<w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="qewrou%3Dntes">θεωροῦντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29kporqoume%2Fnas">ἐκπορθουμένας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fpempon">ἔπεμπον</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w>, <w lemma="deo%2Fmenoi">δεόμενοι</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllein">μέλλειν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="prospela%2Fzein">προσπελάζειν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnein">κρίνειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhs">μάχης</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diakou%2Fsas">διακούσας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="parou%3Dsin">παροῦσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29pekri%2Fqh">ἀπεκρίθη</w> <w lemma="ta%29%2Flla">τἄλλα</w> <w lemma="skopei%3Dn">σκοπεῖν</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cqumei%3Dn:">ῥᾳθυμεῖν·</w> <w lemma="dialh%2Fyesqai">διαλήψεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%2Fs">αὐτός</w>.
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="a%29nazeu%2Fcas">ἀναζεύξας</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adru%2Fmhta">Ἀδρύμητα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dlqe">προῆλθε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeuse">κατεστρατοπέδευσε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aza%2Fman:">Ζάμαν·</w> <w lemma="au%28%2Fth">αὕτη</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flis">πόλις</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxousa">ἀπέχουσα</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnos">Καρχηδόνος</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fseis">δύσεις</w> <w lemma="o%28do%5Cn">ὁδὸν</w> <w lemma="h%28merw%3Dn">ἡμερῶν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w>. <w lemma="ka%29kei%3Dqen">κἀκεῖθεν</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpemye">ἐξέπεμψε</w> <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="katasko%2Fpous">κατασκόπους</w>,
<w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29pignw%3Dnai">ἐπιγνῶναι</w> <w lemma="pou%3D">ποῦ</w> <w lemma="stratopedeu%2Fousi">στρατοπεδεύουσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="xeiri%2Fzei">χειρίζει</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="parembola%5Cs">παρεμβολὰς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="strathgo%2Fs">στρατηγός</w>. <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w>,
<w lemma="e%29panaxqe%2Fntwn">ἐπαναχθέντων</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="katasko%2Fpwn">κατασκόπων</w>, <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsxe">ἀπέσχε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kola%2Fzein">κολάζειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28alwko%2Ftas">ἑαλωκότας</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqos">ἔθος</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="tou%29nanti%2Fon">τοὐναντίον</w> <w lemma="susth%2Fsas">συστήσας</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="xili%2Farxon">χιλίαρχον</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Ftace">ἐπέταξε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="kaqari%2Fws">καθαρίως</w> <w lemma="u%28podei%3Dcai">ὑποδεῖξαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parembolh%2Fn">παρεμβολήν</w>.
<w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="prosepu%2Fqeto">προσεπύθετο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="filoti%2Fmws">φιλοτίμως</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pode%2Fdeixen">ὑποδέδειχεν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="sustaqei%2Fs:">συσταθείς·</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="fhsa%2Fntwn">φησάντων</w>,
<w lemma="dou%5Cs">δοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdia">ἐφόδια</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parapomph%5Cn">παραπομπὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="prosta%2Fcas">προστάξας</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelw%3Ds">ἐπιμελῶς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fba%7C">Ἀννίβᾳ</w> <w lemma="diasafei%3Dn">διασαφεῖν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29phnthme%2Fnwn">ἀπηντημένων</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>.
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="paragenhqe%2Fntwn">παραγενηθέντων</w> <w lemma="qauma%2Fsas">θαυμάσας</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fan">μεγαλοψυχίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flman">τόλμαν</w> <w lemma="ta%29ndro%5Cs">τἀνδρὸς</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dd%27">οἶδ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fpws">ὅπως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpese">ἔπεσε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="bou%2Flesqai">βούλεσθαι</w> <w lemma="sunelqei%3Dn">συνελθεῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Apopli%2Fw%7C">Ποπλίῳ</w>.
<w lemma="kri%2Fnas">κρίνας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="diepe%2Fmyato">διεπέμψατο</w> <w lemma="kh%2Fruka">κήρυκα</w>, <w lemma="fa%2Fskwn">φάσκων</w> <w lemma="bou%2Flesqai">βούλεσθαι</w> <w lemma="koinologhqh%3Dnai">κοινολογηθῆναι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsas">ἀκούσας</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kh%2Frukos">κήρυκος</w> <w lemma="sugkateti%2Fqeto">συγκατετίθετο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="parakaloume%2Fnois">παρακαλουμένοις</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmyein">πέμψειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="diasafw%3Dn">διασαφῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%29peida%5Cn">ἐπειδὰν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllh%7C">μέλλῃ</w> <w lemma="sumporeu%2Fesqai">συμπορεύεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%2Fn">καιρόν</w>.
<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsas">ἀκούσας</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="kh%3Druc">κῆρυξ</w> <w lemma="e%29panh%3Dlqe">ἐπανῆλθε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="parembolh%2Fn:">παρεμβολήν·</w>
<w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pau%2Frion">ἐπαύριον</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dke">ἧκε</w> <w lemma="%2Amasanna%2Fsas">Μασαννάσας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%28cakisxili%2Fous">ἑξακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fous">τετρακισχιλίους</w>.
<w lemma="o%28%5Cn">ὃν</w> <w lemma="a%29podeca%2Fmenos">ἀποδεξάμενος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="filanqrw%2Fpws">φιλανθρώπως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugxarei%5Cs">συγχαρεὶς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="u%28phko%2Fous">ὑπηκόους</w> <w lemma="pepoih%3Dsqai">πεποιῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="%2Aso%2Ffaki">Σόφακι</w> <w lemma="peiqome%2Fnous">πειθομένους</w>,
<w lemma="a%29ne%2Fzeuce">ἀνέζευξε</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paragenhqei%5Cs">παραγενηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="%2Anara%2Fgara">Ναράγαρα</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeuse">κατεστρατοπέδευσε</w>, <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%29%2Flla">τἄλλα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="eu%29fuh%3D">εὐφυῆ</w> <w lemma="katalabo%2Fmenos">καταλαβόμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w>
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<head>Both Sides Prepare For Battle</head>When the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> saw the cities in their territory being sacked, they sent a message to Hannibal begging him to act without delay, to come to close quarters with the enemy, and bring the matter to the decision of battle. He bade the messengers in answer "to confine their attention to other matters, and to leave such things to him, for he would choose the time for fighting himself." Some days afterwards he broke up his quarters at Adrumetum, and pitched his camp near ZAMA, a town about five days' march to the west of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note10">Hannibal moves to Zama.</note>From that place he sent spies to ascertain the place, nature, and strength of the Roman general's encampment. These spies were caught and brought to Scipio, who, so far from inflicting upon them the usual punishment of spies, appointed a tribune to show them everything in the camp thoroughly and without reserve; and when this had been done, he asked the men whether the appointed officer had been careful to point out everything to them. Upon their replying that<pb n="141" />he had, he gave them provisions and an escort, and despatched them with injunctions to be careful to tell Hannibal everything they had seen. On their return to his camp, Hannibal was so much struck with the magnanimity and high courage of Scipio, that he conceived a lively desire for a personal interview with him. With this purpose he sent a herald to say that he was desirous of a parley to discuss the matters at issue. When the herald had delivered his message, Scipio at once expressed his consent, and said that he would himself send him a message when it suited him to meet, naming the time and place. The herald returned to Hannibal with this answer. Next day Massanissa arrived with six thousand infantry and about four thousand cavalry.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note11">Arrival of Massanissa.</note>Scipio received him with cordiality, and congratulated him on having added to his sway all those who had previously been subject to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a>. Thus reinforced, he removed his camp to Naragara: selecting it as a place which, among other advantages, enabled him to get water within a javelin's throw.
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Walbank Commentary