Polybius, Histories

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Book 11 - Chapter 12

1
<w lemma="%2A%28%2Fama">Ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fnopton">σύνοπτον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="paragenome%2Fnhn">παραγενομένην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuo%2Fmenos">ἐπιπορευόμενος</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="susth%2Fmata">συστήματα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="falaggitw%3Dn">φαλαγγιτῶν</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flei">παρεκάλει</w> <w lemma="braxe%2Fws">βραχέως</w> <w lemma="me%2Fn">μέν</w>, <w lemma="e%29mfantikw%3Ds">ἐμφαντικῶς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fntos">παρόντος</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnou">κινδύνου</w>.
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<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dsta">πλεῖστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnwn">λεγομένων</w> <w lemma="a%29safh%3D">ἀσαφῆ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai:">γίνεσθαι·</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlwn">ὄχλων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqumi%2Fan">προθυμίαν</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fsth">παρέστη</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="paraplhsi%2Fan">παραπλησίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29nqousiasmw%3D%7C">ἐνθουσιασμῷ</w>. <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipara%2Fklhsin">ἀντιπαράκλησιν</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qarrei%3Dn">θαρρεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="parakeleuome%2Fnwn:">παρακελευομένων·</w>
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<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="me%2Fntoi">μέντοι</w> <w lemma="para%2Fpan">παράπαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelw%3Ds">ἐπιμελῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29peira%3Dto">ἐπειρᾶτο</w> <w lemma="diasafei%3Dn">διασαφεῖν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="la%2Fboi">λάβοι</w> <w lemma="kairo%2Fn">καιρόν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxra%3Ds">αἰσχρᾶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29poneidi%2Fstou">ἐπονειδίστου</w> <w lemma="doulei%2Fas">δουλείας</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="a%29eimnh%2Fstou">ἀειμνήστου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lampra%3Ds">λαμπρᾶς</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fas">ἐλευθερίας</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fsthken">συνέστηκεν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="parw%5Cn">παρὼν</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunos">κίνδυνος</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amaxani%2Fdas">Μαχανίδας</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Fdeicen">ὑπέδειξεν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="o%29rqi%2Fa%7C">ὀρθίᾳ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flaggi">φάλαγγι</w> <w lemma="prosmi%2Fcwn">προσμίξων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn:">πολεμίων·</w> <w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29plhsi%2Fase">ἐπλησίασε</w>, <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmmetron">σύμμετρον</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fsthma">ἀπόστημα</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fkla">περιέκλα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fru">δόρυ</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parektei%2Fnas">παρεκτείνας</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fson">ἴσον</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhse">ἐποίησε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="eu%29wnu%2Fmw%7C">εὐωνύμῳ</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="katape%2Fltas">καταπέλτας</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fsthse">ἐπέστησε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="diasth%2Fmasin">διαστήμασιν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Afilopoi%2Fmhn">Φιλοποίμην</w> <w lemma="qeasa%2Fmenos">θεασάμενος</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%2Fn">ἐπιβολήν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="katape%2Fltais">καταπέλταις</w> <w lemma="e%29peno%2Fei">ἐπενόει</w> <w lemma="balw%5Cn">βαλὼν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="spei%2Fras">σπείρας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="falaggitw%3Dn">φαλαγγιτῶν</w> <w lemma="traumati%2Fzein">τραυματίζειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qo%2Frubon">θόρυβον</w> <w lemma="e%29mpoiei%3Dn">ἐμποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flois">ὅλοις</w>,
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<w lemma="ou%29ke%2Fti">οὐκέτι</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdwken">ἔδωκεν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nastrofh%2Fn">ἀναστροφήν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Ataranti%2Fnwn">Ταραντίνων</w> <w lemma="e%29nergw%3Ds">ἐνεργῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%3Dto">ἐχρῆτο</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="katarxh%3D%7C">καταρχῇ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnou">κινδύνου</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Aposei%2Fdion">Ποσείδιον</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdous">ἐπιπέδους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppikh%5Cn">ἱππικὴν</w> <w lemma="eu%29fuei%3Ds">εὐφυεῖς</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amaxani%2Fdas">Μαχανίδας</w> <w lemma="o%28rw%3Dn">ὁρῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="h%29nagka%2Fzeto">ἠναγκάζετο</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunafei%3Dnai">συναφεῖναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ataranti%2Fnous">Ταραντίνους</w>.
<head>Battle of Mantinea</head>As soon as the enemy were well in sight, Philopoemen went down the ranks of the phalanx, and addressed to them an exhortation which, though short, clearly pointed out to them the nature of the battle in which they were engaged. But most of what he said was rendered inaudible by the answering shouts of the troops. The affection and confidence of the men rose to such a pitch of enthusiasm and zeal that they seemed to be almost acting under a divine inspiration, as they cried out to him to lead them on and fear nothing. However he tried, when he could get the opportunity, to make this much clear to them, that the battle on the one side was to establish a shameful and ignominious servitude, on the other to vindicate an ever-memorable and glorious liberty.Machanidas at first looked as though he meant to attack the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note16">The attack of Machanidas.</note>enemy's right wing in column; but when he got within moderate distance he deployed into line by the right, and by this extension movement made his right wing cover the same amount of ground as the left wing of the Achaeans, and fixed his catapults in front of the whole force at intervals. Philopoemen understood that the enemy's plan was, by pouring volleys from the catapults into his phalanx, to throw the ranks into confusion: he therefore gave him no time or interval of repose, but opened the<pb n="59" />engagement by a vigorous charge of his Tarentines<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note17">The "Tarentines" were horsemen armed with light skirmishing javelins. See<ref target="b4c77" targOrder="U">4, 77</ref>;<ref target="b16c18" targOrder="U">16, 18</ref>; and cp. Arrian,<bibl n="Arr. Tact. 4.15" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Tact.</title>4, § 5</bibl>;<bibl n="Arr. Tact. 18.2" default="NO" valid="yes">18, § 2</bibl>.<bibl n="Liv. 35.18" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, 35, 28</bibl>;<bibl n="Liv. 37.40" default="NO" valid="yes">37, 40</bibl>.</note>close to the temple of Poseidon, where the ground was flat and suitable for cavalry.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note18">The battle begun by light-cavalry charges.</note>Whereupon Machanidas was constrained to follow suit by sending his Tarentines forward also.