Polybius, Histories

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Book 6 - Chapter 34

1
<w lemma="%2Ath%3Ds">Τῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tafrei%2Fas">ταφρείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xarakopoii%2Fas">χαρακοποιίας</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29piba%2Fllousi">ἐπιβάλλουσι</w> <w lemma="pleurai%5C">πλευραὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxois">συμμάχοις</w>, <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="stratopedeu%2Fei">στρατοπεδεύει</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ke%2Fras">κέρας</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fteron">ἑκάτερον</w>, <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frw%7C">ἑκατέρῳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdw%7C">στρατοπέδῳ</w> <w lemma="mi%2Fa">μία</w>.
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<w lemma="diaireqei%2Fshs">διαιρεθείσης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pleura%3Ds">πλευρᾶς</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fsths">ἑκάστης</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fan">σημαίαν</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="e%29pime%2Fleian">ἐπιμέλειαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="taci%2Farxoi">ταξίαρχοι</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dntai">ποιοῦνται</w> <w lemma="parestw%3Dtes">παρεστῶτες</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="dokimasi%2Fan">δοκιμασίαν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pleura%3Ds">πλευρᾶς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxwn">χιλιάρχων</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="loiph%5Cn">λοιπὴν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w> <w lemma="e%29pime%2Fleian">ἐπιμέλειαν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dntai:">ποιοῦνται·</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="dielo%2Fntes">διελόντες</w> <w lemma="a%29na%5C">ἀνὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28kmh%2Fnou">ἑκμήνου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fmhnon">δίμηνον</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxousi">ἄρχουσι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="laxo%2Fntes">λαχόντες</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pai%2Fqrois">ὑπαίθροις</w> <w lemma="proi+%2Fstantai">προΐστανται</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fas">χρείας</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpos">τρόπος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="praife%2Fktwn">πραιφέκτων</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="taci%2Farxoi">ταξίαρχοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="paragi%2Fnontai">παραγίνονται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxwn">χιλιάρχων</w> <w lemma="skhna%2Fs">σκηνάς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xili%2Farxoi">χιλίαρχοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fpaton">ὕπατον</w>.
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<w lemma="ka%29kei%3Dnos">κἀκεῖνος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="katepei%3Dgon">κατεπεῖγον</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="paragge%2Fllei">παραγγέλλει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxois">χιλιάρχοις</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xili%2Farxoi">χιλίαρχοι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppeu%3Dsi">ἱππεῦσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tacia%2Frxois">ταξιάρχοις</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstwn">ἑκάστων</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cs">καιρὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3D%7C">ᾖ</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Ath%5Cn">Τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="nukterinou%3D">νυκτερινοῦ</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fmatos">συνθήματος</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdosin">παράδοσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfali%2Fzontai">ἀσφαλίζονται</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w>.
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<w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="deka%2Fths">δεκάτης</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="teleutai%2Fas">τελευταίας</w> <w lemma="stratopedeuou%2Fshs">στρατοπεδευούσης</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="r%28u%2Fmas">ῥύμας</w>, <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Ds">εἷς</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fsths">ἑκάστης</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%5Cr">ἀνὴρ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnetai">λαμβάνεται</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29klogh%2Fn">ἐκλογήν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="fulaka%5Cs">φυλακὰς</w> <w lemma="leitourgiw%3Dn">λειτουργιῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29polu%2Fetai">ἀπολύεται</w>, <w lemma="paragi%2Fnetai">παραγίνεται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fran">ἡμέραν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnontos">δύνοντος</w> <w lemma="h%28li%2Fou">ἡλίου</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxou">χιλιάρχου</w> <w lemma="skhnh%2Fn">σκηνήν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fnqhma">σύνθημα</w> — <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="platei%3Don">πλατεῖον</w> <w lemma="e%29pigegramme%2Fnon">ἐπιγεγραμμένον</w> —
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<w lemma="a%29palla%2Fttetai">ἀπαλλάττεται</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w>. <w lemma="a%29naxwrh%2Fsas">ἀναχωρήσας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fan">σημαίαν</w> <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="culh%2Ffion">ξυλήφιον</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fdwke">παρέδωκε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fnqhma">σύνθημα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="martu%2Frwn">μαρτύρων</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29xome%2Fnhs">ἐχομένης</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fni">ἡγεμόνι</w>, <w lemma="paraplhsi%2Fws">παραπλησίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29xome%2Fnhs">ἐχομένης</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fmoion">ὅμοιον</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dsi">ποιοῦσι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftas">πρώτας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fneggus">σύνεγγυς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxois">χιλιάρχοις</w> <w lemma="stratopedeuou%2Fsas">στρατοπεδευούσας</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="e%29ciknh%3Dtai">ἐξικνῆται</w>. <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="platei%3Don">πλατεῖον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="fwto%5Cs">φωτὸς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntos">ὄντος</w> <w lemma="a%29nafe%2Frein">ἀναφέρειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxous">χιλιάρχους</w>.
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<w lemma="ka%29%5Cn">κἂν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29nenexqh%3D%7C">ἀνενεχθῇ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="doqe%2Fnta">δοθέντα</w>, <w lemma="ginw%2Fskei">γινώσκει</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="de%2Fdotai">δέδοται</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fnqhma">σύνθημα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkei:">ἥκει·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29llei%2Fph%7C">ἐλλείπῃ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w>, <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="zhtei%3D">ζητεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fs">γεγονός</w>, <w lemma="ei%29dw%5Cs">εἰδὼς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pigrafh%3Ds">ἐπιγραφῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="poi%2Fou">ποίου</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkei">ἥκει</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="platei%3Don">πλατεῖον</w>. <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%28reqh%3D%7C">εὑρεθῇ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kw%2Fluma">κώλυμα</w>, <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnei">τυγχάνει</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kaqhkou%2Fshs">καθηκούσης</w> <w lemma="zhmi%2Fas">ζημίας</w>.
As regards the entrenchment and stockading of the camp, the task falls upon the allies concerning those two sides along which their two wings are quartered, the other two sides being assigned to the Romans, one to each legion.
Each side having been divided into sections, one for each maniple, the centurions stand by and superintend the details, while two of the tribunes exercise a general supervision over the work on each side;
and it is these latter officers who superintend all other work connected with the camp. They divide themselves into pairs, and each pair is on duty in turn for two months out of six, supervising all field operations.
The prefects of the allies divide their duties on the same system.
Every day at dawn the cavalry officers and centurions attend at the tents of the tribunes, and the tribunes proceed to that of the consul.
He gives the necessary orders to the tribunes, and they pass them on to the cavalry officers and centurions, who convey them to the soldiers when the proper time comes.
The way in which they secure the passing round of the watchword for the night is as follows:
from the tenth maniple of each class of infantry and cavalry, the maniple which is encamped at the lower end of the street, a man is chosen who is relieved from guard duty, and he attends every day at sunset at the tent of the tribune, and receiving from him the watchword — that is a wooden tablet with the word inscribed on it — takes his leave, and on returning to his quarters passes on the watchword and tablet before witnesses to the commander of the next maniple, who in turn passes it to the one next him. All do the same until it reaches the first maniples, those encamped near the tents of the tribunes. These latter are obliged to deliver the tablet to the tribunes before dark.
So that if all those issued are returned, the tribune knows that the watchword has been given to all the maniples, and has passed through all on its way back to him.
If any one of them is missing, he makes inquiry at once, as he knows by the marks from what quarter the tablet has not returned, and whoever is responsible for the stoppage meets with the punishment he merits.