Polybius, Histories

Translation

Book 9 - Chapter 10

<head lang="la">III. Res Siciliae</head><w lemma="%2Aou%29k">Οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcw">ἔξω</w> <w lemma="kosmei%3Dtai">κοσμεῖται</w> <w lemma="po%2Flis">πόλις</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kou%2Fntwn">οἰκούντων</w> <w lemma="a%29reth%3Ds">ἀρετῆς</w>.

<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%29ekri%2Fqh">Ἐκρίθη</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fna">προειρημένα</w> <w lemma="metakomi%2Fzein">μετακομίζειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29polipei%3Dn:">ἀπολιπεῖν·</w>

<w lemma="po%2Ftera">πότερα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29rqw%3Ds">ὀρθῶς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumfero%2Fntws">συμφερόντως</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpracan">ἔπραξαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w>, <w lemma="polu%5Cs">πολὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgos">λόγος</w>, <w lemma="plei%2Fwn">πλείων</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fntws">δεόντως</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="pepra%3Dxqai">πεπρᾶχθαι</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29kmh%5Cn">ἀκμὴν</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttesqai">πράττεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="tou%29%2Frgon">τοὔργον</w>.

<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftwn">τοιούτων</w> <w lemma="o%28rmhqe%2Fntes">ὁρμηθέντες</w> <w lemma="proebi%2Fbasan">προεβίβασαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w>, <w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="mete%2Fferon">μετέφερον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="hu%29ch%2Fqhsan">ηὐξήθησαν</w>.

<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28plousta%2Ftois">ἁπλουστάτοις</w> <w lemma="xrw%2Fmenoi">χρώμενοι</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fois">βίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="porrwta%2Ftw">πορρωτάτω</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="peritto%2Fthtos">περιττότητος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polutelei%2Fas">πολυτελείας</w> <w lemma="a%29festw%3Dtes">ἀφεστῶτες</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fmws">ὅμως</w> <w lemma="e%29pekra%2Ftoun">ἐπεκράτουν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ai%29ei%5C">αἰεὶ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="u%28ph%3Drxe">ὑπῆρχε</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dsta">πλεῖστα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ka%2Fllista">κάλλιστα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="toiau%3Dta">τοιαῦτα</w>, <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="nomiste%2Fon">νομιστέον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%28ma%2Frthma">ἁμάρτημα</w>;

<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29polipo%2Fntas">ἀπολιπόντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="nikw%2Fntwn">νικώντων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqh">ἔθη</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28ttwme%2Fnwn">ἡττωμένων</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dlon">ζῆλον</w> <w lemma="a%29nalamba%2Fnein">ἀναλαμβάνειν</w>, <w lemma="prosepidrattome%2Fnous">προσεπιδραττομένους</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29cakolouqou%3Dnta">ἐξακολουθοῦντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftois">τοιούτοις</w> <w lemma="fqo%2Fnon">φθόνον</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="foberw%2Ftaton">φοβερώτατον</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28peroxai%3Ds">ὑπεροχαῖς</w>, <w lemma="o%28mologou%2Fmenon">ὁμολογούμενον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fpoi">εἴποι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pratto%2Fntwn">πραττόντων</w> <w lemma="para%2Fptwma">παράπτωμα</w>.

<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="qew%2Fmenos">θεώμενος</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="makari%2Fzei">μακαρίζει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ta%29llo%2Ftria">τἀλλότρια</w> <w lemma="kekthme%2Fnous">κεκτημένους</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fqonei%3Dn">φθονεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fleos">ἔλεος</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28potre%2Fxei">ὑποτρέχει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29pobalo%2Fntwn">ἀποβαλόντων</w>.

<w lemma="e%29pa%5Cn">ἐπὰν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="probai%2Fnh%7C">προβαίνῃ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="eu%29kairi%2Fas">εὐκαιρίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fgh%7C">συνάγῃ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="sugkalh%3D%7C">συγκαλῇ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29sterhme%2Fnous">ἐστερημένους</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="qe%2Fan">θέαν</w>, <w lemma="dipla%2Fsion">διπλάσιον</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kako%2Fn">κακόν</w>.

<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flas">πέλας</w> <w lemma="e%29leei%3Dn">ἐλεεῖν</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="qewme%2Fnous">θεωμένους</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>, <w lemma="a%29namimnhskome%2Fnous">ἀναμιμνησκομένους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fwn">οἰκείων</w> <w lemma="sumptwma%2Ftwn">συμπτωμάτων</w>.

<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="fqo%2Fnos">φθόνος</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%2F">ὀργή</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29kkai%2Fetai">ἐκκαίεται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29tuxou%3Dntas:">εὐτυχοῦντας·</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="peripeteiw%3Dn">περιπετειῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fmnhsis">ἀνάμνησις</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="protroph%2F">προτροπή</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="praca%2Fntwn">πραξάντων</w> <w lemma="mi%3Dsos">μῖσος</w>.

<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xruso%5Cn">χρυσὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frguron">ἄργυρον</w> <w lemma="a%28qroi%2Fzein">ἁθροίζειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fsws">ἴσως</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon:">λόγον·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Do%2Fn">οἷόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipoih%2Fsasqai">ἀντιποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="a%29dunami%2Fan">ἀδυναμίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29nergasame%2Fnous">ἐνεργασαμένους</w>, <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%28toima%2Fsantas">ἑτοιμάσαντας</w>.

<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxonta">ὑπάρχοντα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnhs">προειρημένης</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpois">τόποις</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fqo%2Fnw%7C">φθόνῳ</w> <w lemma="katalipo%2Fntas">καταλιπόντας</w> <w lemma="e%29ndocote%2Fran">ἐνδοξοτέραν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fran">σφετέραν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w>, <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="grafai%3Ds">γραφαῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fpois">τύποις</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="semno%2Fthti">σεμνότητι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fa%7C">μεγαλοψυχίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kosmou%3Dntas">κοσμοῦντας</w> <w lemma="au%29th%2Fn">αὐτήν</w>.

<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fsqw">εἰρήσθω</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="metalambano%2Fntwn">μεταλαμβανόντων</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas">δυναστείας</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="skuleu%2Fontes">σκυλεύοντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="ko%2Fsmon">κόσμον</w> <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnwsin">ὑπολαμβάνωσιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fsi">πατρίσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29llotri%2Fas">ἀλλοτρίας</w> <w lemma="sumfora%2Fs:">συμφοράς·</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="metakomi%2Fsantes">μετακομίσαντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fna">προειρημένα</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%29diwtikai%3Ds">ἰδιωτικαῖς</w> <w lemma="kataskeuai%3Ds">κατασκευαῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29ko%2Fsmhsan">ἐκόσμησαν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fous">βίους</w>, <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dhmosi%2Fais">δημοσίαις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="koina%5C">κοινὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>.

<head>Tarentum</head><head>III. Affairs of Sicily</head><head>The Spoils of Syracuse</head>A city is not adorned by external splendours, but by the virtue of its inhabitants. . . .

The Romans, then, decided for this reason to transfer all these objects to their own city and leave nothing behind.

As to whether in doing so they acted rightly and in their own interest or the reverse, there is much to be said on both sides, but the more weighty arguments are in favour of their conduct having been wrong then and still being wrong.

For if they had originally relied on such things for the advancement of their country, they would evidently have been right in bringing to their home the kind of things which had contributed to their aggrandizement.

But if, on the contrary, while leading the simplest of lives, very far removed from all such superfluous magnificence, they were constantly victorious over those who possessed the greatest number and finest examples of such works, must we not consider that they committed a mistake?

To abandon the habits of the victors and to imitate those of the conquered, not only appropriating the objects, but at the same time attracting that envy which is inseparable from their possession, which is the one thing most to be dreaded by superiors in power, is surely an incontestable error.

For in no case is one who contemplates such works of art moved so much by admiration of the good fortune of those who have possessed themselves of the property of others, as by pity as well as envy for the original owners.

And when opportunities become ever more frequent, and the victor collects around him all the treasures of other peoples, and these treasures may be almost said to invite those who were robbed of them to come and inspect them, things are twice as bad.

For now spectators no longer pity their neighbours, but themselves, as they recall to mind their own calamities.

And hence not only envy, but a sort of passionate hatred for the favourites of fortune flares up, for the memories awakened of their own disaster move them to abhor the authors of it.

There were indeed perhaps good reasons for appropriating all the gold and silver: for it was impossible for them to aim at a world empire without weakening the resources of other peoples and strengthening their own.

But it was possible for them to leave everything which did not contribute to such strength, together with the envy attached to its possession, in its original place, and to add to the glory of their native city by adorning it not with paintings and reliefs but with dignity and magnanimity.

At any rate these remarks will serve to teach all those who succeed to empire, that they should not strip cities under the idea that the misfortunes of others are an ornament to their own country. The Romans on the present occasion, after transferring all these objects to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, used such as came from private houses to embellish their own homes, and those that were state property for their public buildings.

Walbank Commentary

Overview

9.10.0 - 9.10.0

Failure of the Punic generals in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a> This fragment concerns the situation after the defeat of the Scipios in 211 (cf. viii. 38 n.) and, like the exaggerated account of a Roman recovery under the eques L. Marcius (Livy, xxv. 37–9, from annalistic sources), indicates that the Carthaginians now ventured even north of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ebro&groupId=549&placeId=1031">Ebro</a>, where the Ilergetes lived (cf. De Sanctis, iii. 2. 450).

Specifics

9.10.2 - 9.10.2

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τοῦτο</w>:</emph> the reasons P. attributed to the Romans for despoiling <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a> have not survived, but presumably rested on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>'s status as a defeated enemy. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὰ προειρημένα</w>:</emph> according to M (which also contains this passage with a slightly different version of this sentence) there were <w lang="el-GR">τὰ τῶν Συρακουσῶν πολυτελέστατα κατασκευάσματα</w>. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μηδὲν ἀπολιπεῖν</w>:</emph> contrast Cic. 2 Verr. iv. 121, 'Syracusis . . . permulta atque egregia reliquit'. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ὀρθῶς . . . καὶ συμφερόντως? αὑτοῖς</w>:</emph> not necessarily distinct; <w lang="el-GR">ὀρθῶς</w> can be either 'justly' or 'correctly', i.e. what their interests demanded.

9.10.3 - 9.10.3

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μηδ᾿ ἀκμὴν νῦν πράττεσθαι</w>:</emph> i.e. the practice is still wrong, when applied in P.'s own time, e.g. after the defeat of Perseus (cf. Livy, xlv. 39. 5, 'quo signa aurea, marmorea, eburnea, tabulae pictae, textilia, tantum argenti collati, tantum auri, tanta pecunia regia?').

9.10.5 - 9.10.5

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἁπλουστάτοις? χρώμενοι βίοις κτλ</w>.:</emph> cf. Plut. Marc. 21. 2, 5 for the sentiment. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῆς . . . περιττότητος καὶ πολυτελείας</w>:</emph> 'pomp and extravagance'.

9.10.6 - 9.10.6

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸν . . . ζῆλον</w>:</emph> 'the tastes'. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸν ἐξακολουθοῦντα . . . φθόνον</w>:</emph> cf. vii. 8. 4 n.

9.10.7 - 9.10.7

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ὁ θεώμενος . . . μακαρίζει . . ., ὡς</w></emph> 〈 <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐν τῷ</w></emph> 〉 <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">φθονεῖν κτλ</w>.:</emph> 'for the onlooker never feels moved to admiration of those who have possessed themselves of the property of others to the extent of his jealousy, which is combined with a certain pity for the original owners who have lost it'. The MS. reads <w lang="el-GR">ὁ γὰρ οὕτως ὁρμώμενος</w>?, but Schweighaeuser's correction seems assured; for <w lang="el-GR">ὡς</w> 〈<w lang="el-GR">ἐν τῷ</w>〉 <w lang="el-GR">φθονεῖν</w> Hultsch reads <w lang="el-GR">ὡς φθονοῦνθ᾿</w>', with the same sense. Paton, '. . . as by pity as well as envy for the original owners', upsets the sense; the <w lang="el-GR">φθόνος</w> must be that mentioned in §§ 6 and 10, and must therefore be envy of the victors.

9.10.8 - 9.10.8

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐπὰν δὲ . . . προβαίνῃ τὰ τῆς εὐκαιρίας</w>:</emph> 'when material wealth increases', or 'when the victor progresses in material wealth', rather than Paton, 'when opportunities become even more frequent'. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διπλάσιον γίνεται τὸ κακόν</w>:</emph> a popular expression, often found in Euripides (Med. 1047, 1185, 1315, Her. 937; Hel. 771; cf. Wunderer, i. 74).

9.10.11 - 9.10.11

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸν χρυσὸν καὶ τὸν ἄργυρον ἁθροίζειν</w>:</emph> von Scala, 314, reads this as part of a general code containing the 'laws of war', and compares v. 9. 1, 11. 3. But P. is merely asserting that a power aiming at <milestone unit="page" n="135">[135]</milestone> universal dominion must strengthen its own resources and weaken others'; this has nothing to do with <w lang="el-GR">οἱ τοῦ πολέμου νόμοι</w>. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῶν καθόλου πραγμάτων ἀντιποιήσασθαι</w>:</emph> 'to aim at world-empire'. For P.'s views on this see i. 3. 4 n. and passages there quoted; cf. Walbank, JRS, 1963, 1–12. P. here justifies the Roman seizure of wealth in terms of an ambition which elsewhere (iii. 2. 6) he attributes only to the years after the defeat of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> in the Second Punic War.

9.10.12 - 9.10.12

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">γραφαῖς καὶ τύποις</w>:</emph> 'paintings and bas-reliefs'; for <w lang="el-GR">τύπος</w> in this sense see G. Roux, BCH, 1956, 518–21; REA, 1961, 5–14; P. G. Leoncini, Aevum, 1956, 20–29.

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