Polybius, Histories

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Book 2 - Chapter 16

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<w lemma="menou%2Fshs">μενούσης</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fnos">χιόνος</w> <w lemma="a%29oi%2Fkhta">ἀοίκητα</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%2Fn">ἐστίν</w>. <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apenni%3Dnon">Ἀπεννῖνον</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="%2Amassali%2Fan">Μασσαλίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpeis">Ἄλπεις</w> <w lemma="sumptw%2Fsews">συμπτώσεως</w> <w lemma="%2Aligusti%3Dnoi">Λιγυστῖνοι</w> <w lemma="katoikou%3Dsin">κατοικοῦσιν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhniko%5Cn">Τυρρηνικὸν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flagos">πέλαγος</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="pleura%5Cn">πλευρὰν</w> <w lemma="keklime%2Fnhn">κεκλιμένην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w>,
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<w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="%2Api%2Fshs">Πίσης</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5C">ἣ</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fth">πρώτη</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhni%2Fas">Τυρρηνίας</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dusma%2Fs">δυσμάς</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="meso%2Fgaion">μεσόγαιον</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arrhti%2Fnwn">Ἀρρητίνων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w>.
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<w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhnoi%2F:">Τυρρηνοί·</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunexei%3Ds">συνεχεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fteron">ἑκάτερον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kli%2Fma">κλίμα</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fmontai">νέμονται</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="o%29rw%3Dn">ὀρῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fombroi">Ὄμβροι</w>.
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<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apenni%3Dnos">Ἀπεννῖνος</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxwn">ἀπέχων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan">Ἀδρίαν</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w> <w lemma="w%28sanei%5C">ὡσανεὶ</w> <w lemma="pentakosi%2Fous">πεντακοσίους</w> <w lemma="a%29polei%2Fpei">ἀπολείπει</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cs">δεξιὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29poneu%2Fwn">ἀπονεύων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fshs">μέσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="loiph%3Ds">λοιπῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fkwn">διήκων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeliko%5Cn">Σικελικὸν</w> <w lemma="katatei%2Fnei">κατατείνει</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flagos">πέλαγος</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29poleipo%2Fmenon">ἀπολειπόμενον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="pedino%5Cn">πεδινὸν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pleura%3Ds">πλευρᾶς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkei">καθήκει</w> <w lemma="%2Ash%2Fnhn">Σήνην</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fdos">Πάδος</w> <w lemma="potamo%2Fs">ποταμός</w>, <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="poihtw%3Dn">ποιητῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hridano%5Cs">Ἠριδανὸς</w> <w lemma="qrulou%2Fmenos">θρυλούμενος</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="phga%5Cs">πηγὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpewn">Ἄλπεων</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="korufh%5Cn">κορυφὴν</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnou">προειρημένου</w> <w lemma="sxh%2Fmatos">σχήματος</w>, <w lemma="katafe%2Fretai">καταφέρεται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w>, <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="r%28u%2Fsin">ῥύσιν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="meshmbri%2Fan">μεσημβρίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29fiko%2Fmenos">ἀφικόμενος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdous">ἐπιπέδους</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="e%29kkli%2Fnas">ἐκκλίνας</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="r%28eu%2Fmati">ῥεύματι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fw">ἕω</w> <w lemma="fe%2Fretai">φέρεται</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn:">αὐτῶν·</w> <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kbolh%5Cn">ἐκβολὴν</w> <w lemma="dusi%5C">δυσὶ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Fmasin">στόμασιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan">Ἀδρίαν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous:">τόπους·</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="a%29pote%2Fmnetai">ἀποτέμνεται</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pedia%2Fdos">πεδιάδος</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpeis">Ἄλπεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adriatiko%5Cn">Ἀδριατικὸν</w> <w lemma="muxo%2Fn">μυχόν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29%2Fgei">ἄγει</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fdatos">ὕδατος</w> <w lemma="ou%29deno%5Cs">οὐδενὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flatton">ἔλαττον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="potamw%3Dn">ποταμῶν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="r%28u%2Fseis">ῥύσεις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="neuou%2Fsas">νευούσας</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2F">ἀπό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpewn">Ἄλπεων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apenni%2Fnwn">Ἀπεννίνων</w> <w lemma="o%29rw%3Dn">ὀρῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29mpi%2Fptein">ἐμπίπτειν</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fsas">ἁπάσας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w>.
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<w lemma="megi%2Fstw%7C">μεγίστῳ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kalli%2Fstw%7C">καλλίστῳ</w> <w lemma="r%28eu%2Fmati">ῥεύματι</w> <w lemma="fe%2Fretai">φέρεται</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="kuno%5Cs">κυνὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pitolh%2Fn">ἐπιτολήν</w>, <w lemma="au%29co%2Fmenos">αὐξόμενος</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nathkome%2Fnwn">ἀνατηκομένων</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fnwn">χιόνων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fresin">ὄρεσιν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29naplei%3Dtai">ἀναπλεῖται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Fma">στόμα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kalou%2Fmenon">καλούμενον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Folana">Ὄλανα</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fous">δισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fous">σταδίους</w>.
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<w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="phgw%3Dn">πηγῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="r%28u%2Fsin">ῥύσιν</w> <w lemma="a%28plh%3Dn">ἁπλῆν</w>, <w lemma="sxi%2Fzetai">σχίζεται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnous">προσαγορευομένους</w> <w lemma="%2Atrigabo%2Flous:">Τριγαβόλους·</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="sto%2Fma">στόμα</w> <w lemma="prosonoma%2Fzetai">προσονομάζεται</w> <w lemma="%2Apado%2Fa">Παδόα</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Folana">Ὄλανα</w>.
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<w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="limh%2Fn">λιμήν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29deno%5Cs">οὐδενὸς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan">Ἀδρίαν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fttw">ἥττω</w> <w lemma="parexo%2Fmenos">παρεχόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="kaqormizome%2Fnois">καθορμιζομένοις</w>. <w lemma="para%2F">παρά</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29gxwri%2Fois">ἐγχωρίοις</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cs">ποταμὸς</w> <w lemma="prosagoreu%2Fetai">προσαγορεύεται</w> <w lemma="%2Abo%2Fdegkos">Βόδεγκος</w>.
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<w lemma="ta%29%2Flla">τἄλλα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="i%28storou%2Fmena">ἱστορούμενα</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsi">Ἕλλησι</w>, <w lemma="le%2Fgw">λέγω</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afae%2Fqonta">Φαέθοντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="ptw%3Dsin">πτῶσιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="da%2Fkrua">δάκρυα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%29gei%2Frwn">αἰγείρων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="melanei%2Fmonas">μελανείμονας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kou%3Dntas">οἰκοῦντας</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%2Fs">οὕς</w> <w lemma="fasi">φασι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29sqh%3Dtas">ἐσθῆτας</w> <w lemma="ei%29se%2Fti">εἰσέτι</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="forei%3Dn">φορεῖν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Afae%2Fqonta">Φαέθοντα</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnqous">πένθους</w>,
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tragikh%5Cn">τραγικὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w> <w lemma="proseoikui%3Dan">προσεοικυῖαν</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Flhn">ὕλην</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fntos">παρόντος</w> <w lemma="u%28perqhso%2Fmeqa">ὑπερθησόμεθα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="li%2Fan">λίαν</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkein">καθήκειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prokataskeuh%3Ds">προκατασκευῆς</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnei">γένει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftwn">τοιούτων</w> <w lemma="a%29kribologi%2Fan">ἀκριβολογίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="metalabo%2Fntes">μεταλαβόντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="a%28rmo%2Fttonta">ἁρμόττοντα</w> <w lemma="poihso%2Fmeqa">ποιησόμεθα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkousan">καθήκουσαν</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhn">μνήμην</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Atimai%2Fou">Τιμαίου</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnous">προειρημένους</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgnoian">ἄγνοιαν</w>.
<head>Rivers and Mountains in Northern Italy</head>Such parts of both slopes of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a> as are not too<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note41">The <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a>.</note>rocky or too precipitous are inhabited by different tribes; those on the north towards the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhone&groupId=933&placeId=1667">Rhone</a> by the Gauls, called Transalpine; those towards the Italian plains by the Taurisci and Agones and a number of other barbarous tribes. The name Transalpine is not tribal, but local, from the Latin proposition<foreign lang="la">trans,</foreign>"across." The summits of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a>, from their rugged character, and the great depth of eternal snow, are entirely uninhabited.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note42">The <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apennines&groupId=343&placeId=664">Apennines</a>.</note>Both slopes of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apennines&groupId=343&placeId=664">Apennines</a>, towards the Tuscan Sea and towards the plains, are inhabited by the Ligurians, from above Marseilles and the Junction with the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a> to Pisae on the cast, the first city on the west of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Etruria&groupId=582&placeId=1089">Etruria</a>, and inland to Arretium. Next to them come the Etruscans; and next on both slopes the Umbrians. The distance between the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apennines&groupId=343&placeId=664">Apennines</a> and the Adriatic averages about five hundred stades; and when it leaves the northern plains the chain verges to the right, and goes entirely through the middle of the rest of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, as far as the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicilian Sea&groupId=972&placeId=1723">Sicilian Sea</a>.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note43">The Po.</note>The remaining portion of this triangle, namely the plain along the sea coast, extends as far as the town of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sena&groupId=968&placeId=1716">Sena</a>. The Padus, celebrated by the poets under the name of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Eridanus&groupId=827&placeId=1491">Eridanus</a>, rises in the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a> near the apex of the triangle, and flows down to the plains with a southerly course; but after reaching the plains, it turns to the east, and flowing through them discharges<pb n="114" />itself by two mouths into the Adriatic. The larger part of the plain is thus cut off by it, and lies between this river and the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a> to the head of the Adriatic.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note44">15th July</note>In body of water it is second to no river in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, because the mountain streams, descending from the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apennines&groupId=343&placeId=664">Apennines</a> to the plain, one and all flow into it on both sides; and its stream is at its height and beauty about the time<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note45">15th July.</note>of the rising of the Dog Star, because it is then swollen by the melting snows on those mountains. It is navigable for nearly two thousand stades up stream, the ships entering by the mouth called Olana; for though it is a single main stream to begin with, it branches off into two at the place called Trigoboli, of which streams the northern is called the Padoa, the southern the Olana. At the mouth of the latter there is a harbour affording as safe anchorage as any in the Adriatic. The whole river is called by the country folk the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Bodencus&groupId=403&placeId=749">Bodencus</a>. As to the other stories current in Greece about this river,—I mean Phaethon and his fall, and the tears of the poplars and the black clothes of the inhabitants along this stream, which they are said to wear at this day as mourning for Phaethon,—all such tragic incidents I omit for the present, as not being suitable to the kind of work I have in hand; but I shall return to them at some other more fitting opportunity, particularly because Timaeus has shown a strange ignorance of this district.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note46">Gauls expel Etruscans from the valley of the Po.</note>