<w lemma="%2Atau%3Dta">Ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="dialexqe%2Fntes">διαλεχθέντες</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="e%29xwri%2Fsqhsan">ἐχωρίσθησαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29su%2Fmbaton">ἀσύμβατον</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenoi">ποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="koinologi%2Fan">κοινολογίαν</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pau%2Frion">ἐπαύριον</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%3Dgon">ἐξῆγον</w> <w lemma="a%29mfo%2Fteroi">ἀμφότεροι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suni%2Fstanto">συνίσταντο</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dna">ἀγῶνα</w>, <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="swthri%2Fas">σωτηρίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhn">Λιβύην</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w>, <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas">δυναστείας</w>.
<w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fs">τίς</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29pisth%2Fsas">ἐπιστήσας</w> <w lemma="sumpaqh%5Cs">συμπαθὴς</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnoito">γένοιτο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fghsin">ἐξήγησιν</w>;
<w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="polemikwte%2Fras">πολεμικωτέρας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fq%27">οὔθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnas">ἡγεμόνας</w> <w lemma="e%29pituxeste%2Frous">ἐπιτυχεστέρους</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="a%29qlhta%5Cs">ἀθλητὰς</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftas">γεγονότας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="eu%28%2Froi">εὕροι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frous">ἑτέρους</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%3Dqla">ἆθλα</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fzw">μείζω</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhn">τύχην</w> <w lemma="e%29kteqeikui%3Dan">ἐκτεθεικυῖαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29gwnizome%2Fnois">ἀγωνιζομένοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnwn:">προκειμένων·</w>
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhs">Λιβύης</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Fphs">Εὐρώπης</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmellon">ἔμελλον</w> <w lemma="kurieu%2Fein">κυριεύειν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxh%7C">μάχῃ</w> <w lemma="krath%2Fsantes">κρατήσαντες</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="merw%3Dn">μερῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29koume%2Fnhs">οἰκουμένης</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fptwken">πέπτωκεν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w>. <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgon">ὀλίγον</w>.
<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqhke">ἔθηκε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fceis">τάξεις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w>.
<w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%28sta%2Ftous">ἁστάτους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="diasth%2Fmasin">διαστήμασιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pri%2Fgkipas">πρίγκιπας</w>, <w lemma="tiqei%5Cs">τιθεὶς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="spei%2Fras">σπείρας</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftwn">πρώτων</w> <w lemma="shmaiw%3Dn">σημαιῶν</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fsthma">διάστημα</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqos">ἔθος</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="katallh%2Flous">καταλλήλους</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29posta%2Fsei">ἀποστάσει</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fois">ἐναντίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29lefa%2Fntwn:">ἐλεφάντων·</w> <w lemma="teleutai%2Fous">τελευταίους</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fsthse">ἐπέστησε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="triari%2Fous">τριαρίους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kera%2Ftwn">κεράτων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftace">ἔταξε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="laio%5Cn">λαιὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w> <w lemma="%2Alai%2Flion">Λαίλιον</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxonta">ἔχοντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29italikou%5Cs">Ἰταλικοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fas">ἱππέας</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="%2Amasanna%2Fsan">Μασαννάσαν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28f%27">ὑφ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28auto%5Cn">ἑαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="tattome%2Fnwn">ταττομένων</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdwn">Νομάδων</w>.
<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diasth%2Fmata">διαστήματα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftwn">πρώτων</w> <w lemma="shmaiw%3Dn">σημαιῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29neplh%2Frwse">ἀνεπλήρωσε</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="grosfoma%2Fxwn">γροσφομάχων</w> <w lemma="spei%2Frais">σπείραις</w>, <w lemma="paraggei%2Flas">παραγγείλας</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="prokinduneu%2Fein">προκινδυνεύειν</w>,
<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kbia%2Fzwntai">ἐκβιάζωνται</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fwn">θηρίων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w>, <w lemma="a%29poxwrei%3Dn">ἀποχωρεῖν</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="katataxou%3Dntas">καταταχοῦντας</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29qei%2Fas">εὐθείας</w> <w lemma="diasthma%2Ftwn">διαστημάτων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%29pi%2Fsw">τοὐπίσω</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhs">ὅλης</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="perikatalambanome%2Fnous">περικαταλαμβανομένους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pla%2Fgia">πλάγια</w> <w lemma="pari%2Fstasqai">παρίστασθαι</w> <w lemma="diasth%2Fmata">διαστήματα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w>.
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<head>Dispositions For the Battle of Zama</head>After these speeches Hannibal and Scipio parted without<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note14">The momentous issues depending on the battle of Zama, B. C. 202.</note>coming to any terms; and next morning by daybreak both generals drew out their forces and engaged. To the Carthaginians it was a struggle for their own lives and the sovereignty of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a>; to the Romans for universal dominion and supremacy. And could any one who grasped the situation fail to be moved at the story? Armies more fitted for war than these, or generals who had been more successful or more thoroughly trained in all the operations of war, it would be impossible to find, or any other occasion on which the prizes proposed by destiny to the combatants were more momentous. For it was not merely of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a> or Europe that the victors in this battle were destined to become masters, but of all other parts of the world known to history,—a destiny which had not to wait long for its fulfilment.Scipio placed his men on the field in the following order:<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note15">Scipio's order of battle.</note>the<foreign lang="la">hastati</foreign>first, with an interval between their maniples; behind them the<foreign lang="la">principes,</foreign>their maniples not arranged to cover the intervals between those of the<foreign lang="la">hastati</foreign>as the Roman custom is, but immediately behind them at some distance, because the enemy was so strong in elephants. In the rear of these he stationed the<foreign lang="la">triarii.</foreign>On his left wing he stationed Gaius Laelius with the Italian cavalry, on the right Massanissa with all his Numidians. The intervals between the front maniples he filled up with maniples of<foreign lang="la">velites,</foreign>who were ordered to begin the battle; but if they found themselves unable to stand the charge of the elephants, to retire quickly either to the rear of the whole army by the intervals between the maniples, which went straight through the ranks, or, if they got entangled with<pb n="145" />the elephants, to step aside into the lateral spaces between the maniples.
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Walbank Commentary