<w lemma="zw%2Fntwn">ζώντων</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Flabe">ὑπέλαβε</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="parathrh%2Fsein">παρατηρήσειν</w>. <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="au%29%2Fcein">αὔξειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Fthn">τηλικαύτην</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai%2F">εἶναί</w> <w lemma="fhsi">φησι</w> <w lemma="diafora%5Cn">διαφορὰν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pideiktikou%5Cs">ἐπιδεικτικοὺς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w>, <w lemma="h%28li%2Fkhn">ἡλίκην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lh%2Fqeian">ἀλήθειαν</w> <w lemma="w%29%7Ckodomhme%2Fna">ᾠκοδομημένα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kateskeuasme%2Fna">κατεσκευασμένα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="skhnografi%2Fais">σκηνογραφίαις</w> <w lemma="fainome%2Fnwn">φαινομένων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diaqe%2Fsewn:">διαθέσεων·</w>
<w lemma="deu%2Fteron">δεύτερον</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5C">αὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunaqroi%3Dsai%2F">συναθροῖσαί</w> <w lemma="fhsi">φησι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w> <w lemma="mei%3Dzon">μεῖζον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgon">ἔργον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhs">ὅλης</w> <w lemma="pragmatei%2Fas">πραγματείας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pideiktikou%5Cs">ἐπιδεικτικοὺς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous:">λόγους·</w>
<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="gou%3Dn">γοῦν</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Fthn">τηλικαύτην</w> <w lemma="u%28pomemenhke%2Fnai">ὑπομεμενηκέναι</w> <w lemma="dapa%2Fnhn">δαπάνην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kakopa%2Fqeian">κακοπάθειαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sunagagei%3Dn">συναγαγεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akurni%2Fwn">Κυρνίων</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnh%2Fmata">ὑπομνήματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polupragmonh%3Dsai">πολυπραγμονῆσαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Aligu%2Fwn">Λιγύων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqh">ἔθη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibh%2Frwn">Ἰβήρων</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mh%2Ft%27">μήτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fsai">ἐλπίσαι</w> <w lemma="mh%2Ft%27">μήτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frous">ἑτέρους</w> <w lemma="e%29chgoume%2Fnous">ἐξηγουμένους</w> <w lemma="pisteuqh%3Dnai">πιστευθῆναι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>.
<w lemma="h%28de%2Fws">ἡδέως</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Froito">ἔροιτο</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fa">συγγραφέα</w> <w lemma="po%2Fteron">πότερον</w> <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnei">ὑπολαμβάνει</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fzonos">μείζονος</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dsqai">δεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="dapa%2Fnhs">δαπάνης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kakopaqei%2Fas">κακοπαθείας</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fmenon">καθήμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fstei">ἄστει</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fgein">συνάγειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnh%2Fmata">ὑπομνήματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polupragmonei%3Dn">πολυπραγμονεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Aligu%2Fwn">Λιγύων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqh">ἔθη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="peiraqh%3Dnai">πειραθῆναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstwn">πλείστων</w> <w lemma="e%29qnw%3Dn">ἐθνῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="au%29to%2Fpthn">αὐτόπτην</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w>.
<w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29%3D">αὖ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="punqa%2Fnesqai">πυνθάνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fceis">παρατάξεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fas">πολιορκίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="naumaxi%2Fas">ναυμαχίας</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paratetuxhko%2Ftwn">παρατετυχηκότων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnois">κινδύνοις</w>, <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pei%3Dran">πεῖραν</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="deinw%3Dn">δεινῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="sumbaino%2Fntwn">συμβαινόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w>;
<w lemma="e%29gw%5C">ἐγὼ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fomai">οἴομαι</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Fthn">τηλικαύτην</w> <w lemma="diafora%5Cn">διαφορὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lh%2Fqeian">ἀλήθειαν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kodomh%2Fmata">οἰκοδομήματα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="skhnografi%2Fais">σκηνογραφίαις</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pideiktikw%3Dn">ἐπιδεικτικῶν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgwn">λόγων</w>, <w lemma="h%28li%2Fkhn">ἡλίκην</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="pasw%3Dn">πασῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fcewn">συντάξεων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="au%29tourgi%2Fas">αὐτουργίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="au%29topaqei%2Fas">αὐτοπαθείας</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Ffasin">ἀπόφασιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29koh%3Ds">ἀκοῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dihgh%2Fmatos">διηγήματος</w> <w lemma="grafome%2Fnwn:">γραφομένων·</w>
<w lemma="h%28%3Ds">ἧς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fpeiros">ἄπειρος</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Flabe">ὑπέλαβε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fxiston">ἐλάχιστον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%3D%7Cston">ῥᾷστον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xalepw%2Ftaton">χαλεπώτατον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pragmateuome%2Fnois">πραγματευομένοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w>, <w lemma="le%2Fgw">λέγω</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fgein">συνάγειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnh%2Fmata">ὑπομνήματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="punqa%2Fnesqai">πυνθάνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29do%2Ftwn">εἰδότων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkasta">ἕκαστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w>.
<w lemma="kai%2Ftoi">καίτοι</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkh">ἀνάγκη</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="diayeu%2Fdesqai">διαψεύδεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29pei%2Frous:">ἀπείρους·</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Do%2Fn">οἷόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29nakri%3Dnai">ἀνακρῖναι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fcews">παρατάξεως</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fas">πολιορκίας</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="naumaxi%2Fas">ναυμαχίας</w>; <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunei%3Dnai">συνεῖναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29chgoume%2Fnwn">ἐξηγουμένων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="a%29nenno%2Fhton">ἀνεννόητον</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w>;
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flatton">ἔλαττον</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="punqano%2Fmenos">πυνθανόμενος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29paggello%2Fntwn">ἀπαγγελλόντων</w> <w lemma="sumba%2Flletai">συμβάλλεται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fghsin:">ἐξήγησιν·</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="parepome%2Fnwn">παρεπομένων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fmnhsis">ὑπόμνησις</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5C">αὐτὴ</w> <w lemma="xeiragwgei%3D">χειραγωγεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29chgou%2Fmenon">ἐξηγούμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkasta">ἕκαστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumbebhko%2Ftwn:">συμβεβηκότων·</w>
<w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fpeiros">ἄπειρος</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nakri%3Dnai">ἀνακρῖναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="paragegono%2Ftas">παραγεγονότας</w> <w lemma="i%28kano%2Fs">ἱκανός</w> <w lemma="e%29stin">ἐστιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="sumparw%5Cn">συμπαρὼν</w> <w lemma="gnw%3Dnai">γνῶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="ka%29%5Cn">κἂν</w> <w lemma="parh%3D%7C">παρῇ</w>, <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="parw%5Cn">παρὼν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Frestin">πάρεστιν</w>.
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<head>Mere Inquiry Is Insufficient</head>It is such a man that the dignity of history appears to<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note50">Historians must be practical men.</note>me to require. Plato says that "human affairs will not go well until either philosophers become kings or kings become philosophers."<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note51"><bibl n="Plat. Rep. 473c" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Republic,</title>v. 473 C</bibl>.<bibl n="Plat. Rep. 499b" default="NO" valid="yes">vi. 499 B</bibl>.</note>So I should say that history will never be properly written, until either men of action undertake to write it (not as they do now, as a matter of secondary importance; but, with the conviction that it is their most necessary and honourable employment, shall devote themselves through life exclusively to it), or historians become convinced that practical experience is of the first importance for historical composition. Until that time arrives there will always be abundance of blunders in the writings of historians. Timaeus, however, quite disregarded all this. He spent his life in one place, of which he was not even a citizen; and thus deliberately renounced all active career either in war or politics, and all personal exertion in travel and inspection of localities: and yet, somehow or another, he has managed to obtain the reputation of a master in the art of history.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note52">Timaeus on ephorus.</note>To prove that I have not misrepresented him, it is easy to bring the evidence of Timaeus himself. In the preface to his sixth book he says that "some people suppose that more genius, industry, and preparation are required for rhetorical than for historical composition." And that "this opinion had been formerly advanced against Ephorus." Then because this writer had been unable to refute those who held it, he undertakes himself to draw a comparison between history and rhetorical compositions: a most unnecessary proceeding altogether. In the first place he misrepresents Ephorus. For in truth, admirable as Ephorus is throughout his whole work, in style, treatment, and argumentative acuteness, he is never more brilliant than in his digressions and statements of his personal views: in fact, whenever he is adding anything in the shape of a commentary or a<pb n="115" />note. And it so happens that his most elegant and convincing digression is on this very subject of a comparison between historians and speech-writers. But Timaeus is anxious not to be thought to follow Ephorus. Therefore, in addition to misrepresenting him and condemning the rest, he enters upon a long, confused, and in every way inferior, discussion of what had been already sufficiently handled by others; and expected that no one living would detect him.
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Walbank Commentary