτείαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Dqen">ἀρχῆθεν</w> <w lemma="eu%29qu%5Cs">εὐθὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29rasth%5Cs">ἐραστὴς</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenos">γενόμενος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsews">προαιρέσεως</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>.
<w lemma="o%29gdo%2Fw%7C">ὀγδόῳ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftei">ἔτει</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="ai%28reqei%5Cs">αἱρεθεὶς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="deu%2Fteron">δεύτερον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pracikoph%2Fsas">πραξικοπήσας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29akroko%2Frinqon">Ἀκροκόρινθον</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29antigo%2Fnou">Ἀντιγόνου</w> <w lemma="kurieu%2Fontos">κυριεύοντος</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenos">γενόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29gkrath%5Cs">ἐγκρατὴς</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flou">μεγάλου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fluse">ἀπέλυσε</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbou">φόβου</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Apelopo%2Fnnhson">Πελοπόννησον</w> <w lemma="katoikou%3Dntas">κατοικοῦντας</w>, <w lemma="e%29leuqerw%2Fsas">ἐλευθερώσας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akorinqi%2Fous">Κορινθίους</w> <w lemma="proshga%2Fgeto">προσηγάγετο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fan">πολιτείαν</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amegare%2Fwn">Μεγαρέων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="diapraca%2Fmenos">διαπραξάμενος</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fneime">προσένειμε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%3Ds">Ἀχαιοῖς</w>.
<w lemma="tau%3Dta%2F">ταῦτά</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftei">ἔτει</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Ftths">ἥττης</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="e%29kxwrh%2Fsantes">ἐκχωρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Fmeinan">ὑπέμειναν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="fo%2Frous">φόρους</w> <w lemma="e%29negkei%3Dn">ἐνεγκεῖν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>.
<w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prokoph%5Cn">προκοπὴν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsas">ποιήσας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgw%7C">ὀλίγῳ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnw%7C">χρόνῳ</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="diete%2Flei">διετέλει</w> <w lemma="prostatw%3Dn">προστατῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnous">ἔθνους</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cn">ἓν</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="a%29nafe%2Frwn:">ἀναφέρων·</w>
<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnas">Μακεδόνας</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29kbalei%3Dn">ἐκβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsou">Πελοποννήσου</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="monarxi%2Fas">μοναρχίας</w> <w lemma="katalu%3Dsai">καταλῦσαι</w>, <w lemma="bebaiw%3Dsai">βεβαιῶσαι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="koinh%5Cn">κοινὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Ftrion">πάτριον</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fan">ἐλευθερίαν</w>.
<w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgonos">Ἀντίγονος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Agonata%3Ds">Γονατᾶς</w>, <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="polupragmosu%2Fnhn">πολυπραγμοσύνην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="pleoneci%2Fan">πλεονεξίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntitatto%2Fmenos">ἀντιταττόμενος</w> <w lemma="diete%2Flei">διετέλει</w>,
<w lemma="pragmatikw%3Ds">πραγματικῶς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkasta">ἕκαστα</w> <w lemma="xeiri%2Fzwn">χειρίζων</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="proba%2Fntwn">προβάντων</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frwn">ἀμφοτέρων</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fas">ἀδικίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flmhs">τόλμης</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flous">ἀλλήλους</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w>
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<head>Margos First Sole Strategus</head>For the first twenty-five years of the league between the cities I have mentioned, a secretary and two strategi for the whole union were elected by each city in turn. But after this period they determined to appoint one strategus only,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note98">There was still an under-strategus (<foreign lang="greek">ὑποστρατηγὸς</foreign>), see<ref target="b5c94" targOrder="U">5, 94</ref>;<ref target="b23c16" targOrder="U">23, 16</ref>;<ref target="b30c11" targOrder="U">30, 11</ref>. But he was entirely subordinate, and did not even succeed to power on the death of a strategus during the year of office, as the vice-president in America does.</note>and put the entire<pb n="139" />management of the affairs of the union in his hands.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note99">B. C. 255-254. Margos. B. C. 251-250. Aratus.</note>The first to obtain this honour was Margos of Caryneia. In the fourth year after this man's tenure of the office, Aratus of Sicyon caused his city to join the league, which, by his energy and courage, he had, when only twenty years of age, delivered from the yoke of its tyrant.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note100">B. C. 243-242.</note>In the eighth year again after this, Aratus, being elected strategus for the second time, laid a plot to seize the Acrocorinthus, then held by Antigonus; and by his success freed the inhabitants of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a> from a source of serious alarm: and having thus liberated <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corinth&groupId=493&placeId=928">Corinth</a> he caused it to join the league.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note101">Victory of Lutatius off the insulae Aegates, B. C. 241.</note>In his same term of office he got <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megara&groupId=746&placeId=1361">Megara</a> into his hands, and caused it to join also. These events occurred in the year before the decisive defeat of the Carthaginians, in consequence of which they evacuated <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> and consented for the first time to pay tribute to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>.Having made this remarkable progress in his design in so short a time, Aratus continued thenceforth in the position of leader-of the Achaean league, and in the consistent direction of his whole policy to one single end; which was to expel Macedonians from the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, to depose the despots, and to establish in each state the common freedom which their ancestors had enjoyed before them.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note102">Antigonus Gonatas, B. C. 283-239</note>So long, therefore, as Antigonus Gonatas was alive, he maintained a continual opposition to his interference, as well as to the encroaching spirit of the Aetolians, and in both cases with signal skill and success; although their presumption and contempt for justice had risen to such a pitch, that they had actually made a formal compact with each other for the disruption of the Achaeans.
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Walbank Commentary