<head lang="la">III. De Aliis Timaei Erroribus</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="diasu%2Fras">διασύρας</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Apolu%2Fbios">Πολύβιος</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fmaion">Τίμαιον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dqi%2Fs">αὖθίς</w> <w lemma="fhsi:">φησι·</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fs">Τίς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="doi%2Fh">δοίη</w> <w lemma="suggnw%2Fmhn">συγγνώμην</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftois">τοιούτοις</w> <w lemma="a%28marth%2Fmasin">ἁμαρτήμασιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllws">ἄλλως</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atimai%2Fw%7C">Τιμαίῳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="prosfuome%2Fnw%7C">προσφυομένῳ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="parwnuxi%2Fas">παρωνυχίας</w>;
<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="ai%28%3Ds">αἷς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqeopo%2Fmpou">Θεοπόμπου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kathgorei%3D">κατηγορεῖ</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="%2Adionusi%2Fou">Διονυσίου</w> <w lemma="poihsame%2Fnou">ποιησαμένου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nakomidh%5Cn">ἀνακομιδὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Ako%2Frinqon">Κόρινθον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="makra%3D%7C">μακρᾷ</w> <w lemma="nhi%2F">νηί</w>, <w lemma="%2Aqeo%2Fpompo%2Fs">Θεόπομπός</w> <w lemma="fhsin">φησιν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="stroggu%2Flh%7C">στρογγύλῃ</w> <w lemma="paragene%2Fsqai">παραγενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Adionu%2Fsion">Διονύσιον</w>,
<w lemma="%2A%29efo%2Frou">Ἐφόρου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgnoian">ἄγνοιαν</w> <w lemma="katayeu%2Fdetai">καταψεύδεται</w>, <w lemma="fa%2Fskwn">φάσκων</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2Adionu%2Fsios">Διονύσιος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="presbu%2Fteros">πρεσβύτερος</w> <w lemma="parela%2Fmbane">παρελάμβανε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29tw%3Dn">ἐτῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="triw%3Dn">τριῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxwn">ὑπάρχων</w>, <w lemma="dunasteu%2Fsai">δυναστεύσαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tettara%2Fkonta">τετταράκοντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w>, <w lemma="metalla%2Fcai">μεταλλάξαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="proslabw%5Cn">προσλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%2Fkonta">ἑξήκοντα</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fa:">τρία·</w>
<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fpeie">εἴπειε</w> <w lemma="dh%2Fpou">δήπου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fws">συγγραφέως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fptwma">διάπτωμα</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="grafe%2Fws">γραφέως</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnws:">ὁμολογουμένως·</w>
<w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Feforon">Ἔφορον</w> <w lemma="u%28perbebhke%2Fnai">ὑπερβεβηκέναι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="mwri%2Fa%7C">μωρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ako%2Froibon">Κόροιβον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Amargi%2Fthn">Μαργίτην</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cs">δυνατὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="sullogi%2Fzesqai">συλλογίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tettara%2Fkonta">τετταράκοντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="prosteqe%2Fnta">προστεθέντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="trisi%5Cn">τρισὶν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%2Fkonta">ἑξήκοντα</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte:">πέντε·</w>
<w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="mhdamw%3Ds">μηδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="pisteuqe%2Fntos">πιστευθέντος</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29efo%2Frou">Ἐφόρου</w> <w lemma="fanero%5Cn">φανερὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%28ma%2Frthma">ἁμάρτημα</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="grafe%2Fws">γραφέως</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Atimai%2Fou">Τιμαίου</w> <w lemma="filepi%2Ftimon">φιλεπίτιμον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="file%2Fgklhmon">φιλέγκλημον</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="a%29pode%2Fcaito">ἀποδέξαιτο</w>.
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<head>The Errors of Timaeus</head>The idea, however, of all the animals in the island<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note4">the reason of his mistake.</note>being wild, has arisen in the following way: The caretakers cannot keep up with their animals, owing to the thick woods and rocky broken nature of the country; but, whenever they wish to collect them, they stand on some convenient spots and call the beasts together by the sound of a trumpet; and all of them flock without fail to their own trumpets. Now, when ships arrive at the coast. and the sailors see goats or cattle grazing without<pb n="81" />any one with them, and thereupon try to catch them, the animals will not let them come near them, because they are not used to them, but will scamper off. But as soon as the keeper sees the men disembarking and sounds his trumpet, they all set off running at full speed and collect round the trumpet. This gives the appearance of wildness; and Timaeus, who made only careless and perfunctory inquiries, committed himself to a random statement.Now this obedience to the sound of a trumpet is<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note5">Swine-keeping in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>.</note>nothing astonishing. For in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> the swineherds manage the feeding of their pigs in the same way. They do not follow close behind the beasts, as in Greece, but keep some distance in front of them, sounding their horn every now and then; and the animals follow behind and run together at the sound. Indeed, the complete familiarity which the animals show with the particular horn to which they belong seems at first astonishing and almost incredible. For owing to the populousness and wealth of the country, the droves of swine in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> are exceedingly large, especially along the sea coast of the Tuscans and Gauls: for one sow will bring up a thousand pigs, or sometimes even more. They therefore drive them out from their night styes to feed, according to their litters and ages. Whence, if several droves are taken to the same place, they cannot preserve these distinction of litters; but they of course get mixed up with each other, both as they are being driven out, and as they feed, and as they are being brought home. Accordingly the device of the horn-blowing has been invented to separate them, when they have got mixed up together, without labour or trouble. For as they feed, one swineherd goes in one direction sounding his horn, and another in another: and thus the animals sort themselves of their own accord, and follow their own horns with such eagerness that it is impossible by any means to stop or hinder them. But in Greece, when the swine get mixed up in the oak forests in their search for the mast, the swineherd who has most assistants and the best help at his disposal, when collecting his own animals, drives off his neighbour's also. Sometimes too a thief lies in wait, and drives them off without the swineherd knowing how he lost<pb n="82" />them; because the beasts straggle a long way from their drivers, in their eagerness to find acorns, when they are just beginning to fall. . . .
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Walbank Commentary