Polybius, Histories

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Book 12 - Chapter 26d

1
<w lemma="%2Ato%5C">Τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5C">αὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atimai%2Fw%7C">Τιμαίῳ</w> <w lemma="sumbe%2Fbhke">συμβέβηκε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="zhlwtai%3Ds:">ζηλωταῖς·</w> <w lemma="paradocolo%2Fgos">παραδοξολόγος</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filo%2Fneikos">φιλόνεικος</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="proteqe%5Cn">προτεθὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="katape%2Fplhktai">καταπέπληκται</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgois">λόγοις</w>, <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkake">ἠνάγκακε</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3D%7C">αὑτῷ</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fxein">προσέχειν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Ffasin">ἐπίφασιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinologi%2Fas">ἀληθινολογίας</w>, <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proske%2Fklhtai">προσκέκληται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29podei%2Fcews">ἀποδείξεως</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="pei%2Fsein">πείσειν</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="g%27">γ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29nei%2Frgastai">ἐνείργασται</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcan">δόξαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29poiki%2Fas">ἀποικίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kti%2Fseis">κτίσεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suggenei%2Fas">συγγενείας</w> <w lemma="a%29pofa%2Fsewn:">ἀποφάσεων·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Fthn">τηλικαύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Ffasin">ἐπίφασιν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29kribologi%2Fas">ἀκριβολογίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pikri%2Fas">πικρίας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29le%2Fgxwn">ἐλέγχων</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dtai">χρῆται</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flas">πέλας</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fas">συγγραφέας</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas">ἅπαντας</w> <w lemma="sugkekoimh%3Dsqai">συγκεκοιμῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasi">πράγμασι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katesxediake%2Fnai">κατεσχεδιακέναι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29koume%2Fnhs">οἰκουμένης</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29chtake%2Fnai">ἐξητακέναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29kri%2Fbeian">ἀκρίβειαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dieukrinhke%2Fnai">διευκρινηκέναι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28giw%3Ds">ὑγιῶς</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgetai">λέγεται</w>, <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="yeudw%3Ds">ψευδῶς</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="suntrafe%2Fntes">συντραφέντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftois">πρώτοις</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnh%2Fmasin">ὑπομνήμασιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="ei%29si%5C">εἰσὶ</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fceis">συντάξεις</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpasan">ἅπασαν</w> <w lemma="suntacame%2Fnw%7C">συνταξαμένῳ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolh%5Cn">ὑπερβολὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29paggeli%2Fas">ἐπαγγελίας</w> <w lemma="a%29popisteu%2Fswsi">ἀποπιστεύσωσι</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%2Fpeita%2F">κἄπειτά</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29podeiknu%2Fh%7C">ἀποδεικνύῃ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fmaion">Τίμαιον</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="pikro%2Ftato%2Fs">πικρότατός</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flas">πέλας</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnoxon">ἔνοχον</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="h%28mei%3Ds">ἡμεῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29rti%2Fws">ἀρτίως</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Alokrw%3Dn">Λοκρῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="parapai%2Fonta">παραπαίοντα</w> <w lemma="sunesth%2Fsamen">συνεστήσαμεν</w>,
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<w lemma="duse%2Frides">δυσέριδες</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnontai">γίνονται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filo%2Fneikoi">φιλόνεικοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusmeta%2Fqetoi">δυσμετάθετοι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpos">ἔπος</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="filoponw%2Ftata">φιλοπονώτατα</w> <w lemma="prosedreu%2Fsantes">προσεδρεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnh%2Fmasin">ὑπομνήμασιν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pofe%2Frontai">ἀποφέρονται</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lusitele%5Cs">λυσιτελὲς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagnw%2Fsews">ἀναγνώσεως</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="dhmhgori%2Fais">δημηγορίαις</w> <w lemma="prossxo%2Fntes">προσσχόντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="diecodikoi%3Ds">διεξοδικοῖς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgois">λόγοις</w> <w lemma="meirakiw%2Fdeis">μειρακιώδεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diatribikoi%5C">διατριβικοὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="a%29nalh%2Fqeis">ἀναλήθεις</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnontai">γίνονται</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="r%28hqei%2Fsas">ῥηθείσας</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w>.
<head>Sophistical Commonplaces</head>For first he "thinks that he should remind the congress<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note42">B.C. 405. Hermocrates was not there.<bibl n="Xen. Hell. 1.1.27" default="NO" valid="yes">Xen.<title>Hellen.</title>1, 1, 27-31</bibl>.</note>that in war sleepers are woke at dawn by bugles, in peace by cocks."<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note43">For this proverb see Plutarch,<cit><bibl n="Plut. Nic. 9" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Nicias,</title>ch. 9,</bibl><quote lang="greek">ἡδέως μεμνημένοι τοῦ εἰπόντος ὅτι τοὺς ἐν εἰρήνῃ καθεύδοντας οὐ σάλπιγγες ἀλλ᾽ ἀλεκτρυόνες ἀφυτνίζουσι.</quote></cit></note>Then he says that "Hercules established the Olympic games and the sacred truce during them, as an exemplification of his own principles;" and that "he had injured all those persons against whom he waged war, under compulsion and in obedience to the order of another, but was never voluntarily the author of harm to any man."<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note44"><bibl n="Plut. Nic. 25" default="NO" valid="yes"><foreign lang="la">Ib.</foreign>ch. 25</bibl>.</note>Next he quotes the instance of Zeus in Homer as being displeased with Ares, and saying<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note45">Homer,<bibl n="Hom. Il. 5.890" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Il.</title>5. 890</bibl>.</note>—<quote><l>"Of all the gods that on Olympus dwell</l><l>I hold thee most detested; for thy joy</l><l>Is ever strife and war and battle."</l></quote>And again the wisest of the heroes says<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note46">Homer<bibl n="Hom. Il. 9.63" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Il.</title>9, 63</bibl>.</note>—<pb n="110" /><quote><l>"He is a wretch, insensible and dead</l><l>To all the charities of social life,</l><l>Whose pleasure is in civil broil and war."</l></quote>Then he goes on to allege that Euripides agrees with Homer in the lines<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note47">Euripides, fr.</note>—<quote><l>"O well of infinite riches!</l><l>O fairest of beings divine!</l><l>O Peace, how alas! thou delayest;</l><l>My heart for thy coming is fain.</l><l>I tremble lest age overtake me,</l><l>Ere thy beauty and grace I behold;</l><l>Ere the maidens shall sing in their dancing,</l><l>And revels be gladsome with flowers."</l></quote>Next he remarks that "war is like disease, peace like health; for that the latter restores those that are sick, while in the former even the healthy perish. Moreover, in time of peace, the old are buried by the young as nature directs, while in war the case is reversed; and above all in war there is no security even as far as the city walls, while in peace it extends to the frontier of the territory"—and so on. I wonder what other arguments would have been employed by a youth who had just devoted himself to scholastic exercises and studies in history; and who wished, according to the rules of the art, to adapt his words to the supposed speakers? Just these I think which Timaeus represents Hermocrates as using.