<w lemma="%2Aou%29x">Οὐχ</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dtton">ἧττον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="parwcu%2Fnqhn">παρωξύνθην</w> <w lemma="e%29pisth%3Dsai">ἐπιστῆσαι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29mpeiro%2Ftata">ἐμπειρότατα</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dntas">δοκοῦντας</w> <w lemma="gra%2Ffein">γράφειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w>, <w lemma="%2Afili%3Dnon">Φιλῖνον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afa%2Fbion">Φάβιον</w>, <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fntws">δεόντως</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29phggelke%2Fnai">ἀπηγγελκέναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lh%2Fqeian">ἀλήθειαν</w>.
<w lemma="e%28ko%2Fntas">ἑκόντας</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="e%29yeu%3Dsqai">ἐψεῦσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnw">ὑπολαμβάνω</w>, <w lemma="stoxazo%2Fmenos">στοχαζόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fou">βίου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ai%28re%2Fsews">αἱρέσεως</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn:">αὐτῶν·</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dsi">δοκοῦσι</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="peponqe%2Fnai">πεπονθέναι</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29rw%3Dsi">ἐρῶσι</w>.
<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%28%2Fresin">αἵρεσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fnw%7C">Φιλίνῳ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dsin">δοκοῦσιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="pepra%3Dxqai">πεπρᾶχθαι</w> <w lemma="froni%2Fmws">φρονίμως</w>, <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w>, <w lemma="a%29ndrwdw%3Ds">ἀνδρωδῶς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w>, <w lemma="%2Afabi%2Fw%7C">Φαβίῳ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%29%2Fmpalin">τοὔμπαλιν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>.
<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="loipw%3D%7C">λοιπῷ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fw%7C">βίῳ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29piei%2Fkeian">ἐπιείκειαν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fsws">ἴσως</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29kba%2Flloi:">ἐκβάλλοι·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="filo%2Ffilon">φιλόφιλον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqo%5Cn">ἀγαθὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndra">ἄνδρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filo%2Fpatrin">φιλόπατριν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summisei%3Dn">συμμισεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flois">φίλοις</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqrou%5Cs">ἐχθροὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunagapa%3Dn">συναγαπᾶν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flous:">φίλους·</w>
<w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dqos">ἦθος</w> <w lemma="a%29nalamba%2Fnh%7C">ἀναλαμβάνῃ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w>, <w lemma="e%29pilaqe%2Fsqai">ἐπιλαθέσθαι</w> <w lemma="xrh%5C">χρὴ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftwn">τοιούτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="eu%29logei%3Dn">εὐλογεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kosmei%3Dn">κοσμεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstois">μεγίστοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pai%2Fnois">ἐπαίνοις</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqrou%2Fs">ἐχθρούς</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="a%29paitw%3Dsi">ἀπαιτῶσι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w>, <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29le%2Fgxein">ἐλέγχειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ye%2Fgein">ψέγειν</w> <w lemma="e%29poneidi%2Fstws">ἐπονειδίστως</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkaiota%2Ftous">ἀναγκαιοτάτους</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdeuma%2Ftwn">ἐπιτηδευμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%28marti%2Fai">ἁμαρτίαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dq%27">τοῦθ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28podeiknu%2Fwsin">ὑποδεικνύωσιν</w>.
<w lemma="w%28%2Fsper">ὥσπερ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="zw%2F%7Cou">ζῴου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fyewn">ὄψεων</w> <w lemma="a%29faireqeisw%3Dn">ἀφαιρεθεισῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29xreiou%3Dtai">ἀχρειοῦται</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="a%29naireqei%2Fshs">ἀναιρεθείσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqei%2Fas">ἀληθείας</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kataleipo%2Fmenon">καταλειπόμενον</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29nwfele%5Cs">ἀνωφελὲς</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghma">διήγημα</w>.
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="kathgorei%3Dn">κατηγορεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqrou%5Cs">ἐχθροὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29painei%3Dn">ἐπαινεῖν</w> <w lemma="o%29knhte%2Fon">ὀκνητέον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="ye%2Fgein">ψέγειν</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29gkwmia%2Fzein">ἐγκωμιάζειν</w> <w lemma="eu%29labhte%2Fon">εὐλαβητέον</w>, <w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w> <w lemma="a%29nastrefome%2Fnous">ἀναστρεφομένους</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29stoxei%3Dn">εὐστοχεῖν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ei%5C">αἰεὶ</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fq%27">οὔθ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28marta%2Fnein">ἁμαρτάνειν</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Fs">εἰκός</w>.
<w lemma="a%29posta%2Fntas">ἀποστάντας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pratto%2Fntwn">πραττόντων</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prattome%2Fnois">πραττομένοις</w> <w lemma="e%29farmoste%2Fon">ἐφαρμοστέον</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="prepou%2Fsas">πρεπούσας</w> <w lemma="a%29pofa%2Fseis">ἀποφάσεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dialh%2Fyeis">διαλήψεις</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnh%2Fmasin">ὑπομνήμασιν</w>.
<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqh%3D">ἀληθῆ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="u%28f%27">ὑφ᾽</w>
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<head>Philinus and Fabius Pictor</head>But it was not these considerations only which induced me to undertake the history of this war.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note40">This is rendered more necessary by the partisan misrepresentations of Philinus and Fabius Pictor.</note>I was influenced quite as much by the fact that Philinus and Fabius, who have the reputation of writing with the most complete knowledge about it, have given us an inadequate representation of the truth. Now, judging from their lives and principles, I do not suppose that these writers have intentionally stated what was false; but I think that they are much in the same state of mind as men in love. Partisanship and complete prepossession made Philinus think that all the actions of the Carthaginians were characterised by wisdom, honour, and courage: those of the Romans by the reverse. Fabius thought the exact opposite. Now in other relations of life one would hesitate to exclude such warmth of sentiment: for a good man ought to be loyal to his friends and patriotic to his country; ought to be at one with his friends in their hatreds and likings. But directly a man<pb n="15" />assumes the moral attitude of an historian he ought to forget all considerations of that kind. There will be many occasions on which he will be bound to speak well of his enemies, and even to praise them in the highest terms if the facts demand it: and on the other hand many occasions on which it will be his duty to criticise and denounce his own side, however dear to him, if their errors of conduct suggest that course. For as a living creature is rendered wholly useless if deprived of its eyes, so if you take truth from History what is left is but an idle unprofitable tale. Therefore, one must not shrink either from blaming one's friends or praising one's enemies; nor be afraid of finding fault with and commending the same persons at different times. For it is impossible that men engaged in public affairs should always be right, and unlikely that they should always be wrong. Holding ourselves, therefore, entirely aloof from the actors, we must as historians make statements and pronounce judgment in accordance with the actions themselves.
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Walbank Commentary