Polybius, Histories

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Book 10 - Chapter 22

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<w lemma="%2Afilopoi%2Fmhn">Φιλοποίμην</w> <w lemma="toi%2Fnun">τοίνυν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffu">ἔφυ</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds:">καλῶς·</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanesta%2Ftwn">ἐπιφανεστάτων</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadi%2Fan">Ἀρκαδίαν</w>, <w lemma="trafei%5Cs">τραφεὶς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paideuqei%5Cs">παιδευθεὶς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Akle%2Fandron">Κλέανδρον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Amantine%2Fa">Μαντινέα</w>, <w lemma="patriko%5Cn">πατρικὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="ce%2Fnon">ξένον</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxonta">ὑπάρχοντα</w>, <w lemma="fugadeu%2Fonta">φυγαδεύοντα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%2Fs">καιρούς</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amantine%2Fwn">Μαντινέων</w> <w lemma="e%29pifane%2Fstaton">ἐπιφανέστατον</w>.
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="parageno%2Fmenos">παραγενόμενος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="h%28liki%2Fan">ἡλικίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="zhlwth%5Cs">ζηλωτὴς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ekdh%2Fmou">Ἐκδήμου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmofa%2Fnous">Δημοφάνους</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Amega%2Flhs">Μεγάλης</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="feu%2Fgontes">φεύγοντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnous">τυράννους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumbiw%2Fsantes">συμβιώσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkesi%2Fla%7C">Ἀρκεσίλᾳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="filoso%2Ffw%7C">φιλοσόφῳ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fugh%5Cn">φυγὴν</w> <w lemma="h%29leuqe%2Frwsan">ἠλευθέρωσαν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w>, <w lemma="susthsa%2Fmenoi">συστησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aristodh%2Fmou">Ἀριστοδήμου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w>,
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<w lemma="sunepela%2Fbonto">συνεπελάβοντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="katalu%2Fsews">καταλύσεως</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikuwni%2Fwn">Σικυωνίων</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="%2Anikokle%2Fous">Νικοκλέους</w>, <w lemma="koinwnh%2Fsantes">κοινωνήσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftw%7C">Ἀράτῳ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds:">ἐπιβολῆς·</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akurhnai%2Fwn">Κυρηναίων</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="metapemyame%2Fnwn">μεταπεμψαμένων</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanw%3Ds">ἐπιφανῶς</w> <w lemma="prou%2Fsthsan">προύστησαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diefu%2Flacan">διεφύλαξαν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fan">ἐλευθερίαν</w>,
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<w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="h%28liki%2Fan">ἡλικίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="sumbiw%2Fsas">συμβιώσας</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffere">διέφερε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="peri%2F">περί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kunhgi%2Fois">κυνηγίοις</w> <w lemma="kakopaqei%2Fas">κακοπαθείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flmas">τόλμας</w> <w lemma="peri%2F">περί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemikoi%3Ds">πολεμικοῖς</w>,
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<w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelh%5Cs">ἐπιμελὴς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lito%5Cs">λιτὸς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="perikoph%2Fn">περικοπήν</w>, <w lemma="pareilhfw%5Cs">παρειληφὼς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcas">δόξας</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Do%2Fn">οἷόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="koinw%3Dn">κοινῶν</w> <w lemma="prostatei%3Dn">προστατεῖν</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrou%3Dnta">ὀλιγωροῦντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fdion">ἴδιον</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29posxe%2Fsqai">ἀποσχέσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fstis">ὅστις</w> <w lemma="polutele%2Fsteron">πολυτελέστερον</w> <w lemma="zh%3D%7C">ζῇ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fparcin">ὕπαρξιν</w> <w lemma="xorhgi%2Fas">χορηγίας</w>.
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<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="katastaqei%5Cs">κατασταθεὶς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppa%2Frxhs">ἱππάρχης</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paralabw%5Cn">παραλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fgmata">συντάγματα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="panti%5C">παντὶ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="katefqarme%2Fna">κατεφθαρμένα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="yuxa%5Cs">ψυχὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28tthme%2Fnas">ἡττημένας</w>,
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="belti%2Fous">βελτίους</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="krei%2Fttous">κρείττους</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgw%7C">ὀλίγῳ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnw%7C">χρόνῳ</w> <w lemma="kateskeu%2Fase">κατεσκεύασε</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinh%5Cn">ἀληθινὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fskhsin">ἄσκησιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dlon">ζῆλον</w> <w lemma="e%29piteuktiko%5Cn">ἐπιτευκτικὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29mbiba%2Fsas">ἐμβιβάσας</w>.
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dstoi">πλεῖστοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqistame%2Fnwn">καθισταμένων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnhn">προειρημένην</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29dunami%2Fan">ἀδυναμίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppikoi%3Ds">ἱππικοῖς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="plhsi%2Fon">πλησίον</w> <w lemma="tolmw%3Dsin">τολμῶσιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkei">καθήκει</w> <w lemma="prosta%2Fttein">προστάττειν</w>,
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="strathgi%2Fas">στρατηγίας</w> <w lemma="o%29rego%2Fmenoi">ὀρεγόμενοι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29ceriqeu%2Fontai">ἐξεριθεύονται</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fous">νέους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fzousin">παρασκευάζουσιν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnous">εὔνους</w> <w lemma="sunagwnista%5Cs">συναγωνιστὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllon">μέλλον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29pitimw%3Dntes">ἐπιτιμῶντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="deome%2Fnw%7C">δεομένῳ</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpou">τρόπου</w> <w lemma="sw%2F%7Czetai">σῴζεται</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="koina%2F">κοινά</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="sumperiste%2Fllontes">συμπεριστέλλοντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%28marti%2Fas">ἁμαρτίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mikra%3D%7C">μικρᾷ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Friti">χάριτι</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="bla%2Fptontes">βλάπτοντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pisteu%2Fontas">πιστεύοντας</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="pote">ποτε</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnointo">γένοιντο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxo%2Fntwn">ἀρχόντων</w> <w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="sw%3Dma">σῶμα</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fa%7C">χρείᾳ</w> <w lemma="dunatoi%5C">δυνατοὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="koinw%3Dn">κοινῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxesqai">ἀπέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqumoi">πρόθυμοι</w>, <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrou%2Fntwn">ὀλιγωρούντων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kakozhlwsi%2Fan">κακοζηλωσίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29perga%2Fzontai">ἀπεργάζονται</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pezou%2Fs">πεζούς</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
<head>His Birth and Education</head>Philopoemen, then, to begin with, was of good birth,<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note43">Birth, parentage, and education of Philopoemen b. B.C. 252</note>descended from one of the noblest families in Arcadia. He was also educated under that most distinguished Mantinean, Cleander, who had been his father's friend before, and happened at that time to be in exile. When he came to man's estate he attached himself to Ecdemus and Demophanes, who were by birth natives of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megalopolis&groupId=745&placeId=1360">Megalopolis</a>, but who having been exiled by the<pb n="22" />tyrant, and having associated with the philosopher Arcesilaus during their exile, not only set their own country free by entering into an intrigue against Aristodemus the tyrant, but also helped in conjunction with Aratus to put down Nicocles, the tyrant of Sicyon. On another occasion also, on the invitation of the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyrene&groupId=521&placeId=985">Cyrene</a>, they stood forward as their champions and preserved their freedom for them. Such were the men with whom he passed his early life; and he at once began to show a superiority to his contemporaries, by his power of enduring hardships in hunting, and by his acts of daring in war. He was moreover careful in his manner of life, and moderate in the outward show which he maintained; for he had imbibed from these men the conviction, that it was impossible for a man to take the lead in public business with honour who neglected his own private affairs; nor again to abstain from embezzling public money if he lived beyond his private income.Being then appointed Hipparch by the Achaean league at<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note44">Elected Hipparch, B.C. 210. Cp.<bibl n="Plut. Phil. 7" default="NO" valid="yes">Plut.<title>Phil.</title>7</bibl>,<foreign lang="greek">συχνὸς χρόνυς</foreign>after the battle of Sallasia, B.C. 222.</note>this time, and finding the squadrons in a state of utter demoralisation, and the men thoroughly dispirited, he not only restored them to a better state than they were, but in a short time made them even superior to the enemy's cavalry, by bringing them all to adopt habits of real training and genuine emulation. The fact is that most of those who hold this office of Hipparch, either, from being without any genius themselves for cavalry tactics, do not venture to enforce necessary orders upon others; or, because they are aiming at being elected Strategus, try all through their year of office to attach the young men to themselves and to secure their favour in the coming election: and accordingly never administer necessary reprimands, which are the salvation of the public interests, but hush up all transgressions, and, for the sake of gaining an insignificant popularity, do great damage to those who trust them. Sometimes again, commanders, though neither feeble nor corrupt, do more damage to the soldiers by intemperate zeal than the negligent ones, and this is still oftener the case with regard to the cavalry. . . .