<w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="qewrou%3Dntes">θεωροῦντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="xroniwte%2Fran">χρονιωτέραν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dsan">οὖσαν</w>, <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="strathgou%5Cs">στρατηγοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%28%2Flonto">εἵλοντο</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fannwnos">Ἄννωνος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Abw%2Fstaron">Βώσταρον</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ami%2Flkan">Ἀμίλκαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpempon">ἔπεμπον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hra%2Fkleian">Ἡράκλειαν</w>, <w lemma="kalou%3Dntes">καλοῦντες</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fxos">τάχος</w> <w lemma="au%29to%2Fn">αὐτόν</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nalabw%5Cn">ἀναλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="pentakosi%2Fous">πεντακοσίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="pentakisxili%2Fous">πεντακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="parh%3Dn">παρῆν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna:">Καρχηδόνα·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katastaqei%5Cs">κατασταθεὶς</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="tri%2Ftos">τρίτος</w> <w lemma="e%29bouleu%2Feto">ἐβουλεύετο</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="parou%3Dsin">παροῦσιν</w>.
<w lemma="e%29%2Fdocen">ἔδοξεν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fra%7C">χώρᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="periora%3Dn">περιορᾶν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="porqoume%2Fnhn">πορθουμένην</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkos">Μάρκος</w> <w lemma="meta%2F">μετά</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29peporeu%2Feto">ἐπεπορεύετο</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29tei%2Fxista">ἀτείχιστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29ruma%2Ftwn">ἐρυμάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdou">ἐφόδου</w> <w lemma="diarpa%2Fzwn">διαρπάζων</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="teteixisme%2Fna">τετειχισμένα</w> <w lemma="poliorkw%3Dn">πολιορκῶν</w>.
<w lemma="a%29fiko%2Fmenos">ἀφικόμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adu%5Cn">Ἀδὺν</w> <w lemma="a%29cio%2Fxrew">ἀξιόχρεω</w>, <w lemma="peristratopedeu%2Fsas">περιστρατοπεδεύσας</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="suni%2Fstato">συνίστατο</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="spoudh%3Ds">σπουδῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frga">ἔργα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="spouda%2Fzontes">σπουδάζοντες</w> <w lemma="bohqh%3Dsai">βοηθῆσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pai%2Fqrwn">ὑπαίθρων</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipoiei%3Dsqai">ἀντιποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnontes">κρίνοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%3Dgon">ἐξῆγον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katalabo%2Fmenoi">καταλαβόμενοι</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffon">λόφον</w> <w lemma="u%28perde%2Fcion">ὑπερδέξιον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="a%29fuh%3D">ἀφυῆ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmesin">δυνάμεσιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeusan">κατεστρατοπέδευσαν</w>.
<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstas">πλείστας</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppeu%3Dsin">ἱππεῦσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fois">θηρίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29fe%2Fmenoi">ἀφέμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdwn">ἐπιπέδων</w> <w lemma="xwri%2Fwn">χωρίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugklei%2Fsantes">συγκλείσαντες</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="e%29rumnou%5Cs">ἐρυμνοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusba%2Ftous">δυσβάτους</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fmellon">ἔμελλον</w> <w lemma="dida%2Fcein">διδάξειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>. <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w>.
<w lemma="sunnoh%2Fsantes">συννοήσαντες</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnes">ἡγεμόνες</w> <w lemma="e%29mpei%2Frws">ἐμπείρως</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="praktikw%2Ftaton">πρακτικώτατον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="foberw%2Ftaton">φοβερώτατον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="h%29xrei%2Fwtai">ἠχρείωται</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fmeinan">ἀνέμειναν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnoi">ἐκεῖνοι</w> <w lemma="kataba%2Fntes">καταβάντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="pareta%2Fcanto">παρετάξαντο</w>,
<w lemma="xrw%2Fmenoi">χρώμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fois">ἰδίοις</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fbainon">προσέβαινον</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frou">ἑκατέρου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffon">λόφον</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fa">θηρία</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fxrhsta">ἄχρηστα</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws:">τελέως·</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Froi">μισθοφόροι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnu">πάνυ</w> <w lemma="gennai%2Fws">γενναίως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqu%2Fmws">προθύμως</w> <w lemma="e%29kbohqh%2Fsantes">ἐκβοηθήσαντες</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkasan">ἠνάγκασαν</w> <w lemma="e%29kkli%3Dnai">ἐκκλῖναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fugei%3Dn:">φυγεῖν·</w>
<w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="propeso%2Fntes">προπεσόντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kuklwqe%2Fntes">κυκλωθέντες</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="qate%2Frou">θατέρου</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="prosbaino%2Fntwn">προσβαινόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29tra%2Fphsan">ἐτράπησαν</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="eu%29qu%5Cs">εὐθὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="stratopedei%2Fas">στρατοπεδείας</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpeson">ἐξέπεσον</w>.
<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fa">θηρία</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fxista">τάχιστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28malw%3Dn">ὁμαλῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fyato">ἥψατο</w>, <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29poxw%2Frhsin:">ἀποχώρησιν·</w>
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="braxu%5Cn">βραχὺν</w> <w lemma="e%29pidiw%2Fcantes">ἐπιδιώξαντες</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraka">χάρακα</w> <w lemma="diarpa%2Fsantes">διαρπάσαντες</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuo%2Fmenoi">ἐπιπορευόμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqoun">ἐπόρθουν</w>.
<w lemma="geno%2Fmenoi">γενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnhs">προσαγορευομένης</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="%2Atu%2Fnhtos">Τύνητος</w> <w lemma="e%29gkratei%3Ds">ἐγκρατεῖς</w>, <w lemma="eu%29fuou%3Ds">εὐφυοῦς</w> <w lemma="u%28parxou%2Fshs">ὑπαρχούσης</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnas">προκειμένας</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%2Fs">ἐπιβολάς</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="keime%2Fnhs">κειμένης</w> <w lemma="eu%29kai%2Frws">εὐκαίρως</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="su%2Fneggus">σύνεγγυς</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w>, <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeusan">κατεστρατοπέδευσαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%2Fn">αὐτήν</w>.
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<head>Regulus in Africa</head>The Carthaginians now saw that their enemies contemplated a lengthened occupation of the country. They therefore proceeded first of all to elect two of their own citizens, Hasdrubal son of Hanno, and Bostarus, to the office of general; and next sent to Heracleia a pressing summons to Hamilcar. He obeyed immediately, and arrived at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> with five hundred cavalry and five thousand infantry. He was forthwith appointed general in conjunction with the other two, and entered into consultation with Hasdrubal and his colleague as to the measures necessary to be taken in the present crisis.<pb n="35" />They decided to defend the country and not to allow it to be devastated without resistance.A few days afterwards Marcus sallied forth on one of his<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note93">B. C. 256-255. The operations of Regulus in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a>.</note>marauding expeditions. Such towns as were unwalled he carried by assault and plundered, and such as were walled he besieged. Among others he came to the considerable town of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Adys&groupId=283&placeId=556">Adys</a>, and having placed his troops round it was beginning with all speed to raise siege works. The Carthaginians were both eager to relieve the town and determined to dispute the possession of the open county. They therefore led out their army; but their operations were not skilfully conducted. They indeed seized and encamped upon a piece of rising ground which commanded the enemy; but it was unsuitable to themselves. Their best hopes rested on their cavalry and their elephants, and yet they abandoned the level plain and cooped themselves up in a position at once steep and difficult of access. The enemy, as might have been expected, were not slow to take advantage of this mistake. The Roman commanders were skilful enough to understand that the best and most formidable part of the forces opposed to them was rendered useless by the nature of the ground. They did not therefore wait for them to come down to the plain and offer battle, but choosing the time which suited themselves, began at daybreak a forward movement on both sides of the hill.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note94">Defeat of the Carthaginians near <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Adys&groupId=283&placeId=556">Adys</a>.</note>In the battle which followed the Carthaginians could not use their cavalry or elephants at all; but their mercenary troops made a really gallant and spirited sally. They even forced the first division of the Romans to give way and fly: but they advanced too far, and were surrounded and routed by the division which was advancing from the other direction. This was immediately followed by the whole force being dislodged from their encampment. The elephants and cavalry as soon as they gained level ground made good their retreat without loss; but the infantry were pursued by the Romans. The latter however soon desisted from the pursuit. They presently returned, dismantled the enemy's entrenchment, and destroyed the stockade; and from thenceforth overran the whole country-side and sacked the towns without opposition<pb n="36" />Among others they seized the town called Tunes.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note95">Tunes.</note>This place had many natural advantages for expeditions such as those in which they were engaged, and was so situated as to form a convenient base of operations against the capital and its immediate neighbourhood. They accordingly fixed their headquarters in it.
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Walbank Commentary