Polybius, Histories

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Book 8 - Chapter 3

1
<w lemma="%2A%28%2Fote">Ὅτε</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakou%2Fsas">Συρακούσας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29epiku%2Fdhs">Ἐπικύδης</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ippokra%2Fths">Ἱπποκράτης</w> <w lemma="kate%2Flabon">κατέλαβον</w>, <w lemma="e%28autou%2Fs">ἑαυτούς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="politw%3Dn">πολιτῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fas">φιλίας</w> <w lemma="a%29llotriw%2Fsantes">ἀλλοτριώσαντες</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="prospeptwkui%2Fas">προσπεπτωκυίας</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ierwnu%2Fmou">Ἱερωνύμου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakosi%2Fwn">Συρακοσίων</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="katastrofh%3Ds">καταστροφῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappion">Ἄππιον</w> <w lemma="%2Aklau%2Fdion">Κλαύδιον</w> <w lemma="a%29ntistra%2Fthgon">ἀντιστράτηγον</w> <w lemma="katasth%2Fsantes">καταστήσαντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pezh%5Cn">πεζὴν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fsthsan">συνέστησαν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nhi+%2Fthn">νηΐτην</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flon">στόλον</w> <w lemma="e%29petro%2Fpeuse">ἐπετρόπευσε</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkos">Μάρκος</w> <w lemma="%2Aklau%2Fdios">Κλαύδιος</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="stratopedei%2Fan">στρατοπεδείαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ba%2Flonto">ἐβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="mikro%5Cn">μικρὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29posxo%2Fntes">ἀποσχόντες</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prosbola%5Cs">προσβολὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrinan">ἔκριναν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pezh%3D%7C">πεζῇ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmei">δυνάμει</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ecapu%2Flwn">Ἑξαπύλων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nautikh%3D%7C">ναυτικῇ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axradi%2Fnhs">Ἀχραδίνης</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Askutikh%5Cn">Σκυτικὴν</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnhn">προσαγορευομένην</w> <w lemma="stoa%2Fn">στοάν</w>, <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="krhpi%3Ddos">κρηπῖδος</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tei%3Dxos">τεῖχος</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%28toimasa%2Fmenoi">ἑτοιμασάμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Frra">γέρρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="be%2Flh">βέλη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%29%2Flla">τἄλλα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poluxeiri%2Fan">πολυχειρίαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Flpisan">ἤλπισαν</w> <w lemma="katataxh%2Fsein">καταταχήσειν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%3D%7C">παρασκευῇ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="logisa%2Fmenoi">λογισάμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arximh%2Fdous">Ἀρχιμήδους</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="proi+do%2Fmenoi">προϊδόμενοι</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="mi%2Fa">μία</w> <w lemma="yuxh%5C">ψυχὴ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fshs">ἁπάσης</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="poluxeiri%2Fas">πολυχειρίας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%29ni%2Fois">ἐνίοις</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nustikwte%2Fra">ἀνυστικωτέρα</w>. <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fgnwsan">ἔγνωσαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%29xura%3Ds">ὀχυρᾶς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dsqai">κεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="ku%2Fklw%7C">κύκλῳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tei%3Dxos">τεῖχος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="u%28perdeci%2Fwn">ὑπερδεξίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnhs">προκειμένης</w> <w lemma="o%29fru%2Fos">ὀφρύος</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhdeno%5Cs">μηδενὸς</w> <w lemma="kwlu%2Fontos">κωλύοντος</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%29marw%3Ds">εὐμαρῶς</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnaito">δύναιτο</w> <w lemma="pela%2Fsai">πελάσαι</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="w%28risme%2Fnous">ὡρισμένους</w>,
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<w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="h%28toi%2Fmase">ἡτοίμασε</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnos">προειρημένος</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%5Cr">ἀνὴρ</w> <w lemma="e%29nto%5Cs">ἐντὸς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuome%2Fnous">ἐπιπορευομένους</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29sxolei%3Dsqai">ἀσχολεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29munome%2Fnous">ἀμυνομένους</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fwn">ἐναντίων</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmou">ἑτοίμου</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fnthsin">ἀπάντησιν</w>.
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<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappios">Ἄππιος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="ge%2Frra">γέρρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kli%2Fmakas">κλίμακας</w> <w lemma="e%29nexei%2Frei">ἐνεχείρει</w> <w lemma="prosfe%2Frein">προσφέρειν</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fptonti">συνάπτοντι</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxei">τείχει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ecapu%2Flois">Ἑξαπύλοις</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29natolw%3Dn">ἀνατολῶν</w>.
<head>II. Affairs of Sicily</head><head>The Siege of Syracuse</head>At the time that Epicydes and Hippocrates seized on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>, alienating themselves and the rest of the citizens from the friendship of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, the Romans, who had already heard of the fate of Gieronymus, tyrant of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>, appointed Appius Claudius as propraetor, entrusting him with the command of the land forces, while they put their fleet under that of Marcus Claudius Marcellus.
These commanders took up a position not far from the city, and decided to attack it with their land forces in the neighbourhood of the Hezapyli, and with their fleet at the Stoa Scytice in Achradina, where the wall reaches down to the very edge of the sea.
Having got ready their blindages, missiles, and other siege material, they were in high hopes owing to their large numbers that in five days their works would be much more advanced than those of the enemy, but instead they did not reckon with the ability of Archimedes, or foresee that in some cases the genius of one man accomplishes much more than any number of hands. However, with they learnt the truth of this saying by experience.
The strength of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a> lies in the fact that the wall extends in a circle along a chain of hills with overhanging brows, which are, except in a limited number of places, by no means easy of approach even with no one to hinder it.
Archimedes now made such extensive preparations, both within the city and also to guard again an attack from the sea, that there would be no chance of the defenders being employed in meeting emergencies, but that every move of the enemy could be replied to instantly by a counter move. Appius, however, with his blindages, and ladders attempted to use these for attacking the portion of the wall which abuts on the Hexapylus to the east.