<w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29xou%2Fshs">ἐχούσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flaggos">φάλαγγος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28th%3Ds">αὑτῆς</w> <w lemma="i%29dio%2Fthta">ἰδιότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="u%28postai%2Fh">ὑποσταίη</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fswpon">πρόσωπον</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fnai">μείναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w>, <w lemma="eu%29xere%5Cs">εὐχερὲς</w> <w lemma="katamaqei%3Dn">καταμαθεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%5Cr">ἀνὴρ</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fstatai">ἵσταται</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplois">ὅπλοις</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="trisi%5C">τρισὶ</w> <w lemma="posi%5C">ποσὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29nagwni%2Fous">ἐναγωνίους</w> <w lemma="puknw%2Fseis">πυκνώσεις</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sarisw%3Dn">σαρισῶν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqo%2Fs">μέγεθός</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fqesin">ὑπόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="e%28kkai%2Fdeka">ἑκκαίδεκα</w> <w lemma="phxw%3Dn">πηχῶν</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%28rmogh%5Cn">ἁρμογὴν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lh%2Fqeian">ἀλήθειαν</w> <w lemma="dekatetta%2Frwn">δεκατεττάρων</w>,
<w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttaras">τέτταρας</w> <w lemma="a%29fairei%3D">ἀφαιρεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Dn">τοῖν</w> <w lemma="xeroi%3Dn">χεροῖν</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fsthma">διάστημα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kato%2Fpin">κατόπιν</w> <w lemma="sh%2Fkwma">σήκωμα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="probolh%3Ds">προβολῆς</w>,
<w lemma="fanero%5Cn">φανερὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%2Fka">δέκα</w> <w lemma="ph%2Fxeis">πήχεις</w> <w lemma="propi%2Fptein">προπίπτειν</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkh">ἀνάγκη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sa%2Frisan">σάρισαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="swma%2Ftwn">σωμάτων</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstou">ἑκάστου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28plitw%3Dn">ὁπλιτῶν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fh%7C">ἴῃ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29mfoi%3Dn">ἀμφοῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Dn">τοῖν</w> <w lemma="xeroi%3Dn">χεροῖν</w> <w lemma="probalo%2Fmenos">προβαλόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="deute%2Frou">δευτέρου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Ftou">τρίτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="teta%2Frtou">τετάρτου</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmptou">πέμπτου</w> <w lemma="zugou%3D">ζυγοῦ</w> <w lemma="sari%2Fsas">σαρίσας</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="propi%2Fptein">προπίπτειν</w> <w lemma="ph%2Fxeis">πήχεις</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prwtostatw%3Dn">πρωτοστατῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%29xou%2Fshs">ἐχούσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flaggos">φάλαγγος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28th%3Ds">αὑτῆς</w> <w lemma="i%29dio%2Fthta">ἰδιότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pu%2Fknwsin">πύκνωσιν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pista%2Fthn">ἐπιστάτην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="parasta%2Fthn">παραστάτην</w>,
<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fomhros">Ὅμηρος</w> <w lemma="u%28podei%2Fknusin">ὑποδείκνυσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois:">τούτοις·</w> <w lemma="a%29spi%5Cs">ἀσπὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fr%27">ἄρ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29spi%2Fd%27">ἀσπίδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Freide">ἔρειδε</w>, <w lemma="ko%2Frus">κόρυς</w> <w lemma="ko%2Frun">κόρυν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fra">ἀνέρα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%2Fr:">ἀνήρ·</w> <w lemma="yau%3Don">ψαῦον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppo%2Fkomoi">ἱππόκομοι</w> <w lemma="ko%2Fruqes">κόρυθες</w> <w lemma="lamproi%3Dsi">λαμπροῖσι</w> <w lemma="fa%2Floisi">φάλοισι</w> <w lemma="neuo%2Fntwn:">νευόντων·</w> <w lemma="w%28%5Cs">ὣς</w> <w lemma="puknoi%5C">πυκνοὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29fe%2Fstasan">ἐφέστασαν</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Floisi">ἀλλήλοισι</w>. <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinw%3Ds">ἀληθινῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnwn">λεγομένων</w>,
<w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkh">ἀνάγκη</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prwtostatw%3Dn">πρωτοστατῶν</w> <w lemma="sari%2Fsas">σαρίσας</w> <w lemma="propi%2Fptein">προπίπτειν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w>, <w lemma="dusi%5C">δυσὶ</w> <w lemma="ph%2Fxesi">πήχεσι</w> <w lemma="diaferou%2Fsas">διαφερούσας</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flwn">ἀλλήλων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="mh%3Dkos">μῆκος</w>.
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<head>A Well-Formed Phalanx is Irresistible</head>Many considerations may easily convince us that, if only the phalanx has its proper formation and strength, nothing can resist it face to face or withstand its charge. For as a man in close order of battle occupies a space of three feet; and as the length of the sarissae is sixteen cubits according to the original design, which has been reduced in practice to fourteen; and as of these fourteen four must be deducted, to allow for the distance between the two hands holding it, and to balance the weight in front; it follows clearly that each hoplite will have ten cubits of his sarissae projecting beyond his body, when he lowers it with both hands, as he advances against the enemy: hence, too, though the men of the second, third, and fourth rank will have their sarissae projecting farther beyond the front rank than the men of the fifth, yet even these last will have two cubits of their sarissae beyond the front rank; if only the phalanx is properly formed and the men close up properly both flank and rear, like the description in Homer<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note59"><bibl n="Hom. Il. 13.131" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Iliad,</title>13, 131</bibl>.</note>—<quote><l>"So buckler pressed on buckler; helm on helm;</l><l>And man on man: and waving horse-hair plumes</l><l>In polished head-piece mingled, as they swayed</l><l>In order: in such serried rank they stood."</l></quote>And if my description is true and exact, it is clear that in front of each man of the front rank there will be five sarissae projecting to distances varying by a descending scale of two cubits.
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Walbank Commentary