Polybius, Histories

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Book 4 - Chapter 27

1
<w lemma="%2Akata%5C">Κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%2F">Αἰτωλοί</w>, <w lemma="suna%2Fyantos">συνάψαντος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxairesi%2Fwn">ἀρχαιρεσίων</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnou">χρόνου</w>, <w lemma="strathgo%5Cn">στρατηγὸν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%28%2Flonto">εἵλοντο</w> <w lemma="%2Asko%2Fpan">Σκόπαν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="e%29gego%2Fnei">ἐγεγόνει</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29dikhma%2Ftwn">ἀδικημάτων</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftios">αἴτιος</w>.
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<w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dda">οἶδα</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="xrh%5C">χρὴ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w>. <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="koinw%3D%7C">κοινῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="do%2Fgmati">δόγματι</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="polemei%3Dn">πολεμεῖν</w>, <w lemma="pandhmei%5C">πανδημεὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="strateu%2Fontas">στρατεύοντας</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frein">φέρειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flas">πέλας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kola%2Fzein">κολάζειν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fwn">αἰτίων</w>, <w lemma="strathgou%5Cs">στρατηγοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ai%28rei%3Dsqai">αἱρεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tima%3Dn">τιμᾶν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proestw%3Dtas">προεστῶτας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftwn">τοιούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w>, <w lemma="e%29moi%5C">ἐμοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fmein">γέμειν</w> <w lemma="kakopragmosu%2Fnhs:">κακοπραγμοσύνης·</w>
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<w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllo">ἄλλο</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="kaki%2Fas">κακίας</w> <w lemma="o%29noma%2Fseie">ὀνομάσειε</w>; <w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstai">ἔσται</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Alakedaimo%2Fnioi">Λακεδαιμόνιοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akadmei%2Fan">Καδμείαν</w> <w lemma="%2Afoibi%2Fdou">Φοιβίδου</w> <w lemma="paraspondh%2Fsantos">παρασπονδήσαντος</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftion">αἴτιον</w> <w lemma="e%29zhmi%2Fwsan">ἐζημίωσαν</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cn">φρουρὰν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fgagon">ἐξήγαγον</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fsper">ὥσπερ</w> <w lemma="luome%2Fnhs">λυομένης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fas">ἀδικίας</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcantos">πράξαντος</w> <w lemma="bla%2Fbhs">βλάβης</w>, <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn:">ποιεῖν·</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffere">διέφερε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%2Fois">Θηβαίοις</w>.
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<w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29kh%2Frutton">ἐκήρυττον</w> <w lemma="a%29fie%2Fntes">ἀφιέντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqe%2Fras">ἐλευθέρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tono%2Fmous">αὐτονόμους</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antalki%2Fdou">Ἀνταλκίδου</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnhn">γενομένην</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fnhn">εἰρήνην</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28rmosta%5Cs">ἁρμοστὰς</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%3Dgon">ἐξῆγον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Amantinei%3Ds">Μαντινεῖς</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flous">φίλους</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w> <w lemma="a%29nasta%2Ftous">ἀναστάτους</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsantes">ποιήσαντες</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w> <w lemma="a%29dikei%3Dn">ἀδικεῖν</w>, <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="mia%3Ds">μιᾶς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="dioiki%2Fsantes">διοικίσαντες</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29noi%2Fa%7C">ἀνοίᾳ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="kaki%2Fas">κακίας</w> <w lemma="xrhsa%2Fmenoi">χρησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="profanw%3Ds">προφανῶς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3Dn">δοκεῖν</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%2Fn">ἐάν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29pimu%2Fh%7C">ἐπιμύῃ</w>, <w lemma="mhde%5C">μηδὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flas">πέλας</w> <w lemma="o%28ra%3Dn">ὁρᾶν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frois">ἀμφοτέροις</w> <w lemma="toi%2Fnun">τοίνυν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dlos">ζῆλος</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fas">πολιτείας</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftios">αἴτιος</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsth">κατέστη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstwn">μεγίστων</w> <w lemma="sumptwma%2Ftwn:">συμπτωμάτων·</w> <w lemma="o%28%5Cn">ὃν</w> <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29damh%3D%7C">οὐδαμῇ</w> <w lemma="zhlwte%2Fon">ζηλωτέον</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%29rqw%3Ds">ὀρθῶς</w> <w lemma="bouleuome%2Fnous">βουλευομένους</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="xrhmati%2Fsas">χρηματίσας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%3Ds">Ἀχαιοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fzeuce">ἀνέζευξε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fas">Μακεδονίας</w>, <w lemma="speu%2Fdwn">σπεύδων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxois">συμμάχοις</w>,
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<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsi">Ἕλλησι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnou">προειρημένου</w> <w lemma="yhfi%2Fsmatos">ψηφίσματος</w> <w lemma="kala%5Cs">καλὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="u%28podeiknu%2Fwn">ὑποδεικνύων</w> <w lemma="pra%7Co%2Fthtos">πρᾳότητος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fas">μεγαλοψυχίας</w> <w lemma="basilikh%3Ds">βασιλικῆς</w>.
Meanwhile, it being the date of their annual election, the Aetolians elected as Strategus that very Scopas who had been the chief cause of all the outrages I have narrated above.
I really scarcely find words in which to express myself about this matter. After declaring by a public decree that they were not going to war, to make an expedition in full force and pillage the countries of their neighbours and then, instead of punishing any of the guilty persons, to honour by electing to their chief offices the directors of these proceedings seems to me the very height of villainy;
for how can we characterize otherwise such base conduct? —
conduct the nature of which the following examples will serve to illustrate. When the Lacedaemonians gained possession of the Cadmea by the treachery of Phoebidas, they punished the guilty general but did not withdraw the garrison, as if the injustice of the act were atoned for by the perpetrator being made to suffer for it, while if they had chosen, they might have done just the reverse, for the Thebans were concerned about the garrison, not about the man.
Again by the terms of the peace of Antalcidas the same people proclaimed all Greek cities free and autonomous, but did not withdraw their harmosis from them, and again in expelling from their home the Mantineans, who were their friends and allies,
they maintained that they inflicted no wrong on them by transferring them from one city to several.
In all this they exhibited their folly as well as their knavery, they evidently thought that if a man shuts his own eyes his neighbours too are blind.
Now to both states, the Aetolians and the Spartans, this unscrupulous policy resulted in the greatest calamities, and it should never be an object of imitation in the public or private life of men who are well advised.
King Philip now having finished his business with the Achaeans left with his army for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> to hasten on the preparations for the war,
having given by the above decree not only to the allies, but to all the Greeks a happy prospect of mildness in his rule and of that magnanimity which befits a king.