Polybius, Histories

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Book 8 - Chapter 9

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<w lemma="%2Ama%2Flista">Μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29pitimh%2Fseie">ἐπιτιμήσειε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="%2Aqeopo%2Fmpw%7C">Θεοπόμπῳ</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fs">ὅς</w> <w lemma="g%27">γ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3D%7C">ἀρχῇ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fcews">συντάξεως</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5C">αὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="parormhqh%3Dnai">παρορμηθῆναι</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fsas">φήσας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%5Cn">ἐπιβολὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pragmatei%2Fas">πραγματείας</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fpote">μηδέποτε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Fphn">Εὐρώπην</w> <w lemma="e%29nhnoxe%2Fnai">ἐνηνοχέναι</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dton">τοιοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndra">ἄνδρα</w> <w lemma="para%2Fpan">παράπαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29amu%2Fntou">Ἀμύντου</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w>,
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fn">ἔν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="prooimi%2Fw%7C">προοιμίῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29krate%2Fstaton">ἀκρατέστατον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29podei%2Fknusi">ἀποδείκνυσι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="gunai%3Dkas">γυναῖκας</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fdion">ἴδιον</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dkon">οἶκον</w> <w lemma="e%29sfalke%2Fnai">ἐσφαλκέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prostasi%2Fan">προστασίαν</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29dikw%2Ftaton">ἀδικώτατον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kakopragmone%2Fstaton">κακοπραγμονέστατον</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="kataskeua%2Fs">κατασκευάς</w>, <w lemma="plei%2Fstas">πλείστας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29chndrapodisme%2Fnon">ἐξηνδραποδισμένον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pepracikophko%2Fta">πεπραξικοπηκότα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="do%2Flou">δόλου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fas">βίας</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29kpaqh%3D">ἐκπαθῆ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fta">γεγονότα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29kratoposi%2Fas">ἀκρατοποσίας</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="pleona%2Fkis">πλεονάκις</w> <w lemma="mequ%2Fonta">μεθύοντα</w> <w lemma="katafanh%3D">καταφανῆ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flois">φίλοις</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29nagnw%3Dnai">ἀναγνῶναι</w> <w lemma="boulhqei%2Fh">βουληθείη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29na%2Fths">ἐνάτης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tettarakosth%3Ds">τετταρακοστῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="bu%2Fblou">βύβλου</w>, <w lemma="panta%2Fpasin">παντάπασιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="qauma%2Fsai">θαυμάσαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29topi%2Fan">ἀτοπίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fws">συγγραφέως</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fs">ὅς</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="teto%2Flmhke">τετόλμηκε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein:">λέγειν·</w> <w lemma="au%29tai%3Ds">αὐταῖς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fcesin">λέξεσιν</w>, <w lemma="ai%28%3Ds">αἷς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnos">ἐκεῖνος</w> <w lemma="ke%2Fxrhtai">κέχρηται</w>, <w lemma="katateta%2Fxamen:">κατατετάχαμεν·</w> "
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="ga%2Fr">γάρ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsin">Ἕλλησιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frois">βαρβάροις</w>" <w lemma="fhsi%2F">φησί</w> "<w lemma="la%2Fstauros">λάσταυρος</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="qrasu%5Cs">θρασὺς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fan">Μακεδονίαν</w> <w lemma="a%28qroizo%2Fmenoi">ἁθροιζόμενοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w> <w lemma="e%28tai%3Droi">ἑταῖροι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="proshgoreu%2Fonto">προσηγορεύοντο</w>.
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<w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kosmi%2Fous">κοσμίους</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fqesi">ἤθεσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fwn">βίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pimeloume%2Fnous">ἐπιμελουμένους</w> <w lemma="a%29pedoki%2Fmaze">ἀπεδοκίμαζε</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="polutelei%3Ds">πολυτελεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="zw%3Dntas">ζῶντας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fqais">μέθαις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ku%2Fbois">κύβοις</w> <w lemma="e%29ti%2Fma">ἐτίμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w>.
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<w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="pareskeu%2Fazen">παρεσκεύαζεν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllhs">ἄλλης</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fas">ἀδικίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bdeluri%2Fas">βδελυρίας</w> <w lemma="a%29qlhta%5Cs">ἀθλητὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhse">ἐποίησε</w>. <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxrw%3Dn">αἰσχρῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="deinw%3Dn">δεινῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="prosh%3Dn">προσῆν</w>;
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<w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Dn">καλῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="spoudai%2Fwn">σπουδαίων</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29ph%3Dn">ἀπῆν</w>; <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="curo%2Fmenoi">ξυρόμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="leaino%2Fmenoi">λεαινόμενοι</w> <w lemma="diete%2Floun">διετέλουν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndres">ἄνδρες</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w> <w lemma="e%29to%2Flmwn">ἐτόλμων</w> <w lemma="e%29pani%2Fstasqai">ἐπανίστασθαι</w> <w lemma="pw%2Fgwnas">πώγωνας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxousi">ἔχουσι</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="perih%2Fgonto">περιήγοντο</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28taireuome%2Fnous">ἑταιρευομένους</w>, <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="au%29ta%5Cs">αὐτὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnois">ἐκείνοις</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fseis">χρήσεις</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frois">ἑτέροις</w> <w lemma="parei%2Fxonto">παρείχοντο</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%2Fqen">ὅθεν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fws">δικαίως</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="e%28tai%2Frous">ἑταίρους</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28tai%2Fras">ἑταίρας</w> <w lemma="u%28pela%2Fmbanen">ὑπελάμβανεν</w> [<w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w>] <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftas">στρατιώτας</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="xamaitu%2Fpous">χαμαιτύπους</w> <w lemma="proshgo%2Freusen:">προσηγόρευσεν·</w>
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<w lemma="a%29ndrofo%2Fnoi">ἀνδροφόνοι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w> <w lemma="a%29ndro%2Fpornoi">ἀνδρόπορνοι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%28plw%3Ds">ἁπλῶς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="pau%2Fswmai">παύσωμαι</w>" <w lemma="fhsi%2F">φησί</w> "<w lemma="makrologw%3Dn">μακρολογῶν</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fllws">ἄλλως</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%2Ftwn">τοσούτων</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29pikexume%2Fnwn">ἐπικεχυμένων</w>, <w lemma="h%28gou%3Dmai">ἡγοῦμαι</w> <w lemma="toiau%3Dta">τοιαῦτα</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fa">θηρία</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftous">τοιούτους</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flous">φίλους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28tai%2Frous">ἑταίρους</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuqe%2Fntas">προσαγορευθέντας</w> <w lemma="oi%28%2Fous">οἵους</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akentau%2Frous">Κενταύρους</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Aph%2Flion">Πήλιον</w> <w lemma="katasxo%2Fntas">κατασχόντας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Alaistrugo%2Fnas">Λαιστρυγόνας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleonti%2Fnwn">Λεοντίνων</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fon">πεδίον</w> <w lemma="oi%29kh%2Fsantas">οἰκήσαντας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28poi%2Fous">ὁποίους</w>."
In this respect Theopompus is one of the writers who is most to blame. At the outset of his history of Philip, son of Amyntas, he states that what chiefly induced him to undertake this work was that Europe had never produced such a man before as this Philip;
and yet immediately afterwards in his preface and throughout the book he shows him to have been first so incontinent about women, that as far as in him lay he ruined his own home by his passionate and ostentatious addiction to this kind of thing;
next a most wicked and mischievous man in his schemes for forming friendships and alliances; thirdly, one who had enslaved and betrayed a large number of cities by force or fraud;
and lastly, one so addicted to strong drink that he was frequently seen by his friends manifestly drunk in broad daylight.
Anyone who chooses to read the beginning of his forty-ninth Book will be amazed at the extravagance of this writer. Apart from other things, he has ventured to write as follows. I set down the passage in his own words:
"Philip\'s court in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> was the gathering-place of all the most debauched and brazen-faced characters in Greece or abroad, who were there styled the king\'s companions.
For Philip in general showed no favour to men of good repute who were careful of their property, but those he honoured and promoted were spendthrifts who passed their time drinking and gambling.
In consequence he not only encouraged them in their vices, but made them past masters in every kind of wickedness and lewdness.
Was ther anything indeed disgraceful and shocking that they did not practise, and was there anything good and creditable that they did not leave undone? Some of them used to shave their bodies and make them smooth although they were men, and others actually practised lewdness with each other though bearded.
While carrying about two or three minions with them they served others in the same capacity, so that we would be justified in calling them not courtiers but courtesans and not soldiers but strumpets.
For being by nature man-slayers they became by their practices man-whores.
In a word," he continues, "not to be prolix, and especially as I am beset by such a deluge of other matters, my opinion is that those who were called Philip\'s friends and companions were worse brutes and of a more beastly disposition than the Centaurs who established themselves on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pelion&groupId=855&placeId=1539">Pelion</a>, or those Laestrygones who dwelt in the plain of Leontini, or any other monsters."