Polybius, Histories

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Book 2 - Chapter 41

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<w lemma="%2A%29olumpia%5Cs">Ὀλυμπιὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="ei%29kosth%5C">εἰκοστὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="teta%2Frth">τετάρτη</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28kato%2Fn">ἑκατόν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="%2Apatrei%3Ds">Πατρεῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Frcanto">ἤρξαντο</w> <w lemma="sumfronei%3Dn">συμφρονεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adumai%3Doi">Δυμαῖοι</w>,
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<w lemma="kairoi%5C">καιροὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Ala%2Fgou">Λάγου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alusi%2Fmaxos">Λυσίμαχος</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ase%2Fleukos">Σέλευκος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Akerauno%5Cs">Κεραυνὸς</w> <w lemma="meth%2Fllacan">μετήλλαξαν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w>. <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnhn">προειρημένην</w> <w lemma="o%29lumpia%2Fda">ὀλυμπιάδα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dn">ζῆν</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Flipon">ἐξέλιπον</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29nw%2Fteron">ἀνώτερον</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnous">χρόνους</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fth">τοιαύτη</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnon">προειρημένον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnos">ἔθνος</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fqesis">διάθεσις</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Atisamenou%3D">Τισαμενοῦ</w> <w lemma="basileuqe%2Fntes">βασιλευθέντες</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ore%2Fstou">Ὀρέστου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ui%28o%2Fs">υἱός</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hrakleidw%3Dn">Ἡρακλειδῶν</w> <w lemma="ka%2Fqodon">κάθοδον</w> <w lemma="e%29kpesw%5Cn">ἐκπεσὼν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aspa%2Frths">Σπάρτης</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsxe">κατέσχε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axai+%2Fan">Ἀχαΐαν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="%2A%29wgu%2Fgou">Ὠγύγου</w> <w lemma="basileuqe%2Fntes">βασιλευθέντες</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="dusaresth%2Fsantes">δυσαρεστήσαντες</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnou">προειρημένου</w> <w lemma="paisi%5Cn">παισὶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fmws">νομίμως</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="despotikw%3Ds">δεσποτικῶς</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxein">ἄρχειν</w>, <w lemma="mete%2Fsthsan">μετέστησαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="dhmokrati%2Fan">δημοκρατίαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fan">πολιτείαν</w>.
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<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnous">χρόνους</w> <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrou">Ἀλεξάνδρου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas">δυναστείας</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllote">ἄλλοτε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllws">ἄλλως</w> <w lemma="e%29xw%2Frei">ἐχώρει</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmat%27">πράγματ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fseis">περιστάσεις</w>, <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="koino%5Cn">κοινὸν</w> <w lemma="poli%2Fteuma">πολίτευμα</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fkamen">εἰρήκαμεν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="dhmokrati%2Fa%7C">δημοκρατίᾳ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fxein">συνέχειν</w> <w lemma="e%29peirw%3Dnto">ἐπειρῶντο</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="dw%2Fdeka">δώδεκα</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="diame%2Fnein">διαμένειν</w>, <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29wle%2Fnou">Ὠλένου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28eli%2Fkhs">Ἑλίκης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aleuktrikw%3Dn">Λευκτρικῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="katapoqei%2Fshs:">καταποθείσης·</w>
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<w lemma="au%28%3Dtai">αὗται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29si%5Cn">εἰσὶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Ftrai">Πάτραι</w>, <w lemma="%2Adu%2Fmh">Δύμη</w>, <w lemma="%2Afarai%2F">Φαραί</w>, <w lemma="%2Atritai%2Fa">Τριταία</w>, <w lemma="%2Aleo%2Fntion">Λεόντιον</w>, <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fgion">Αἴγιον</w>, <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fgeira">Αἴγειρα</w>, <w lemma="%2Apellh%2Fnh">Πελλήνη</w>, <w lemma="%2Abou%3Dra">Βοῦρα</w>, <w lemma="%2Akaru%2Fneia">Καρύνεια</w>.
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<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28ste%2Frous">ὑστέρους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandron">Ἀλέξανδρον</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w>, <w lemma="prote%2Frous">προτέρους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="r%28hqei%2Fshs">ῥηθείσης</w> <w lemma="o%29lumpia%2Fdos">ὀλυμπιάδος</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="diafora%5Cn">διαφορὰν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaxeci%2Fan">καχεξίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fpeson">ἐνέπεσον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fas">Μακεδονίας</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fwn">βασιλέων</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="xwrisqei%2Fsas">χωρισθείσας</w> <w lemma="a%29f%27">ἀφ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fws">ἐναντίως</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sumfe%2Fron">συμφέρον</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flais">ἀλλήλαις</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fpese">συνέπεσε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29mfrou%2Frous">ἐμφρούρους</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmhtri%2Fou">Δημητρίου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akassa%2Fndrou">Κασσάνδρου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antigo%2Fnou">Ἀντιγόνου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Agonata%3D">Γονατᾶ</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="turannei%3Dsqai:">τυραννεῖσθαι·</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstous">πλείστους</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="mona%2Frxous">μονάρχους</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="e%29mfuteu%3Dsai">ἐμφυτεῦσαι</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsi">Ἕλλησι</w>.
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<w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29kosth%5Cn">εἰκοστὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="teta%2Frthn">τετάρτην</w> <w lemma="o%29lumpia%2Fda">ὀλυμπιάδα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28kato%2Fn">ἑκατόν</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29pa%2Fnw">ἐπάνω</w> <w lemma="proei%3Dpon">προεῖπον</w>, <w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Frcanto">ἤρξαντο</w> <w lemma="metanoh%2Fsantes">μετανοήσαντες</w> <w lemma="sumfronei%3Dn">συμφρονεῖν</w>. <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Apu%2Frrou">Πύρρου</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dtoi">πρῶτοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fsthsan">συνέστησαν</w> <w lemma="%2Adumai%3Doi">Δυμαῖοι</w>, <w lemma="%2Apatrei%3Ds">Πατρεῖς</w>, <w lemma="%2Atritaiei%3Ds">Τριταιεῖς</w>, <w lemma="%2Afaraiei%3Ds:">Φαραιεῖς·</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="sth%2Flhn">στήλην</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sumpolitei%2Fas">συμπολιτείας</w>.
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista%2F">μάλιστά</w> <w lemma="pws">πως</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftei">ἔτει</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmptw%7C">πέμπτῳ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cn">φρουρὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29kbalo%2Fntes">ἐκβαλόντες</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29giei%3Ds">Αἰγιεῖς</w> <w lemma="mete%2Fsxon">μετέσχον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sumpolitei%2Fas:">συμπολιτείας·</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="%2Abou%2Frioi">Βούριοι</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tu%2Frannon">τύραννον</w> <w lemma="a%29poktei%2Fnantes">ἀποκτείναντες</w>.
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="%2Akarunei%3Ds">Καρυνεῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29pokate%2Fsthsan">ἀποκατέστησαν</w>. <w lemma="sunidw%5Cn">συνιδὼν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ise%2Fas">Ἰσέας</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarunei%2Fas">Καρυνείας</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="turanneu%2Fwn">τυραννεύων</w> <w lemma="e%29kpeptwkui%3Dan">ἐκπεπτωκυῖαν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29gi%2Fou">Αἰγίου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="froura%2Fn">φρουράν</w>, <w lemma="a%29polwlo%2Fta">ἀπολωλότα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Abou%2Fra%7C">Βούρᾳ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnarxon">μόναρχον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frgou">Μάργου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%28auto%5Cn">ἑαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w> <w lemma="o%28rw%3Dn">ὁρῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="polemhqhso%2Fmenon">πολεμηθησόμενον</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29poqe%2Fmenos">ἀποθέμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pista%5C">πιστὰ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fqhke">προσέθηκε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fsthma">σύστημα</w>.
<head>The Second League</head>The period I mean is the 124th Olympiad. In this<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note93">124th Olympiad, B. C. 284-280.</note>occurred the first league of Patrae and Dyme, and the deaths of Ptolemy son of Lagus, Lysimachus, Seleucus, Ptolemy Ceraunus. In<pb n="137" />the period before this the state of Achaia was as follows. It was ruled by kings from the time of Tisamenus, son of Orestes, who, being expelled from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a> on the return of the Heraclidae, formed a kingdom in Achaia. The last of this royal line to maintain his power was <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ogyges&groupId=205&placeId=453">Ogyges</a>, whose sons so alienated the people by their unconstitutional and tyrannical government, that a revolution took place and a democracy was established.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note94">First Achaean league.</note>In the period subsequent to this, up to the time of the establishment of the supreme authority of Alexander and Philip, their fortunes were subject to various fluctuations, but they always endeavoured to maintain intact in their league a democratical form of government, as I have already stated. This league consisted of twelve cities, all of them still surviving, with the exception of Olenus, and Helice which was engulfed by the sea before the battle of Leuctra.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note95">B. C. 371.</note>The other ten were Patrae, Dyme, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharae&groupId=878&placeId=1582">Pharae</a>, Tritaea, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Leontium&groupId=677&placeId=1239">Leontium</a>, Aegium, Aegeira, Pellene, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Bura&groupId=412&placeId=764">Bura</a>, Caryneia.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note96">B. C. 323-284.</note>In the period immediately succeeding Alexander, and before the above-named 124th Olympiad, these cities, chiefly through the instrumentality of the Macedonian kings, became so estranged and ill-disposed to each other, and so divided and opposed in their interests, that some of them had to submit to the presence of foreign garrisons, sent first by Demetrius and Cassander, and afterwards by Antigonus Gonatas, while others even fell under the power of Tyrants; for no one set up more of such absolute rulers in the Greek states than this last-named king.But about the 124th Olympiad, as I have said, a change<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note97">B. C. 284-280, Second Achaean league.</note>of sentiment prevailed among the Achaean cities, and they began again to form a league. This was just at the time of Pyrrhus's invasion of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>. The first to take this step were the peoples of Dyme, Patrae, Tritaea, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharae&groupId=878&placeId=1582">Pharae</a>. And as they thus formed the nucleus of the league, we find no column extant recording the compact between these cities. But about five years afterwards the people of Aegium expelled their foreign garrison and joined the league; next, the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Bura&groupId=412&placeId=764">Bura</a> put their tyrant to death and did the same; simultaneously,<pb n="138" />the state of Caryneia was restored to the league. For Iseas, the then tyrant of Caryneia, when he saw the expulsion of the garrison from Aegium, and the death of the despot in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Bura&groupId=412&placeId=764">Bura</a> at the hands of Margos and the Achaeans, and when he saw that he was himself on the point of being attacked on all sides, voluntarily laid down his office; and having obtained a guarantee for his personal safety from the Achaeans, formally gave in the adhesion of his city to the league.