<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ne%2Foi">νέοι</w>. <w lemma="tau%3Dta%2F">ταῦτά</w> <w lemma="te%2F">τέ</w> <w lemma="moi">μοι</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dsin">δοκοῦσιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flai">πάλαι</w> <w lemma="pareisagagei%3Dn">παρεισαγαγεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="trufh%3Ds">τρυφῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="periousi%2Fas">περιουσίας</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="qewrou%3Dntes">θεωροῦντες</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstwn">ἑκάστων</w> <w lemma="au%29tourgi%2Fan">αὐτουργίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fwn">βίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fponon">ἐπίπονον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sklhro%2Fn">σκληρόν</w>, <w lemma="qewrou%3Dntes">θεωροῦντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29qw%3Dn">ἠθῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29sthri%2Fan">αὐστηρίαν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%2Ftis">ἥτις</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fpetai">παρέπεται</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fxontos">περιέχοντος</w> <w lemma="yuxro%2Fthta">ψυχρότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="stugno%2Fthta">στυγνότητα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpois">τόποις</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxousan">ὑπάρχουσαν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="sunecomoiou%3Dsqai">συνεξομοιοῦσθαι</w> <w lemma="pefu%2Fkamen">πεφύκαμεν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fnqrwpoi">ἄνθρωποι</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkhn:">ἀνάγκην·</w>
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllhn">ἄλλην</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29qnika%5Cs">ἐθνικὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerei%3Ds">ὁλοσχερεῖς</w> <w lemma="diasta%2Fseis">διαστάσεις</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flwn">ἀλλήλων</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Fromen">διαφέρομεν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fqesi%2F">ἤθεσί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="morfai%3Ds">μορφαῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xrw%2Fmasin">χρώμασιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdeuma%2Ftwn">ἐπιτηδευμάτων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstois">πλείστοις</w>.
<w lemma="boulo%2Fmenoi">βουλόμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mala%2Fttein">μαλάττειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kirna%3Dn">κιρνᾶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsews">φύσεως</w> <w lemma="au%29%2Fqades">αὔθαδες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sklhro%2Fn">σκληρόν</w>, <w lemma="ta%2F">τά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fna">προειρημένα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="pareish%2Fgagon">παρεισήγαγον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="suno%2Fdous">συνόδους</w> <w lemma="koina%5Cs">κοινὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qusi%2Fas">θυσίας</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstas">πλείστας</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="a%29ndra%2Fsi">ἀνδράσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gunaici%5C">γυναιξὶ</w> <w lemma="katei%2Fqisan">κατείθισαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xorou%5Cs">χοροὺς</w> <w lemma="parqe%2Fnwn">παρθένων</w> <w lemma="o%28mou%3D">ὁμοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pai%2Fdwn">παίδων</w>,
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="e%29mhxanh%2Fsanto">ἐμηχανήσαντο</w>, <w lemma="speu%2Fdontes">σπεύδοντες</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="yuxh%3Ds">ψυχῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29te%2Framnon">ἀτέραμνον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29qismw%3Dn">ἐθισμῶν</w> <w lemma="kataskeuh%3Ds">κατασκευῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29chmerou%3Dn">ἐξημεροῦν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prau+%2Fnein">πραΰνειν</w>.
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="%2Akunaiqei%3Ds">Κυναιθεῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrh%2Fsantes">ὀλιγωρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w>. <w lemma="plei%2Fsths">πλείστης</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fmenoi">δεόμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fas">ἐπικουρίας</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sklhro%2Ftaton">σκληρότατον</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadi%2Fas">Ἀρκαδίας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="a%29e%2Fra">ἀέρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29ta%5Cs">αὐτὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w> <w lemma="diatriba%5Cs">διατριβὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filotimi%2Fas">φιλοτιμίας</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%2Fsantes">ὁρμήσαντες</w>,
<w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="a%29peqhriw%2Fqhsan">ἀπεθηριώθησαν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="o%28poi%2Fa%7C">ὁποίᾳ</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellhni%2Fdwn">Ἑλληνίδων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="a%29sebh%2Fmata">ἀσεβήματα</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fzona">μείζονα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%2Fstera">συνεχέστερα</w>.
<w lemma="shmei%3Don">σημεῖον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Akunaiqe%2Fwn">Κυναιθέων</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fas">ἀτυχίας</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arka%2Fdwn">Ἀρκάδων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftois">τοιούτοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdeuma%2Ftwn">ἐπιτηδευμάτων</w> <w lemma="dusaresth%2Fsews:">δυσαρεστήσεως·</w>
<w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="sfagh%5Cn">σφαγὴν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsantes">ποιήσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2Akunaiqei%3Ds">Κυναιθεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pre%2Fsbeusan">ἐπρέσβευσαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="pot%27">ποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadika%5Cs">Ἀρκαδικὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29sh%3Dlqon">εἰσῆλθον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28do%2Fn">ὁδόν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Flloi">ἄλλοι</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29cekh%2Frucan">ἐξεκήρυξαν</w>,
<w lemma="%2Amantinei%3Ds">Μαντινεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pallagh%5Cn">ἀπαλλαγὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqarmo%5Cn">καθαρμὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsanto">ἐποιήσαντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sfa%2Fgia">σφάγια</w> <w lemma="perih%2Fnegkan">περιήνεγκαν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="ku%2Fklw%7C">κύκλῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Atau%3Dta">Ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fsqw">εἰρήσθω</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="mi%2Fan">μίαν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="koino%5Cn">κοινὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dqos">ἦθος</w> <w lemma="diaba%2Fllesqai">διαβάλλεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arka%2Fdwn">Ἀρκάδων</w>, <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fsantas">νομίσαντας</w> <w lemma="e%29ni%2Fous">ἐνίους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="katoikou%2Fntwn">κατοικούντων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadi%2Fan">Ἀρκαδίαν</w> <w lemma="periousi%2Fas">περιουσίας</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="mousikh%5Cn">μουσικὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="a%29skei%3Dsqai">ἀσκεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrei%3Dn">ὀλιγωρεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeirh%3Dsai">ἐγχειρῆσαι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w>,
<w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akunaiqe%2Fwn">Κυναιθέων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fneken">ἕνεκεν</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fn%27">ἵν᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="pot%27">ποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="qeo%5Cs">θεὸς</w> <w lemma="eu%29%3D">εὖ</w> <w lemma="dw%3D%7C">δῷ</w>, <w lemma="trape%2Fntes">τραπέντες</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="paidei%2Fan">παιδείαν</w> <w lemma="h%28merw%3Dsin">ἡμερῶσιν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%2Fs">αὑτούς</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="mousikh%2Fn:">μουσικήν·</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnws">μόνως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="lh%2Fcaien">λήξαιεν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnhs">γενομένης</w> <w lemma="a%29grio%2Fthtos">ἀγριότητος</w>.
<w lemma="h%28mei%3Ds">ἡμεῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akunaiqe%2Fwn">Κυναιθέων</w> <w lemma="u%28popi%2Fptonta">ὑποπίπτοντα</w> <w lemma="dedhlw%2Fkamen">δεδηλώκαμεν</w>, <w lemma="au%29%3Dtis">αὖτις</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29ktroph%5Cn">ἐκτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pa%2Fnimen">ἐπάνιμεν</w>.
|
Now all these practices I believe to have been introduced by the men of old time, not as luxuries and superfluities but because they had before their eyes the universal practice of personal manual labour in Arcadia, and in general the toilsomeness and hardship of the men's lives, as well as the harshness of character resulting from the cold and gloomy atmospheric conditions usually prevailing in these parts — conditions to which all men by their very nature must perforce assimilate themselves;
there being no other cause than this why separate nations and peoples dwelling widely apart differ so much from each other in character, feature, and colour as well as in the most of their pursuits.
The primitive Arcadians, therefore, with the view of softening and tempering the stubbornness and harshness of nature, introduced all the practices I mentioned, and in addition accustomed the people, both men and women, to frequent festivals and general sacrifices, and dances of young men and maidens, and in fact resorted to every contrivance to render more gentle and mild, by the influence of the customs they instituted, the extreme hardness of the natural character. The Cynaetheans, by entirely neglecting these institutions, though in special need of such influences, as their country is the most rugged and their climate the most inclement in Arcadia, and by devoting themselves exclusively to their local affairs and political rivalries, finally became so savage that in no city of Greece were greater and more constant crimes committed. As an indication of the deplorable condition of the Cynaetheans in this respect and the detestation of the other Arcadians for such practices I may mention the following: at the time when, after the great massacre, the Cynaetheans sent an embassy to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>, the other Arcadian cities which they entered on their journey gave them instant notice to depart by cry of herald,
but the Mantineans after their departure even made a solemn purification by offering piacular sacrifices and carrying them round their city and all their territory.
I have said so much on this subject firstly in order that the character of the Arcadian nation should not suffer for the crimes of one city, secondly to deter any other Arcadians from beginning to neglect music under the impression that its extensive practice in Arcadia serves no necessary purpose. I also spoke for the sake of the Cynaetheans themselves, in order that, if Heaven ever grant them better fortune, they may humanize themselves by turning their attention to education and especially to music; for by no other means can they hope to free themselves from that savagery which overtook them at this time.
Having now said all that occurred to me on the subject of this people I return to the point whence I digressed.
|
Walbank Commentary