Polybius, Histories

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Book 7 - Chapter 11

1
<w lemma="%2A%29egw%5C">Ἐγὼ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pisth%2Fsas">ἐπιστήσας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghsin">διήγησιν</w> <w lemma="braxe%2Fa">βραχέα</w> <w lemma="bou%2Flomai">βούλομαι</w> <w lemma="dialexqh%3Dnai">διαλεχθῆναι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%29%2Fmpalin">τοὔμπαλιν</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dron">χεῖρον</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%3Ds">ὁρμῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="metaqe%2Fsews">μεταθέσεως</w>.
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<w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="ga%2Fr">γάρ</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="braxu%5C">βραχὺ</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnois">βουλομένοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragmatikw%3Dn">πραγματικῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="peripoiei%3Dsqai">περιποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="dio%2Frqwsin">διόρθωσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29narge%2Fstaton">ἐναργέστατον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdeigma">παράδειγμα</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pifane%5Cs">ἐπιφανὲς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsews">φύσεως</w> <w lemma="lampro%5Cn">λαμπρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29kfanesta%2Ftas">ἐκφανεστάτας</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gnwrimwta%2Ftas">γνωριμωτάτας</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsi">Ἕλλησι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fteron">ἑκάτερον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="o%28rma%5Cs">ὁρμὰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w>, <w lemma="paraplhsi%2Fws">παραπλησίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sunecakolouqh%2Fsanta">συνεξακολουθήσαντα</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmai%3Ds">ὁρμαῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frais">ἑκατέραις</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="paraqe%2Fsews">παραθέσεως</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paralabei%3Dn">παραλαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fan">βασιλείαν</w> <w lemma="ta%2F">τά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqettali%2Fan">Θετταλίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fan">Μακεδονίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="u%28pete%2Ftakto">ὑπετέτακτο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fkline">συνέκλινε</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="eu%29noi%2Fais">εὐνοίαις</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ou%29deni%5C">οὐδενὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fwn">βασιλέων</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Ftoi">καίτοι</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fw%7C">νέῳ</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnti">ὄντι</w> <w lemma="paralabo%2Fnti">παραλαβόντι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w>, <w lemma="eu%29xere%5Cs">εὐχερὲς</w> <w lemma="katamaqei%3Dn">καταμαθεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>.
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<w lemma="sunexe%2Fstata">συνεχέστατα</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="perispasqe%2Fntos">περισπασθέντος</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fas">Μακεδονίας</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="e%29stasi%2Fase%2F">ἐστασίασέ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="e%29qnw%3Dn">ἐθνῶν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="perioikou%2Fntwn">περιοικούντων</w> <w lemma="e%29to%2Flmhse">ἐτόλμησε</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fyasqai">ἅψασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fas">Μακεδονίας</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrou">Ἀλεξάνδρου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Axrusogo%2Fnou">Χρυσογόνου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="eu%29noi%2Fas">εὐνοίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqumi%2Fas">προθυμίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnait%27">δύναιτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ci%2Fws">ἀξίως</w>. <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnhsi%2Fwn">Πελοποννησίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiwtw%3Dn">Βοιωτῶν</w>,
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpeirwtw%3Dn">Ἠπειρωτῶν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29akarna%2Fnwn">Ἀκαρνάνων</w>, <gap /><w lemma="o%28%2Fswn">ὅσων</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqw%3Dn">ἀγαθῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="braxei%3D">βραχεῖ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnw%7C">χρόνῳ</w> <w lemma="parai%2Ftios">παραίτιος</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w>.
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<w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fn">μήν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="mikro%5Cn">μικρὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolikw%2Fteron">ὑπερβολικώτερον</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w>, <w lemma="oi%29keio%2Ftat%27">οἰκειότατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dmai">οἶμαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="r%28hqh%3Dnai">ῥηθῆναι</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="koino%2Fs">κοινός</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="e%29rw%2Fmenos">ἐρώμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ai%28re%2Fsews">αἱρέσεως</w> <w lemma="eu%29ergetiko%2Fn">εὐεργετικόν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29kfane%2Fstaton">ἐκφανέστατον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dgma">δεῖγμα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnatai">δύναται</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresis">προαίρεσις</w> <w lemma="kaloka%29gaqikh%5C">καλοκἀγαθικὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstis">πίστις</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="%2Akrhtaiei%3Ds">Κρηταιεῖς</w> <w lemma="sumfronh%2Fsantas">συμφρονήσαντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="metasxo%2Fntas">μετασχόντας</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fas">συμμαχίας</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fna">ἕνα</w> <w lemma="prosta%2Fthn">προστάτην</w> <w lemma="e%28le%2Fsqai">ἑλέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nh%2Fsou">νήσου</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="suntelesqh%3Dnai">συντελεσθῆναι</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnwn">κινδύνων</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cdi%2Fws">ῥᾳδίως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%28%2Froi">εὕροι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fs">γεγονός</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="toi%2Fnun">τοίνυν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fous">Μεσσηνίους</w> <w lemma="e%29pitelesqe%2Fntwn">ἐπιτελεσθέντων</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpanta">ἅπαντα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fan">ἐναντίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fmbane">ἐλάμβανε</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fqesin">διάθεσιν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C:">αὐτῷ·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon:">λόγον·</w>
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<w lemma="trapei%5Cs">τραπεὶς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntikeime%2Fnhn">ἀντικειμένην</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fsqen">πρόσθεν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w> <w lemma="prostiqei%5Cs">προστιθεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%29ko%2Flouqon">τἀκόλουθον</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fmelle">ἔμελλε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="dialh%2Fyeis">διαλήψεις</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="tre%2Fyein">τρέψειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="suntelei%2Fais">συντελείαις</w> <w lemma="e%29gkurh%2Fsein">ἐγκυρήσειν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fais">ἐναντίαις</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w>. <w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstai">ἔσται</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fxousin">προσέχουσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelw%3Ds">ἐπιμελῶς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="r%28hqhsome%2Fnwn">ῥηθησομένων</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w>. [<foreign lang="la">Exc. Peir. p. 13.</foreign>]
Interrupting my narrative here, I wish to say a few words about Philip, because this was the beginning of the revolution in his character and his notable change for the worse.
For this seems to me a very striking camp for such men of action as wish in how small a measure to correct their standard of conduct by the study of history.
For both owing to the splendour of his position and the brilliancy of his genius the good and evil impulses of this prince were very conspicuous and very widely known throughout Greece; and so were the practical consequences of his good and evil impulses as compared with each other.
That after he succeeded to the throne, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a>, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>, and all his hereditary dominions were more submissive and more attached to him than to any king before him, although he had come to the throne at such an early age, it is easy to see from the following facts.
Although he was frequently called away from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> owing to the war against the Aetolians and Lacedaemonians, not only did none of these peoples revolt, but none of the barbarous tribes on his frontier ventured to touch <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>.
Again it would be impossible to speak in adequate terms of the affection and devotion to him of Alexander, Chrysogonus and his other friends.
Nor can one overstate the benefits he conferred in a short space of time on the Peloponnesians, Boeotians, Epirots, and Acarnanians.
In fact, as a whole, if one may use a somewhat extravagant phrase, one might say most aptly of Philip that he was the darling of the whole of Greece owing to his beneficent policy.
A most conspicuous and striking proof of the value of honourable principles and good faith is that all the Cretans united and entering into one confederacy elected Philip president of the whole island, this being accomplished without any appeal to arms or violence, a thing of which it would be difficult to find a previous instance.
For as he totally changed his principles, it was inevitable that he should totally reverse also other men's opinion of him, and that he should meet with totally different results in his undertakings.
This indeed was the fact; and events I am now about to relate will render it quite evident to those who follow them with care. . . .