<w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="krath%2Fsantes">κρατήσαντες</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxous">τείχους</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="e%29peporeu%2Fonto">ἐπεπορεύοντο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29fodei%2Fan">ἐφοδείαν</w> <w lemma="a%29posu%2Frontes">ἀποσύροντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w>, <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="sumballome%2Fnhs">συμβαλλομένης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28pli%2Fsews">ὁπλίσεως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fas:">χρείας·</w>
<w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29fi%2Fkonto">ἀφίκοντο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pu%2Flhn">πύλην</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kataba%2Fntes">καταβάντες</w> <w lemma="die%2Fkopton">διέκοπτον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="moxlou%2Fs">μοχλούς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcwqen">ἔξωθεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29se%2Fpipton">εἰσέπιπτον</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="klima%2Fkwn">κλιμάκων</w> <w lemma="biazo%2Fmenoi">βιαζόμενοι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="i%29sqmo%2Fn">ἰσθμόν</w>, <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="kratou%3Dntes">κρατοῦντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29munome%2Fnwn">ἀμυνομένων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fbainon">ἐπέβαινον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pa%2Flceis">ἐπάλξεις</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxh">τείχη</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="katei%2Flhpto">κατείληπτο</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffon">λόφον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pu%2Flhs">πύλης</w> <w lemma="ei%29sporeuo%2Fmenoi">εἰσπορευόμενοι</w> <w lemma="katela%2Fmbanon">κατελάμβανον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29natola%2Fs">ἀνατολάς</w>, <w lemma="treya%2Fmenoi">τρεψάμενοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="fula%2Fttontas">φυλάττοντας</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29selhluqo%2Ftas">εἰσεληλυθότας</w> <w lemma="a%29cio%2Fxrews">ἀξιόχρεως</w> <w lemma="u%28pela%2Fmbanen">ὑπελάμβανεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstous">πλείστους</w> <w lemma="e%29fh%3Dke">ἐφῆκε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqos">ἔθος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w>, <w lemma="paraggei%2Flas">παραγγείλας</w> <w lemma="ktei%2Fnein">κτείνειν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="paratuxo%2Fnta">παρατυχόντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhdeno%5Cs">μηδενὸς</w> <w lemma="fei%2Fdesqai">φείδεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="mhde%5C">μηδὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="w%29felei%2Fas">ὠφελείας</w> <w lemma="o%28rma%3Dn">ὁρμᾶν</w>, <w lemma="me%2Fxris">μέχρις</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="a%29podoqh%3D%7C">ἀποδοθῇ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fnqhma">σύνθημα</w>. <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dsi">δοκοῦσι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="kataplh%2Fcews">καταπλήξεως</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin:">χάριν·</w>
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="i%29dei%3Dn">ἰδεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="katalh%2Fyesi">καταλήψεσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpous">ἀνθρώπους</w> <w lemma="pefoneume%2Fnous">πεφονευμένους</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ku%2Fnas">κύνας</w> <w lemma="dedixotomhme%2Fnous">δεδιχοτομημένους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="zw%2F%7Cwn">ζῴων</w> <w lemma="me%2Flh">μέλη</w> <w lemma="parakekomme%2Fna">παρακεκομμένα</w>.
<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dton">τοιοῦτον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kateilhmme%2Fnwn">κατειλημμένων</w>.
<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Frmhse">ὥρμησε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkran">ἄκραν</w>. <w lemma="e%29ggi%2Fsantos">ἐγγίσαντος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Flleto">ἐπεβάλλετο</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fgwn">Μάγων</w> <w lemma="a%29mu%2Fnesqai">ἀμύνεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="sunnoh%2Fsas">συννοήσας</w> <w lemma="bebai%2Fws">βεβαίως</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="kateilhmme%2Fnhn">κατειλημμένην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="diepe%2Fmyato">διεπέμψατο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fdwke">παρέδωκε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkran">ἄκραν</w>.
<w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fmatos">συνθήματος</w> <w lemma="a%29podoqe%2Fntos">ἀποδοθέντος</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="foneu%2Fein">φονεύειν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsthsan">ἀπέστησαν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Frmhsan">ὥρμησαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%28rpaga%2Fs">ἁρπαγάς</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnhs">ἐπιγενομένης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nukto%5Cs">νυκτὸς</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3Ds">παρεμβολῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmenon">ἔμενον</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftw">οὕτω</w> <w lemma="diatetagme%2Fnon:">διατεταγμένον·</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fwn">χιλίων</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkras">ἄκρας</w> <w lemma="hu%29li%2Fsqh">ηὐλίσθη</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipou%5Cs">λοιποὺς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxwn">χιλιάρχων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kiw%3Dn">οἰκιῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kkalesa%2Fmenos">ἐκκαλεσάμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Ftace">ἐπέταξε</w> <w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fsantas">συναθροίσαντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gora%5Cn">ἀγορὰν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="dihrpasme%2Fna">διηρπασμένα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="koita%2Fzesqai">κοιτάζεσθαι</w>.
<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="grosfoma%2Fxous">γροσφομάχους</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3Ds">παρεμβολῆς</w> <w lemma="kale%2Fsas">καλέσας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffon">λόφον</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fsthse">ἐπέστησε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29natolw%3Dn">ἀνατολῶν</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Akai%5C">Καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnos">Καρχηδόνος</w>
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<head>Carthagena Captured and Looted</head>As soon as they found themselves in possession of<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note26">The city entered and given up to the sword.</note>the wall, the Romans began making their way along the top of it, hurling off such of the enemy as they met, the nature of their arms being especially suited for an operation of that sort. But when they arrived at the gate they descended and began cutting through the bolts, while those without began forcing their way in, and those who were mounting the walls in the direction of the isthmus, beginning by this time to get the better of their opponents, were getting a footing on the battlements. Thus the walls were finally in possession of the enemy: and the troops, which entered by the gate, carried the eastern hill and drove off the garrison occupying it.When Scipio thought that a sufficient number of troops had entered the town, he gave leave to the larger number of them to attack those in it, according to the Roman custom, with directions to kill everything they met, and to spare nothing; and not to begin looting until they got the order to do so. The object of this is, I suppose, to strike terror. Accordingly, one may often see in towns captured by the Romans, not only human beings who have been put to the sword, but even dogs cloven down the middle, and the limbs<pb n="15" />of other animals hewn off. On this occasion the amount of such slaughter was exceedingly great, because of the numbers included in the city.Scipio himself with about a thousand men now pressed on<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note27">Mago surrenders the citadel.</note>towards the citadel. When he arrived there, Mago at first thought of resistance; but afterwards, when he was satisfied that the city was completely in the power of the enemy, he sent to demand a promise of his life, and then surrendered. This being concluded, the signal was given to stop the slaughter: whereupon the soldiers left off slaying, and turned to plunder.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note28">Sack of the city.</note>When night fell those of the soldiers to whom this duty had been assigned remained in the camp, while Scipio with his thousand men bivouacked in the citadel; and summoning the rest from the dwellinghouses by means of the Tribunes, he ordered them to collect all their booty into the market-place by maniples, and to take up their quarters for the night by these several heaps. He then summoned the light-armed from the camp, and stationed them upon the eastern hill.Thus did the Romans become masters of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> in Iberia.
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Walbank Commentary