Polybius, Histories

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Book 6 - Chapter 13

1
<w lemma="%2Akai%5C">Καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tamiei%2Fou">ταμιείου</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fan">κυρίαν</w>. <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29so%2Fdou">εἰσόδου</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="au%28%2Fth">αὕτη</w> <w lemma="kratei%3D">κρατεῖ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29co%2Fdou">ἐξόδου</w> <w lemma="paraplhsi%2Fws">παραπλησίως</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fas">χρείας</w> <w lemma="ou%29demi%2Fan">οὐδεμίαν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcodon">ἔξοδον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tami%2Fai">ταμίαι</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnantai">δύνανται</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="dogma%2Ftwn">δογμάτων</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftous:">ὑπάτους·</w>
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<w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="o%28losxeresta%2Fths">ὁλοσχερεστάτης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsths">μεγίστης</w> <w lemma="dapa%2Fnhs">δαπάνης</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="timhtai%5C">τιμηταὶ</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dsin">ποιοῦσιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29piskeua%5Cs">ἐπισκευὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kataskeua%5Cs">κατασκευὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="dhmosi%2Fwn">δημοσίων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pentaethri%2Fda">πενταετηρίδα</w>, <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhto%2Fs">σύγκλητός</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fa">κυρία</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sugxw%2Frhma">συγχώρημα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="timhtai%3Ds">τιμηταῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29dikhma%2Ftwn">ἀδικημάτων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="prosdei%3Dtai">προσδεῖται</w> <w lemma="dhmosi%2Fas">δημοσίας</w> <w lemma="e%29piske%2Fyews">ἐπισκέψεως</w>, <w lemma="le%2Fgw">λέγω</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="prodosi%2Fas">προδοσίας</w>, <w lemma="sunwmosi%2Fas">συνωμοσίας</w>, <w lemma="farmakei%2Fas">φαρμακείας</w>, <w lemma="dolofoni%2Fas">δολοφονίας</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftw%7C">συγκλήτῳ</w> <w lemma="me%2Flei">μέλει</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>. <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w>,
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<w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="i%29diw%2Fths">ἰδιώτης</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flis">πόλις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fsews">διαλύσεως</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nh%5C">νὴ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%2F%27">Δί᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pitimh%2Fsews">ἐπιτιμήσεως</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="bohqei%2Fas">βοηθείας</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="fulakh%3Ds">φυλακῆς</w> <w lemma="prosdei%3Dtai">προσδεῖται</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="e%29pimele%2Fs">ἐπιμελές</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftw%7C">συγκλήτῳ</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="e%29caposte%2Fllein">ἐξαποστέλλειν</w> <w lemma="de%2Foi">δέοι</w> <w lemma="presbei%2Fan">πρεσβείαν</w> <w lemma="tin%27">τιν᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fsousa%2Fn">διαλύσουσάν</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="parakale%2Fsousan">παρακαλέσουσαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nh%5C">νὴ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%2F%27">Δί᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pita%2Fcousan">ἐπιτάξουσαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="paralhyome%2Fnhn">παραληψομένην</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29pagge%2Fllousan">ἐπαγγέλλουσαν</w>. <w lemma="au%28%2Fth">αὕτη</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dtai">ποιεῖται</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fnoian">πρόνοιαν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paragenome%2Fnwn">παραγενομένων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="presbeiw%3Dn">πρεσβειῶν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5Cn">ἐστὶν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="a%29pokriqh%3Dnai">ἀποκριθῆναι</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="xeiri%2Fzetai">χειρίζεται</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w>. <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="dh%3Dmon">δῆμον</w> <w lemma="kaqa%2Fpac">καθάπαξ</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fn">οὐδέν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="o%28po%2Fte">ὁπότε</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29pidhmh%2Fsai">ἐπιδημήσαι</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fntos">παρόντος</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftou">ὑπάτου</w>, <w lemma="telei%2Fws">τελείως</w> <w lemma="a%29ristokratikh%5C">ἀριστοκρατικὴ</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fneq%27">φαίνεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fa">πολιτεία</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w>, <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fwn">βασιλέων</w>, <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnoi">πεπεισμένοι</w> <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnousi">τυγχάνουσι</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sfw%3Dn">σφῶν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w> <w lemma="kurou%3Dn">κυροῦν</w>.
To pass to the senate. In the first place it has the control of the treasury, all revenue and expenditure being regulated by it.
For with the exception of payments made to the consuls, the quaestors are not allowed to disburse for any particular object without a decree of the senate.
And even the item of expenditure which is far heavier and more important than any other — the outlay every five years by the censors on public works, whether constructions or repairs — is under the control of the senate, which makes a grant to the censors for the purpose.
Similarly crimes committed in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> which require a public investigation, such as treason, conspiracy, poisoning, and assassination, are under the jurisdiction of the senate.
Also if any private person or community in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> is in need of arbitration or indeed claims damages or requires succour or protection, the senate attends to all such matters. It also occupies itself with the dispatch of all embassies sent to countries outside of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> for the purpose either of settling differences, or of offering friendly advice, or indeed of imposing demands, or of receiving submission, or of declaring war;
and in like manner with respect to embassies arriving in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> it decides what reception and what answer should be given to them. All these matters are in the hands of the senate, nor have the people anything whatever to do with them.
So that again to one residing in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> during the absence of the consuls the constitution appears to be entirely aristocratic;
and this is the conviction of many Greek states and many of the kings, as the senate manages all business connected with them.