Polybius, Histories

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Book 18 - Chapter 14

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<w lemma="%2A%28%3Dhi">Ἧι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmosqe%2Fnhn">Δημοσθένην</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="polla%2F">πολλά</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29paine%2Fsas">ἐπαινέσας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fmyaito">μέμψαιτο</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="pikro%2Ftaton">πικρότατον</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fneidos">ὄνειδος</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanesta%2Ftois">ἐπιφανεστάτοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="ei%29kh%3D%7C">εἰκῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29kri%2Ftws">ἀκρίτως</w> <w lemma="prose%2Frriye">προσέρριψε</w>,
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<w lemma="fh%2Fsas">φήσας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadi%2Fa%7C">Ἀρκαδίᾳ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akerkida%3Dn">Κερκιδᾶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ierw%2Fnumon">Ἱερώνυμον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29kampi%2Fdan">Εὐκαμπίδαν</w> <w lemma="prodo%2Ftas">προδότας</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fdos">Ἑλλάδος</w>,
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<w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppw%7C">Φιλίππῳ</w> <w lemma="sunema%2Fxoun">συνεμάχουν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amessh%2Fnh%7C">Μεσσήνῃ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Afilia%2Fdou">Φιλιάδου</w> <w lemma="pai%3Ddas">παῖδας</w> <w lemma="%2Ane%2Fwna">Νέωνα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqrasu%2Floxon">Θρασύλοχον</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fargei">Ἄργει</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amu%2Frtin">Μύρτιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atele%2Fdamon">Τελέδαμον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amnase%2Fan">Μνασέαν</w>,
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<w lemma="paraplhsi%2Fws">παραπλησίως</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqettali%2Fa%7C">Θετταλίᾳ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ada%2Foxon">Δάοχον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akine%2Fan">Κινέαν</w>, <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiwtoi%3Ds">Βοιωτοῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqeogei%2Ftona">Θεογείτονα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atimo%2Flan:">Τιμόλαν·</w>
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<w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frous">ἑτέρους</w> <w lemma="e%29chri%2Fqmhtai">ἐξηρίθμηται</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="o%29noma%2Fzwn">ὀνομάζων</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Ftoi">καίτοι</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="polu%5Cn">πολὺν</w> <w lemma="e%29xo%2Fntwn">ἐχόντων</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="faino%2Fmenon">φαινόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fwn">δικαίων</w>, <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadi%2Fas">Ἀρκαδίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amessh%2Fnhs">Μεσσήνης</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29pispasa%2Fmenoi">ἐπισπασάμενοι</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Apelopo%2Fnnhson">Πελοπόννησον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tapeinw%2Fsantes">ταπεινώσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhsan">ἐποίησαν</w> <w lemma="a%29napneu%3Dsai">ἀναπνεῦσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fas">ἐλευθερίας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnnoian">ἔννοιαν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Apelopo%2Fnnhson">Πελοπόννησον</w> <w lemma="katoikou%3Dntas">κατοικοῦντας</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29%2Fpeita">ἔπειτα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="a%29nakomisa%2Fmenoi">ἀνακομισάμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>, <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="parh%2F%7Crhnto">παρῄρηντο</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimo%2Fnioi">Λακεδαιμόνιοι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="eu%29kairi%2Fan">εὐκαιρίαν</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fwn">Μεσσηνίων</w>, <w lemma="%2Amegalopolitw%3Dn">Μεγαλοπολιτῶν</w>, <w lemma="%2Ategeatw%3Dn">Τεγεατῶν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29argei%2Fwn">Ἀργείων</w>, <w lemma="hu%29%2Fchsan">ηὔξησαν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdas">πατρίδας</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnws:">ὁμολογουμένως·</w>
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<w lemma="a%29nq%27">ἀνθ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polemei%3Dn">πολεμεῖν</w> <w lemma="w%29%2Ffeilon">ὤφειλον</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppw%7C">Φιλίππῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fsin">Μακεδόσιν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29nergei%3Dn">ἐνεργεῖν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcan">δόξαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="timh%5Cn">τιμὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%3Dken">ἀνῆκεν</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpratton">ἔπραττον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cn">φρουρὰν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="dexo%2Fmenoi">δεχόμενοι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fsin">πατρίσιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="katalu%2Fontes">καταλύοντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmous">νόμους</w> <w lemma="a%29fh%7Crou%3Dnto">ἀφῃροῦντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fan">ἐλευθερίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parrhsi%2Fan">παρρησίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="politw%3Dn">πολιτῶν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="pleoneci%2Fas">πλεονεξίας</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas">δυναστείας</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fcioi">ἄξιοι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proshgori%2Fas">προσηγορίας</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths:">ταύτης·</w>
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="throu%3Dntes">τηροῦντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdas">πατρίδας</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkaia">δίκαια</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fsei">κρίσει</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="diefe%2Fronto">διεφέροντο</w>, <w lemma="nomi%2Fzontes">νομίζοντες</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="tau%29to%5C">ταὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="sumfe%2Fron">συμφέρον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fois">Ἀθηναίοις</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flesin">πόλεσιν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="dh%2Fpou">δήπου</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="kalei%3Dsqai">καλεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="prodo%2Ftas">προδότας</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%3Dn">ἐχρῆν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmosqe%2Fnous">Δημοσθένους</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="metrw%3Dn">μετρῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w> <w lemma="sumfe%2Fron">συμφέρον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="h%28gou%2Fmenos">ἡγούμενος</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w> <w lemma="a%29poble%2Fpein">ἀποβλέπειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%2F">μή</w>, <w lemma="prodo%2Ftas">προδότας</w> <w lemma="a%29pokalw%3Dn">ἀποκαλῶν</w>, <w lemma="a%29gnoei%3Dn">ἀγνοεῖν</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="parapai%2Fein">παραπαίειν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqei%2Fas">ἀληθείας</w> [<w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="pepoi%2Fhke">πεποίηκε</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmosqe%2Fnhs">Δημοσθένης</w>],
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<w lemma="a%29%2Fllws">ἄλλως</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumba%2Fntwn">συμβάντων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsin">Ἕλλησιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmosqe%2Fnei">Δημοσθένει</w> <w lemma="memarturhko%2Ftwn">μεμαρτυρηκότων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w> <w lemma="prounoh%2Fqh">προυνοήθη</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllontos">μέλλοντος</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29kampi%2Fda%7C">Εὐκαμπίδᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ierwnu%2Fmw%7C">Ἱερωνύμῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akerkida%3D%7C">Κερκιδᾷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Afilia%2Fdou">Φιλιάδου</w> <w lemma="paisi%2Fn">παισίν</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fois">Ἀθηναίοις</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w> <w lemma="a%29ntiparagwgh%3Ds">ἀντιπαραγωγῆς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fbh">ἀπέβη</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pei%3Dran">πεῖραν</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstwn">μεγίστων</w> <w lemma="sumptwma%2Ftwn">συμπτωμάτων</w> <w lemma="ptai%2Fsasi">πταίσασι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxh%7C">μάχῃ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Axairw%2Fneian:">Χαιρώνειαν·</w>
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fan">μεγαλοψυχίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filodoci%2Fan">φιλοδοξίαν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="porrwte%2Frw">πορρωτέρω</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fas">ἀτυχίας</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="prou%2Fbh">προύβη</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmosqe%2Fnous">Δημοσθένους</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fan">πολιτείαν</w>.
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<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnous">προειρημένους</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arka%2Fsi">Ἀρκάσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fois">Μεσσηνίοις</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleia">ἀσφάλεια</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cstw%2Fnh">ῥᾳστώνη</w> <w lemma="pareskeua%2Fsqh">παρεσκευάσθη</w>, <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fsi">πατρίσι</w> <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lusitelh%3D">λυσιτελῆ</w> <w lemma="sunechkolou%2Fqhse">συνεξηκολούθησε</w>.
<head>Comparison with Philip II and Demosthenes</head>From this point of view fault might be found<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note22">Comparison of the policy of the Achaeans and other Peloponnesians towards Philip V. with that recommended by Demosthenes towards Philip II.</note>with Demosthenes, admirable as he is in many respects, for having rashly and indiscriminately launched an exceedingly bitter charge at the most illustrious Greeks. For he asserted that in Arcadia, Cercidas, Hieronymus, and Eucampidas were traitors to Greece for making an alliance with Philip; in Messene the sons of Philiades, Neon and Thraylochus; in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Argos&groupId=361&placeId=689">Argos</a>, Mystis, Teledamus, one Mnaseas; in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a>, Daochus and Cineas; in Boeotia, Theogeiton and Timolas: and many more besides he has included in the same category, naming them city by city; and yet all these men have a weighty and obvious plea to urge in defence of their conduct, and above all those of Arcadia and Messene.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note23">Demosthenes,<bibl n="Dem. 18.43" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>de Corona,</title>§§ 43</bibl>,<bibl n="Dem. 18.48" default="NO" valid="yes">48</bibl>,<bibl n="Dem. 18.295" default="NO" valid="yes">295</bibl>.</note>For it was by their bringing Philip into the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, and humbling the Lacedaemonians, that these men in the first place enabled all its inhabitants to breathe again, and conceive the idea of liberty; and in the next place, by recovering the territory and cities which the Lacedaemonians in the hour of prosperity had taken from the Messenians, Megalopolitans, Tegeans, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Argives&groupId=361&placeId=688">Argives</a>, notoriously raised the fortunes of their own countries.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note24">B. C. 338 after the battle of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a>. See Thirlwall, 6, 77; Grote, 11, 315 (ch. 90); Kennedy's translation of the<title>de Corona,</title>Appendix vi. The argument of Polybius is of course an<foreign lang="la">ex post facto</foreign>one. It is open still to maintain that, had the advice of Demosthenes been followed, these states might have been freed from the tyranny of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a> without becoming subject to another master in the king of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>.</note>In return for this they were bound not to make war<pb n="214" />on Philip and the Macedonians, but to do all they could to promote his reputation and honour. Now, if they had been doing all this, or if they had admitted a garrison from Philip into their native cities, or had abolished their constitutions and deprived their fellow-citizens of liberty and freedom of speech, for the sake of their own private advantage or power, they would have deserved this name of traitor. But if, while carefully maintaining their duty to their countries, they yet differed in their judgment of politics, and did not consider that their interests were the same as those of the Athenians, it is not, I think, fair that they should have been called traitors on that account by Demosthenes. The man who measures everything by the interests of his own particular state, and imagines that all the Greeks ought to have their eyes fixed upon <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athens&groupId=379&placeId=715">Athens</a>, on the pain of being styled traitors, seems to me to be ill-informed and to be labouring under a strange delusion, especially as the course which events in Greece took at that time has borne witness to the wisdom, not of Demosthenes, but of Eucampidas, Hieronymus, Cercidas, and the sons of Philiades.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note25">B. C. 338.</note>For what did the Athenians eventually get by their opposition to Philip? Why, the crowning disaster of the defeat at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a>. And had it not been for the king's magnanimity and regard for his own reputation, their misfortunes would have gone even further, thanks to the policy of Demosthenes. Whereas, owing to the men I have mentioned, security and relief from attacks of the Lacedaemonians were obtained for Arcadia and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Messenia&groupId=760&placeId=1380">Messenia</a> generally, and many advantages accrued to their states separately.