<w lemma="nein">νειν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fper">ἤπερ</w> <w lemma="a%29peleu%2Fqeroi">ἀπελεύθεροι</w>. <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Alokrou%5Cs">Λοκροὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Fs">εἰκός</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai:">γεγονέναι·</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29ktopi%2Fsantes">ἐκτοπίσαντες</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="suneido%2Ftwn">συνειδότων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proslabo%2Fntes">προσλαβόντες</w> <w lemma="sunergo%5Cn">συνεργὸν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Ffrones">ἄφρονες</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdeu%2Fein">ἐπιτηδεύειν</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmellon">ἔμελλον</w> <w lemma="a%29nane%2Fwsin">ἀνανέωσιν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="e%29lattwma%2Ftwn">ἐλαττωμάτων</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="tou%29nanti%2Fon">τοὐναντίον</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikalu%2Fyein">ἐπικαλύψειν</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w>.
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29nomasi%2Fan">ὀνομασίαν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="gunaikw%3Dn">γυναικῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fqesan">ἐπέθεσαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29keio%2Fthta">οἰκειότητα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="gunai%3Dkas">γυναῖκας</w> <w lemma="prosepoih%2Fqhsan">προσεποιήθησαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fas">φιλίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fas">συμμαχίας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="progonika%5Cs">προγονικὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="gunaikw%3Dn">γυναικῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29neneou%3Dnto">ἀνενεοῦντο</w>.
<w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w> <w lemma="porqh%3Dsai">πορθῆσαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fn">οὐδέν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="shmei%3Don">σημεῖον</w> <w lemma="yeudh%3D">ψευδῆ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aristote%2Flhn:">Ἀριστοτέλην·</w>
<w lemma="eu%29lo%2Fgou">εὐλόγου</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntos">ὄντος</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="deka%2Fkis">δεκάκις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%29ke%2Ftai">οἰκέται</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="prospepoih%3Dsqai">προσπεποιῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fan">φιλίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29ca%2Frantas">ἐξάραντας</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Alokrw%3Dn">Λοκρῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katasxo%2Fntas">κατασχόντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w>, <w lemma="eu%29%2Flogos">εὔλογος</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> [<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w>] <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="a%29llotrio%2Fths">ἀλλοτριότης</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnous">προειρημένους</w>, <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29cetazo%2Fntwn">ἐξεταζόντων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w>.
<w lemma="nh%5C">νὴ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%2F%27">Δί᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fstellon">ἐξαπέστελλον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimo%2Fnioi">Λακεδαιμόνιοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kma%2Fzontas">ἀκμάζοντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="teknopoii%2Fas">τεκνοποιίας</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Alokrou%5Cs">Λοκροὺς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fwn">εἴων</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w>; <w lemma="e%28%2Fkasta">ἕκαστα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="piqano%2Fn">πιθανόν</w>,
<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lh%2Fqeian">ἀλήθειαν</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="diafora%2Fn">διαφοράν</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="kwlu%2Fein">κωλύειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Alokrou%5Cs">Λοκροὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmellon">ἔμελλον</w>, <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fmoion">ὅμοιον</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dntes">ποιοῦντες</w> — <w lemma="a%29%2Ftopon">ἄτοπον</w> <w lemma="ga%2Fr">γάρ</w> — <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="keleuo%2Fntwn">κελευόντων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Alokroi%5C">Λοκροὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntws">πάντως</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsein">ποιήσειν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnois">ἐκείνοις</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w>.
<w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fois">Λακεδαιμονίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Ftrion">πάτριον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fnhqes">σύνηθες</w> <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="gunai%3Dka">γυναῖκα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttaras">τέτταρας</w>, <w lemma="tote%5C">τοτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="a%29delfou%5Cs">ἀδελφοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="te%2Fkna">τέκνα</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="koina%2F">κοινά</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gennh%2Fsanta">γεννήσαντα</w> <w lemma="pai%3Ddas">παῖδας</w> <w lemma="i%28kanou%5Cs">ἱκανοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29kdo%2Fsqai">ἐκδόσθαι</w> <w lemma="gunai%3Dka%2F">γυναῖκά</w> <w lemma="tini">τινι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="kalo%5Cn">καλὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fnhqes">σύνηθες</w>.
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Alokroi%5C">Λοκροὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29rai%3Ds">ἀραῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnoxoi">ἔνοχοι</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frkois">ὅρκοις</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="w%29%2Fmosan">ὤμοσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimo%2Fnioi">Λακεδαιμόνιοι</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w> <w lemma="e%29panh%2Fcein">ἐπανήξειν</w> <w lemma="pri%5Cn">πρὶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amessh%2Fnhn">Μεσσήνην</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w> <w lemma="e%28lei%3Dn">ἑλεῖν</w>, <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="koino%5Cn">κοινὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29capostolh%3Ds">ἐξαποστολῆς</w> <w lemma="eu%29lo%2Fgws">εὐλόγως</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mete%2Fsxon">μετέσχον</w>,
<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pano%2Fdous">ἐπανόδους</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenoi">ποιούμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="spani%2Fws">σπανίως</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdosan">ἔδοσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29nastrofh%5Cn">ἀναστροφὴν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="gunaici%5C">γυναιξὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ke%2Ftas">οἰκέτας</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="sunhqeste%2Fran">συνηθεστέραν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w>, <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="parqe%2Fnois">παρθένοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon:">μᾶλλον·</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29canasta%2Fsews">ἐξαναστάσεως</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftion">αἴτιον</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fgonen">γέγονεν</w>. —
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<head>The Epizephyrian Locrians</head>And as to a treaty, none ever existed, or was said<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note8">The trick of the Locrians.</note>to have existed, between them and the Locrians in Greece; but they all knew by tradition of one with the Sicels: of which they give the following<pb n="85" />account. When they first appeared, and found the Sicels occupying the district in which they are themselves now dwelling, these natives were in terror of them, and admitted them through fear into the country; and the newcomers made a sworn agreement with them that "they would be friendly and share the country with them, as long as they stood upon the ground they then stood upon, and kept heads upon their shoulders." But, while the oaths were being taken, they say that the Locrians put earth inside the soles of their shoes, and heads of garlic concealed on their shoulders, before they swore; and that then they shook the earth out of their shoes, and threw the heads of garlic off their shoulders, and soon afterwards expelled the Sicels from the country. This is the story current at Locri. . . .By an extraordinary oversight Timaeus of Tauromenium commits himself to the statement that it was not customary with the Greeks to possess slaves.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note9">He may have been referring to pre-Homeric times, cp.<cit><bibl n="Hdt. 6.137" default="NO" valid="yes">Herod. 6, 137,</bibl><quote lang="greek">οὐ γὰρ εἷναι τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον σφίσι κω οὐδὲ τοῖσι ἄλλοισι Ἕλλησι οἰκέτας.</quote></cit></note>. . .These considerations would lead us to trust Aristotle rather<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note10">Locri Epizephyrii colonised by certain slaves who had obtained their freedom, and by some free born women.</note>than Timaeus. His next statement is still more strange. For to suppose, with Timaeus, that it was unlikely that men, who had been the slaves of the allies of the Lacedaemonians, would continue the kindly feelings and adopt the friendships of their late masters is foolish. For when they have had the good fortune to recover their freedom, and a certain time has elapsed, men, who have been slaves, not only endeavour to adopt the friendships of their late masters, but also their ties of hospitality and blood: in fact, their aim is to keep them up even more than the ties of nature, for the express purpose of thereby wiping out the remembrance of their former degradation and humble position; because they wish to pose as the descendants of their masters rather than as their freedmen. And this is what in all probability happened in the case of the Locrians. They had removed to a great distance from all who knew their secret; the lapse of time favoured their pretensions; and they were not therefore so foolish as to maintain any customs likely to revive the memory of their own degradation,<pb n="86" />rather than such as would contribute to conceal it. Therefore they very naturally called their city by the name of that from which the women came; and claimed a relationship with those women: and, moreover, renewed the friendships which were ancestral to the families of the women.And this also indicates that there is no sign of Aristotle<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note11">The Locrians then were naturally friends of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a> and enemies of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athens&groupId=379&placeId=715">Athens</a>.</note>being wrong in saying that the Athenians ravaged their territory. For it being quite natural, as I have shown, that the men who started from Locri and landed in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, if they were slaves ten times over, should adopt friendly relations with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>, it becomes also natural that the Athenians should be rendered hostile to them, not so much from regard to their origin as to their policy.It is not, again, likely that the Lacedaemonians should themselves send their young men home from the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note12">The reason of the women of Locris (in Greece) leaving their homes with the slaves.</note>camp for the sake of begetting children, and should refuse to allow the Locrians to do the same. Two things in such a statement are not only improbable but untrue. In the first place, they were not likely to have prevented the Locrians doing so, when they did the same themselves, for that would be wholly inconsistent: nor were the Locrians, in obedience to orders from them, likely to have adopted a custom like theirs. (For in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a> it is a traditional law, and a matter of common custom, for three or four men to have one wife, and even more if they are brothers; and when a man has begotten enough children, it is quite proper and usual for him to sell his wife to one of his friends.) The fact is, that though the Locrians, not being bound by the same oath as the Lacedaemonians, that they would not return home till they had taken Messene, had a fair pretext for not taking part in the common expedition;<note anchored="yes" resp="fww" place="unspecified" id="note13">lines 32 and 33: "had a fair pretext for not taking part in the common expedition" should read "very naturally took no part in the general despatch of men home to their wives."</note>yet, by returning home only one by one, and at rare intervals, they gave their wives an opportunity of becoming familiar with the slaves instead of their original husbands, and still more so the unmarried women. And this was the reason of the migration. . . .
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Walbank Commentary