Polybius, Histories

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Book 38 - Chapter 11

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<w lemma="%2Ato%5C">Τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29pwlei%2Fas">ἀπωλείας</w> <w lemma="h%29nu%2Fsqh">ἠνύσθη</w> <w lemma="toiw%3D%7Cde%2F">τοιῷδέ</w> <w lemma="tini">τινι</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w>.
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<w lemma="paragenome%2Fnwn">παραγενομένων</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Atege%2Fan">Τεγέαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ase%2Fcton">Σέξτον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w> <w lemma="e%29pispasame%2Fnwn">ἐπισπασαμένων</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmfwnon">σύμφωνον</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="progegono%2Ftwn">προγεγονότων</w> <w lemma="e%29gklhma%2Ftwn">ἐγκλημάτων</w> <w lemma="dikaiodosi%2Fan">δικαιοδοσίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29poxh%2Fn">ἐποχήν</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmywsi">πέμψωσι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="e%29piskeyome%2Fnous">ἐπισκεψομένους</w>,
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<w lemma="sunedreu%2Fsantes">συνεδρεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akrito%2Flaon">Κριτόλαον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrinan">ἔκριναν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="diakli%3Dnai">διακλῖναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fnthsin">ἀπάντησιν</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akrito%2Flaon">Κριτόλαον</w> <w lemma="proa%2Fgein">προάγειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Atege%2Fan">Τεγέαν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnos">προειρημένος</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29phlpiko%2Ftwn">ἀπηλπικότων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ase%2Fcton">Σέξτον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dlqe">ἦλθε</w>,
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<w lemma="genome%2Fnhs">γενομένης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sugkatasta%2Fsews">συγκαταστάσεως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="sugkate%2Fbainen">συγκατέβαινεν</w>, <w lemma="fh%2Fsas">φήσας</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="e%29cousi%2Fan">ἐξουσίαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="oi%29konomei%3Dn">οἰκονομεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fneu">ἄνευ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs:">γνώμης·</w> <w lemma="e%29panoi%2Fsein">ἐπανοίσειν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%3Ds">Ἀχαιοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="su%2Fnodon">σύνοδον</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdei">ἔδει</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="mh%3Dnas">μῆνας</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fc">ἕξ</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="safw%3Ds">σαφῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29pigno%2Fntes">ἐπιγνόντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ase%2Fcton">Σέξτον</w> <w lemma="e%29qelokakou%3Dnta">ἐθελοκακοῦντα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akrito%2Flaon">Κριτόλαον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusxerai%2Fnontes">δυσχεραίνοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29pantwme%2Fnois">ἀπαντωμένοις</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Flusan">ἀπέλυσαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w>, <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29panh%3Dgon">ἐπανῆγον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w>, <w lemma="kategnwko%2Ftes">κατεγνωκότες</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgnoian">ἄγνοιαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mani%2Fan">μανίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akritola%2Fou">Κριτολάου</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akrito%2Flaos">Κριτόλαος</w> <w lemma="xwrisqe%2Fntwn">χωρισθέντων</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuo%2Fmenos">ἐπιπορευόμενος</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dna">χειμῶνα</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29kklhsi%2Fas">ἐκκλησίας</w> <w lemma="sunh%3Dge">συνῆγε</w>, <w lemma="profa%2Fsei">προφάσει</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="xrw%2Fmenos">χρώμενος</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="bou%2Fletai">βούλεται</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="r%28hqe%2Fnta">ῥηθέντα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Atege%2Fa%7C">Τεγέᾳ</w> <w lemma="diasafei%3Dn">διασαφεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>,
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<w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqei%2Fa%7C">ἀληθείᾳ</w> <w lemma="kathgori%2Fan">κατηγορίαν</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dron">χεῖρον</w> <w lemma="e%29kdexo%2Fmenos">ἐκδεχόμενος</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="dusme%2Fneian">δυσμένειαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mi%3Dsos">μῖσος</w> <w lemma="e%29neirga%2Fzeto">ἐνειργάζετο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlois">ὄχλοις</w>.
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxousi">ἄρχουσι</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%29feile%2Ftas">ὀφειλέτας</w> <w lemma="mhde%5C">μηδὲ</w> <w lemma="parade%2Fxesqai">παραδέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29pagome%2Fnous">ἀπαγομένους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="fulakh%5Cn">φυλακὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="xre%2Fa">χρέα</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29ra%2Fnous">ἐράνους</w> <w lemma="e%29pimo%2Fnous">ἐπιμόνους</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="la%2Fbh%7C">λάβῃ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fsin">κρίσιν</w>.
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<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="dhmagwgi%2Fas">δημαγωγίας</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="pisto%5Cn">πιστὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraggello%2Fmenon">παραγγελλόμενον</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Ftoimon">ἕτοιμον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllontos">μέλλοντος</w> <w lemma="a%29dunatou%3Dn">ἀδυνατοῦν</w> <w lemma="pronoei%3Dsqai">προνοεῖσθαι</w>. <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29ta%5C">αὐτὰ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Friti">χάριτι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cstw%2Fnh%7C">ῥᾳστώνῃ</w> <w lemma="deleazo%2Fmenon">δελεαζόμενον</w>.
The end of the catastrophe was brought about in the following way.
When Sextus and the other legates reached <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a> they invited the Lacedaemonians to attend there so that they might act in unison towards the Achaeans, both as regards exacting justice for their offences in the past and as regards the suspension of hostilities, until the Romans should send commissioners to deal with the whole situation.
Critolaus and his party now held a meeting at which it was decided that the others should decline to meet the Romans, but that Critolaus alone should proceed to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a>.
Critolaus arrived at Teges when Sextus and his colleagues had almost given up all hope of his coming, and when they called in the Lacedaemonians to negotiate he refused to make any concessions, saying that he was not empowered to arrange anything without taking the opinion of the people, but that he would refer the matter to the next Assembly which was to meet in six months.
So that Sextus and his colleagues, now recognizing that Critolaus was guilty of wilful obstruction, and indignant at his answer, allowed the Lacedaemonians to return home and themselves left for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, pronouncing Critolaus to have acted in a wrong-headed way and like a madman.
After their departure Critolaus visited the different cities during the winter and called meetings, on the pretext that he wished to inform the people of the language he had used to the Lacedaemonians and the Roman legates at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tegea&groupId=1011&placeId=1780">Tegea</a>,
but in reality for the purpose of accusing the Romans and giving the worst sense to all that they had said,
by which means he inspired the populace with hostility and hatred.
At the same time he advised the magistrates not to exact payment from debtors or to admit into the prisons those arrested for debt, and also to make the enforced contributions permanent; until the war was decided.
As a result of such appeals to the rabble everything he said was accepted as true, and the people were ready to do anything he ordered, incapable as they were of taking thought for the future, and enticed by the bait of present favour and ease.