Polybius, Histories

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Book 6 - Chapter 46

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<w lemma="xeiri%2Fzetai">χειρίζεται</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fan">πολιτείαν</w>. <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akrhtaieu%3Dsi">Κρηταιεῦσι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxei">ὑπάρχει</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa:">τἀναντία·</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29fia%3Dsin">ἐφιᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmoi">νόμοι</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w>,
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<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fpeiron">ἄπειρον</w> <w lemma="kta%3Dsqai">κτᾶσθαι</w>, <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fforon">διάφορον</w> <w lemma="e%29kteti%2Fmhtai">ἐκτετίμηται</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fan">ἀναγκαίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kalli%2Fsthn">καλλίστην</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="kth%3Dsin">κτῆσιν</w>.
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<w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="q%27">θ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxroke%2Frdeian">αἰσχροκέρδειαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pleoneci%2Fan">πλεονεξίαν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpos">τρόπος</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29pixwria%2Fzei">ἐπιχωριάζει</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnois">μόνοις</w> <w lemma="%2Akrhtaieu%3Dsi">Κρηταιεῦσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fntwn">ἁπάντων</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxro%5Cn">αἰσχρὸν</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fzesqai">νομίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ke%2Frdos">κέρδος</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fteia">ἐπέτεια</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dhmokratikh%5Cn">δημοκρατικὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fqesin">διάθεσιν</w>.
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<w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="diaporei%3Dn">διαπορεῖν</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fan">ἐναντίαν</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29xo%2Fntwn">ἐχόντων</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fwn">οἰκείων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suggenw%3Dn">συγγενῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w> <w lemma="e%29chgge%2Flkasi">ἐξηγγέλκασι</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="parable%2Fpein">παραβλέπειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Ftas">τηλικαύτας</w> <w lemma="diafora%5Cs">διαφορὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5Cn">πολὺν</w> <w lemma="dh%2F">δή</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%29pime%2Ftrw%7C">ἐπιμέτρῳ</w> <w lemma="diati%2Fqentai">διατίθενται</w>, <w lemma="fa%2Fskontes">φάσκοντες</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Alukou%3Drgon">Λυκοῦργον</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftwn">γεγονότων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fxonta">συνέχοντα</w> <w lemma="teqewrhke%2Fnai:">τεθεωρηκέναι·</w>
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<w lemma="duei%3Dn">δυεῖν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="sw%2F%7Czetai">σῴζεται</w> <w lemma="poli%2Fteuma">πολίτευμα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w>, <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrei%2Fas">ἀνδρείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28monoi%2Fas">ὁμονοίας</w>, <w lemma="a%29nh%7Crhko%2Fta">ἀνῃρηκότα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pleoneci%2Fan">πλεονεξίαν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w> <w lemma="sunanh%7Crhke%2Fnai">συνανῃρηκέναι</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29mfu%2Flion">ἐμφύλιον</w> <w lemma="diafora%5Cn">διαφορὰν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fsin:">στάσιν·</w>
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<w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w>, <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Dn">κακῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>, <w lemma="ka%2Fllista">κάλλιστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="politeu%2Fesqai">πολιτεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumfronei%3Dn">συμφρονεῖν</w> <w lemma="tau%29ta%2F">ταὐτά</w>.
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<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pofhna%2Fmenoi">ἀποφηνάμενοι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qewrou%3Dntes">θεωροῦντες</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="paraqe%2Fsews">παραθέσεως</w> <w lemma="%2Akrhtaiei%3Ds">Κρηταιεῖς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmfuton">ἔμφυτον</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="pleoneci%2Fan">πλεονεξίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstais">πλείσταις</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fa%7C">ἰδίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="koino%5Cn">κοινὸν</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fsesi">στάσεσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fnois">φόνοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmois">πολέμοις</w> <w lemma="e%29mfuli%2Fois">ἐμφυλίοις</w> <w lemma="a%29nastrefome%2Fnous">ἀναστρεφομένους</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fontai">οἴονται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w>, <w lemma="qarrou%3Dsi">θαρροῦσι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fwn">ὁμοίων</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="politeuma%2Ftwn">πολιτευμάτων</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Feforos">Ἔφορος</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29noma%2Ftwn">ὀνομάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="le%2Fcesi">λέξεσι</w> <w lemma="ke%2Fxrhtai">κέχρηται</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="au%29tai%3Ds">αὐταῖς</w>, <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Fras">ἑκατέρας</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fas">πολιτείας</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fghsin">ἐξήγησιν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fst%27">ὥστ᾽</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fois">κυρίοις</w> <w lemma="o%29no%2Fmasi">ὀνόμασι</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fxoi">προσέχοι</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnasqai">δύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="diagnw%3Dnai">διαγνῶναι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="o%28pote%2Fras">ὁποτέρας</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dtai">ποιεῖται</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghsin">διήγησιν</w>. <w lemma="%2A%28%3Dhi">Ἧι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dsi">δοκοῦσι</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Frein">διαφέρειν</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flwn">ἀλλήλων</w>,
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<w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w> <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29paineth%5Cn">ἐπαινετὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="zhlwth%5Cn">ζηλωτὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28gou%2Fmeq%27">ἡγούμεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akrhtikh%5Cn">Κρητικὴν</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fan">πολιτείαν</w>, <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w>
In all these respects the Cretan practice is exactly the opposite.
Their laws go as far as possible in letting them acquire land to the extent of their power, as the saying is, and money is held in such high honour among them that its acquisition is not only regarded as necessary, but as most honourable.
So much in fact do sordid love of gain and lust for wealth prevail among them, that the Cretans are the only people in the world in whose eyes no gain is disgraceful.
Again their magistracies are annual and elected on a democratic system.
So that it often causes surprise how these authors proclaim to us, that two political systems the nature of which is so opposed, are allied and akin to each other.
Besides overlooking such differences, these writers go out of their way to give us their general views, saying that Lycurgus was the only man who ever saw the points of vital importance for good government.
For, there being two things to which a state owes its preservation, bravery against the enemy and concord among the citizens, Lycurgus by doing away with the lust for wealth did away also with all civil discord and broils.
In consequence of which the Lacedaemonians, being free from these evils, excel all the Greeks in the conduct of their internal affairs and in their spirit of union.
After asserting this, although they witness that the Cretans, on the other hand, owing to their ingrained lust of wealth are involved in constant broils both public and private, and in murders and civil wars, they regard this as immaterial, and have the audacity to say that the two political systems are similar.
Ephorus actually, apart from the names, uses the same phrases in explaining the nature of the two states; so that if one did not attend to the proper names it would be impossible to tell of which he is speaking.
Such are the points in which I consider these two political systems to differ, and I will now give my reasons for not regarding that of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Crete&groupId=505&placeId=949">Crete</a> as worthy of praise or imitation.