Polybius, Histories

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Book 15 - Chapter 11

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<w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsato">ἐποιήσατο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parai%2Fnesin">παραίνεσιν</w>. <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fa">θηρία</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29gdoh%2Fkonta">ὀγδοήκοντα</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frous">μισθοφόρους</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fsthse">ἐπέστησε</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fous">δισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29riqmo%2Fn">ἀριθμόν</w>. <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="%2Aligusti%3Dnoi">Λιγυστῖνοι</w>, <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%2F">Κελτοί</w>, <w lemma="%2Abaliarei%3Ds">Βαλιαρεῖς</w>, <w lemma="%2Amaurou%2Fsioi">Μαυρούσιοι</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kato%2Fpin">κατόπιν</w> <w lemma="parene%2Fbale">παρενέβαλε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29gxwri%2Fous">ἐγχωρίους</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbuas">Λίβυας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkontas">ἥκοντας</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w>, <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fdion">στάδιον</w> <w lemma="a%29posth%2Fsas">ἀποστήσας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="protetagme%2Fnwn">προτεταγμένων</w>.
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<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ke%2Frata">κέρατα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="h%29sfali%2Fsato">ἠσφαλίσατο</w>, <w lemma="qei%5Cs">θεὶς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="laio%5Cn">λαιὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdas">Νομάδας</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fous">ἰδίους</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftas">στρατιώτας</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="parakalei%3Dn">παρακαλεῖν</w>, <w lemma="a%29nafe%2Frontas">ἀναφέροντας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ni%2Fkhs">νίκης</w> <w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28auto%5Cn">ἑαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="paragegenhme%2Fnas">παραγεγενημένας</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis:">δυνάμεις·</w>
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<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29ke%2Fleuse">ἐκέλευσε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28goume%2Fnous">ἡγουμένους</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sumbhso%2Fmena">συμβησόμενα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Fknwn">τέκνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gunaikw%3Dn">γυναικῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29cariqmei%3Dsqai">ἐξαριθμεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tiqe%2Fnai">τιθέναι</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmw%3Dn">ὀφθαλμῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllws">ἄλλως</w> <w lemma="pws">πως</w> <w lemma="e%29kbh%3D%7C">ἐκβῇ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhs">μάχης</w>. <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Foun">ἐποίουν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraggelqe%2Fn">παραγγελθέν</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="paragegono%2Ftas">παραγεγονότας</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuo%2Fmenos">ἐπιπορευόμενος</w> <w lemma="h%29ci%2Fou">ἠξίου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flei">παρεκάλει</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="pleio%2Fnwn">πλειόνων</w> <w lemma="mnhsqh%3Dnai">μνησθῆναι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flous">ἀλλήλους</w> <w lemma="e%28ptakaidekae%2Ftous">ἑπτακαιδεκαέτους</w> <w lemma="sunhqei%2Fas">συνηθείας</w>, <w lemma="mnhsqh%3Dnai">μνησθῆναι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="progegono%2Ftwn">προγεγονότων</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%2Fnwn:">ἀγώνων·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="a%29htth%2Ftous">ἀηττήτους</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftas">γεγονότας</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="nika%3Dn">νικᾶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpot%27">οὐδέποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29poleloipe%2Fnai">ἀπολελοιπέναι</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w>, <w lemma="h%29ci%2Fou">ἠξίου</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnein">λαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmw%3Dn">ὀφθαλμῶν</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnwn">κινδύνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nariqmh%2Ftwn">ἀναριθμήτων</w> <w lemma="proterhma%2Ftwn">προτερημάτων</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Atrebi%2Fan">Τρεβίαν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pate%2Fra">πατέρα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="h%28goume%2Fnou">ἡγουμένου</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>, <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhni%2Fa%7C">Τυρρηνίᾳ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Aflami%2Fnion">Φλαμίνιον</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aka%2Fnnas">Κάννας</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnhn">γενομένην</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29mi%2Flion">Αἰμίλιον</w>,
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<w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29reta%5Cs">ἀρετὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29ci%2Fas">ἀξίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="sugkri%2Fsews">συγκρίσεως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="e%29pifero%2Fmenon">ἐπιφερόμενον</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgwn">λέγων</w> <w lemma="a%29nable%2Fpein">ἀναβλέπειν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29ke%2Fleue">ἐκέλευε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="katopteu%2Fein">κατοπτεύειν</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcin:">τάξιν·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttous">ἐλάττους</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="pollosto%5Cn">πολλοστὸν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29gwnisame%2Fnwn">ἀγωνισαμένων</w>, <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29retai%3Ds">ἀρεταῖς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgkrisin">σύγκρισιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29htth%2Ftous">ἀηττήτους</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29kerai%2Fou">ἀκεραίου</w> <w lemma="dihgwni%2Fsqai">διηγωνίσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29kgo%2Fnous">ἐκγόνους</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="lei%2Fyana">λείψανα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28tthme%2Fnwn">ἡττημένων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fa%7C">Ἰταλίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pefeugo%2Ftwn">πεφευγότων</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="pleona%2Fkis">πλεονάκις</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> [<w lemma="w%29%2F%7Ceto">ᾤετο</w>] <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="katalu%3Dsai">καταλῦσαι</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sfw%3Dn">σφῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="proestw%3Dtos">προεστῶτος</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcan">δόξαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proshgori%2Fan">προσηγορίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29gwnisame%2Fnous">ἀγωνισαμένους</w> <w lemma="eu%29yu%2Fxws">εὐψύχως</w> <w lemma="bebaiw%3Dsai">βεβαιῶσαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="diadedome%2Fnhn">διαδεδομένην</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmhn">φήμην</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="a%29htth%2Ftwn">ἀηττήτων</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Atau%3Dta">Ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiau%3Dta">τοιαῦτα</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flesan">παρεκάλεσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29mfo%2F">ἀμφό</w>
<head>Hannibal's Preparations and Speech</head>Such was Scipio's address to his men. Meanwhile<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note16">Hannibal's order of battle.</note>Hannibal had put his men also into position. His elephants, which numbered more than eighty, he placed in the van of the whole army. Next his mercenaries, amounting to twelve thousand, and consisting of Ligurians, Celts, Baliarians, and Mauretani; behind them the native Libyans and Carthaginians; and on the rear of the whole the men whom he had brought from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, at a distance of somewhat more than a stade. His wings he strengthened<pb n="146" />with cavalry, stationing the Numidian allies on the left wing, and the Carthaginian horsemen on the right. He ordered each officer to address his own men, bidding them rest their hopes of victory on him and the army he had brought with him; while he bade their officers remind the Carthaginians in plain terms what would happen to their wives and children if the battle should be lost. While these orders were carried out by the officers, Hannibal himself went along the lines of his Italian army and urged them "to remember the seventeen years during which they had been brothers-inarms, and the number of battles they had fought with the Romans, in which they had never been beaten or given the Romans even a hope of victory.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note17">Hannibal's speech to the "army of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>."</note>Above all, putting aside minor engagements and their countless successes, let them place before their eyes the battle of the River <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Trebia&groupId=1044&placeId=1838">Trebia</a> against the father of the present Roman commander; and again the battle in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Etruria&groupId=582&placeId=1089">Etruria</a> against Flaminius; and lastly that at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cannae&groupId=430&placeId=797">Cannae</a> against Aemilius, with none of which was the present struggle to be compared, whether in regard to the number or excellence of the enemy's men. Let them only raise their eyes and look at the ranks of the enemy; they would see that they were not merely fewer, but many times fewer than those with whom they had fought before, while, as to their soldierly qualities, there was no comparison. The former Roman armies had come to the struggle with them untainted by memories of past defeats: while these men were the sons or the remnants of those who had been beaten in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, and fled before him again and again. They ought not therefore," he said, "to undo the glory and fame of their previous achievements, but to struggle with a firm and brave resolve to maintain their reputation of invincibility."Such were the addresses of the two commanders.