Polybius, Histories

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Book 38 - Chapter 3

1
<w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrou">Ἀλεξάνδρου</w>. <w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="braxei%3D">βραχεῖ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnw%7C">χρόνῳ</w> <w lemma="tuxo%2Fntes">τυχόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fas">ἐπικουρίας</w> <w lemma="tino%5Cs">τινὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="w%29%2F%7Ckoun">ᾤκουν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fleos">ἔλεος</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mikro%5Cn">μικρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fxeiro%2Fn">ἐπίχειρόν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkws">ἀδίκως</w> <w lemma="a%29klhrou%3Dsin">ἀκληροῦσιν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="i%29dei%3Dn">ἰδεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmai%3Ds">ὁρμαῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhn">τύχην</w> <w lemma="metaballome%2Fnhn">μεταβαλλομένην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kratou%3Dntas">κρατοῦντας</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="metamelome%2Fnous">μεταμελομένους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diorqoume%2Fnous">διορθουμένους</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paralo%2Fgws">παραλόγως</w> <w lemma="h%29tuxhko%2Ftwn">ἠτυχηκότων</w> <w lemma="peripetei%2Fas">περιπετείας</w>.
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<w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pei%2Fqonto">ἐπείθοντο</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Axalkidei%3Ds">Χαλκιδεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akori%2Fnqioi">Κορίνθιοι</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fterai">ἕτεραι</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="eu%29fui+%2Fan">εὐφυΐαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fa%7C">Μακεδονίᾳ</w> <w lemma="basileu%3Dsi">βασιλεῦσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cs">φρουρὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon:">εἶχον·</w>
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<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="douleu%2Fontas">δουλεύοντας</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="e%29spou%2Fdazon">ἐσπούδαζον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqerou%3Dn">ἐλευθεροῦν</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="katadoulwsame%2Fnous">καταδουλωσαμένους</w> <w lemma="e%29mi%2Fsoun">ἐμίσουν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="h%28gou%3Dnto">ἡγοῦντο</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flous">τέλους</w>.
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<w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fptaion">ἔπταιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29sfa%2Fllonto">ἐσφάλλοντο</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fpan">ἐπίπαν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fas">ἡγεμονίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbhtou%3Dntes">ἀμφισβητοῦντες</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="mona%2Frxwn">μονάρχων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fwn">βασιλέων</w> <w lemma="paraspondou%2Fmenoi:">παρασπονδούμενοι·</w>
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="spani%2Fous">σπανίους</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%28%2Frois">εὕροις</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fneidos">ὄνειδος</w> <w lemma="h%29kolou%2Fqei">ἠκολούθει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29klhrou%2Fntwn">ἀκληρούντων</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fas">ἀτυχίας</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnoma">ὄνομα</w> <w lemma="die%2Fmenen:">διέμενεν·</w>
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<w lemma="a%29klhrei%3Dn">ἀκληρεῖν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas">ἅπαντας</w> <w lemma="h%28ghte%2Fon">ἡγητέον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="paralo%2Fgois">παραλόγοις</w> <w lemma="sumforai%3Ds">συμφοραῖς</w> <w lemma="peripi%2Fptontas">περιπίπτοντας</w>, <w lemma="a%29tuxei%3Dn">ἀτυχεῖν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnous">μόνους</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29bouli%2Fan">ἀβουλίαν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fneidos">ὄνειδος</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="e%29pife%2Frousi">ἐπιφέρουσι</w>.
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<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pokeime%2Fnous">ὑποκειμένους</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29tu%2Fxhsan">ἠτύχησαν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsioi">Πελοποννήσιοι</w>, <w lemma="%2Aboiwtoi%2F">Βοιωτοί</w>, <w lemma="%2Afwkei%3Ds">Φωκεῖς</w>, <gap /><w lemma="ei%3Ds">εῖς</w>, <w lemma="%2Alokroi%2F">Λοκροί</w>, <w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29io%2Fnion">Ἰόνιον</w> <w lemma="katoikou%2Fntwn">κατοικούντων</w> <w lemma="ko%2Flpon">κόλπον</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnes:">Μακεδόνες·</w>
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<w lemma=""></w> <gap /><w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <gap /><w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <gap /><w lemma="e%29pi%2Fpan">ἐπίπαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="h%29klh%2Frhsan">ἠκλήρησαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29tu%2Fxhsan">ἠτύχησαν</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fan">ἀτυχίαν</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxra%5Cn">αἰσχρὰν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fni">ἔνι</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29ponei%2Fdiston:">ἐπονείδιστον·</w>
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29pisti%2Fan">ἀπιστίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nandri%2Fan">ἀνανδρίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdeican">ἔδειξαν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29ph%2Fnegkan">ἐπήνεγκαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29t">ἀτ</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <gap /><w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w>. <w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="sterhqe%2Fntes">στερηθέντες</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Dn">καλῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="ste%2F">στέ</w> <gap />, <w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="d">δ</w> <gap /><w lemma="ntes">ντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="parede%2Fcanto">παρεδέξαντο</w> <w lemma="r%28a%2Fbdous">ῥάβδους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pele%2Fkeis">πελέκεις</w> <w lemma="e%29qelo">ἐθελο</w> <gap /><w lemma=":">·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flw%7C">μεγάλῳ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbw%7C">φόβῳ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolh%5Cn">ὑπερβολὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="a%28marthma%2Ftwn">ἁμαρτημάτων</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="xr">χρ</w>
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<w lemma="h%5C">ὴ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn:">ἰδίων·</w> <w lemma="e%29gw%5C">ἐγὼ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29gnohke%2Fnai">ἠγνοηκέναι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fhn">φαίην</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parapepaike%2Fnai">παραπεπαικέναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkontos">καθήκοντος</w>, <w lemma="h%28marthke%2Fnai">ἡμαρτηκέναι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fous">αἰτίους</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftas">γεγονότας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoi%2Fas">ἀγνοίας</w>.
And consequently in a short time with some slight assistance they were able to restore their city and again dwell safely in it.
For the compassion of others is no small help to those who have suffered undeserved misfortune, and we often see that general sympathy is attended by a change of Fortune and that those in power themselves repent of their conduct and repair the calamity that they unjustifiably inflicted.
Again for a certain time <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chalcis&groupId=457&placeId=853">Chalcis</a>, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corinth&groupId=493&placeId=928">Corinth</a> and some other cities owing to their favourable situations were obliged to obey the kings of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> and to receive garrisons.
But in this case all did their best to free them from persistent slavery and looked with hatred and persistent enmity on those who had subjected them to it.
To speak generally, they were single cities or groups of cities which in former times came to grief, some of them contending for supremacy or practical objects and others treacherously seized by despots and kings.
So that in very few cases did the victims of misfortune incur reproach or did they continue to be spoken of as having met with disaster.
For we should consider that all states or individuals who meet with exceptional calamities are unfortunate, but that only those whose own folly brings reproach on them suffer disaster.
In the time I am speaking of a common misfortune befel the Peloponnesians, the Boeotians, the Phocians, the Euboeans, the Locrians, some of the cities on the Ionian Gulf, and finally the Macedonians . . . not resulting merely from the number of defeats they suffered, far from it, but by their whole conduct they brought on themselves no misfortune, but a disaster as disgraceful and discreditable as it could be.
For they showed both faithlessness and cowardice and brought on their heads all this trouble . . . Therefore they lost every shred of honour, and for various reasons consented to receive the Roman lictors into their cities, in such terror were they owing to their own offences, if they must be called their own.
For I should rather say that the people in general acted mistakenly and failed in their duty, but that the actual authors of the mistakes were the real offenders.