<head lang="la">II. Res Graeciae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="katepole%2Fmhsan">κατεπολέμησαν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ayeudofi%2Flippon">Ψευδοφίλιππον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pantoi%3Doi">παντοῖοι</w> <w lemma="diefe%2Fronto">διεφέροντο</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgoi">λόγοι</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ayeudofi%2Flippon">Ψευδοφίλιππον</w>.
<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="a%29mfidocoume%2Fnas">ἀμφιδοξουμένας</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29pofa%2Fseis">ἀποφάσεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dialh%2Fyeis:">διαλήψεις·</w>
<w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="sugkath%2F%7Cnoun">συγκατῄνουν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="fa%2Fskontes">φάσκοντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="froni%2Fmws">φρονίμως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pragmatikw%3Ds">πραγματικῶς</w> <w lemma="bouleu%2Fsasqai">βουλεύσασθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas:">δυναστείας·</w>
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikrema%2Fmenon">ἐπικρεμάμενον</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29mfisbhthkui%3Dan">ἠμφισβητηκυῖαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fas">ἡγεμονίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="duname%2Fnhn">δυναμένην</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbhth%3Dsai">ἀμφισβητῆσαι</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w>, <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29panelome%2Fnous">ἐπανελομένους</w> <w lemma="bebaiw%3Dsai">βεβαιῶσαι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fra%7C">σφετέρᾳ</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdi">πατρίδι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="nou%3Dn">νοῦν</w> <w lemma="e%29xo%2Fntwn">ἐχόντων</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="makra%5Cn">μακρὰν</w> <w lemma="blepo%2Fntwn">βλεπόντων</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fenioi">Ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="a%29nte%2Flegon">ἀντέλεγον</w>, <w lemma="fa%2Fskontes">φάσκοντες</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontas">ἔχοντας</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="katekth%3Dsqai">κατεκτῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fan">ἡγεμονίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="mikro%5Cn">μικρὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="e%29ktre%2Fpesqai">ἐκτρέπεσθαι</w> <w lemma="filarxi%2Fan">φιλαρχίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bradu%2Fteron">βραδύτερον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="o%28rma%3Dn">ὁρμᾶν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%2Fcein">ἥξειν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%29to%5C">ταὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="profainome%2Fnwn">προφαινομένων</w>.
<w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="pepolemhke%2Fnai">πεπολεμηκέναι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="krath%3Dsai">κρατῆσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugxwrh%3Dsai">συγχωρῆσαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntitacame%2Fnous">ἀντιταξαμένους</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="pei%2Fqesqai">πείθεσθαι</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraggello%2Fmenon:">παραγγελλόμενον·</w>
<w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prooi%2Fmion">προοίμιον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29kteqei%3Dsqai">ἐκτεθεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsews">προαιρέσεως</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Aperse%2Fa">Περσέα</w>, <w lemma="basta%2Fsantas">βαστάσαντας</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="r%28izw%3Dn">ῥιζῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fan">βασιλείαν</w>, <w lemma="teteleiwke%2Fnai">τετελειωκέναι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="dialh%2Fyews:">διαλήψεως·</w>
<w lemma="mhdeno%5Cs">μηδενὸς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29nhke%2Fstou">ἀνηκέστου</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftos">γεγονότος</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w>, <w lemma="a%29nhke%2Fstws">ἀνηκέστως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bare%2Fws">βαρέως</w> <w lemma="bebouleu%3Dsqai">βεβουλεῦσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>, <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nadexome%2Fnwn">ἀναδεχομένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pomeno%2Fntwn">ὑπομενόντων</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsein">ποιήσειν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prostatto%2Fmenon">προσταττόμενον</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Feteroi">Ἕτεροι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="politiko%5Cn">πολιτικὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+ko%5Cn">Ῥωμαϊκὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnos">ἔθνος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fdion">ἴδιον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="semnu%2Fnesqai">σεμνύνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmous">πολέμους</w> <w lemma="a%28plw%3Ds">ἁπλῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gennai%2Fws">γενναίως</w> <w lemma="polemei%3Dn">πολεμεῖν</w>, <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="nukterinai%3Ds">νυκτεριναῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29piqe%2Fsesi">ἐπιθέσεσι</w> <w lemma="xrwme%2Fnous">χρωμένους</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fdrais">ἐνέδραις</w>, <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fths">ἀπάτης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="do%2Flou">δόλου</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="a%29podokima%2Fzontas">ἀποδοκιμάζοντας</w>, <w lemma="mo%2Fnous">μόνους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="prodh%2Flou">προδήλου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fswpon">πρόσωπον</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnous">κινδύνους</w> <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnontas">ὑπολαμβάνοντας</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkein">καθήκειν</w>.
<w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fths">ἀπάτης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="do%2Flou">δόλου</w> <w lemma="kexeirike%2Fnai">κεχειρικέναι</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="braxu%5C">βραχὺ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="protei%2Fnontas">προτείνοντας</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pikruptome%2Fnous">ἐπικρυπτομένους</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="parei%2Flanto">παρείλαντο</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w>.
<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="monarxikh%3Ds">μοναρχικῆς</w> <w lemma="pragmatopoii%2Fas">πραγματοποιίας</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%3Don">οἰκεῖον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="politikh%3Ds">πολιτικῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+kh%3Ds">Ῥωμαϊκῆς</w> <w lemma="ai%28re%2Fsews">αἱρέσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proseoiko%5Cs">προσεοικὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29sebh%2Fmati">ἀσεβήματι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraspondh%2Fmati">παρασπονδήματι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="o%29rqo%5Cn">ὀρθὸν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>. <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ntile%2Fgontes">ἀντιλέγοντες</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="pri%5Cn">πρὶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dnai">δοῦναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitroph%5Cn">ἐπιτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29xei%2Frizon">ἐχείριζον</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="braxu%5C">βραχὺ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="protei%2Fnontes">προτείνοντες</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paragumnou%3Dntes">παραγυμνοῦντες</w>, <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29no%2Fxous">ἐνόχους</w>
<w lemma="fai%2Fnesqai">φαίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29gkaloume%2Fnois">ἐγκαλουμένοις</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fntwn">δόντων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitroph%5Cn">ἐπιτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="bouleu%2Fesqai">βουλεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="o%28%2F">ὅ</w>, <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fnoito">φαίνοιτο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftw">οὕτω</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29cousi%2Fan">ἐξουσίαν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fs">ὥς</w> <w lemma="pote">ποτε</w> <w lemma="dokoi%3D">δοκοῖ</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kriqe%5Cn">κριθὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Ftatton">ἐπέταττον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggellon">παρήγγελλον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29ke%2Fti">οὐκέτι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="a%29sebh%2Fmati">ἀσεβήματι</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="paraspondh%2Fmati">παρασπονδήματι</w> <w lemma="mikrou%3D">μικροῦ</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn:">δεῖν·</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29dikh%2Fmati">ἀδικήματι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fpan:">παράπαν·</w>
<w lemma="triw%3Dn">τριῶν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29sw%3Dn">οὐσῶν</w> <w lemma="diaforw%3Dn">διαφορῶν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fgklhma">ἔγκλημα</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsei">φύσει</w> <w lemma="katanta%3Dn">καταντᾶν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ou%29demi%2Fan">οὐδεμίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29mpi%2Fptein">ἐμπίπτειν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn:">Ῥωμαίων·</w>
<w lemma="a%29se%2Fbhma">ἀσέβημα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="qeou%5Cs">θεοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="gonei%3Ds">γονεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="teqnew%3Dtas">τεθνεῶτας</w> <w lemma="a%28marta%2Fnein">ἁμαρτάνειν</w>, <w lemma="paraspo%2Fndhma">παρασπόνδημα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29no%2Frkous">ἐνόρκους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29ggra%2Fptous">ἐγγράπτους</w> <w lemma="o%28mologi%2Fas">ὁμολογίας</w> <w lemma="pratto%2Fmenon">πραττόμενον</w>, <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkhma">ἀδίκημα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmous">νόμους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29qismou%5Cs">ἐθισμοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pitelou%2Fmenon:">ἐπιτελούμενον·</w>
<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29no%2Fxous">ἐνόχους</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous:">Ῥωμαίους·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="qeou%5Cs">θεοὺς</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="gonei%3Ds">γονεῖς</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="teqnew%3Dtas">τεθνεῶτας</w> <w lemma="e%29camarta%2Fnein">ἐξαμαρτάνειν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frkous">ὅρκους</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w> <w lemma="parabai%2Fnein">παραβαίνειν</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fon">ἐναντίον</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29gkalei%3Dn">ἐγκαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="parabebh%2Fkasi">παραβεβήκασι</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmous">νόμους</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29qismou%5Cs">ἐθισμοὺς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w> <w lemma="a%29qetei%3Dn:">ἀθετεῖν·</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fntas">λαβόντας</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitroph%5Cn">ἐπιτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28ko%2Fntwn">ἑκόντων</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="bou%2Flointo">βούλοιντο</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="peiqarxou%2Fntwn">πειθαρχούντων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="paraggellome%2Fnois">παραγγελλομένοις</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="prosa%2Fgein">προσάγειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkhn">ἀνάγκην</w>.
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<head>II. Affairs of Greece</head>Both about the Carthaginians when they were crushed by the Romans and about the affair of the pseudo-Philip many divergent accounts were current in Greece, at first on the subject of the conduct of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> and next concerning their treatment of the pseudo-Philip. As regards the former the judgements formed and the opinions held in Greece were far from unanimous. There were some who approved the action of the Romans, saying that they had taken wise and statesmanlike measures in defence of their empire. For to destroy this source of perpetual menace, this city which had constantly disputed the supremacy with them and was still able to dispute it if it had the opportunity and thus to secure the dominion of the own country, was the act of intelligent and far-seeing men. Others took the opposite view, saying that far from maintaining the principles by which they had won their supremacy, they were little by little deserting it for a lust of domination like that of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Athens&groupId=379&placeId=715">Athens</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>, starting indeed later than those states, but sure, as everything indicated, to arrive at the same end. For at first they had made war with every nation until they were victorious and until their adversaries had confessed that they must obey them and execute their orders. But now they had struck the first note of their new policy by their conduct to Perseus, in utterly exterminating the kingdom of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>, and they had now completely revealed it by their decision concerning <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>. For the Carthaginians had been guilty of no immediate offence to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, but the Romans had treated them with irremediable severity, although they had accepted all their conditions and consented to obey all their orders. Others said that the Romans were, generally speaking, a civilized people, and that their peculiar merit on which they prided themselves was that they conducted their wars in a simple and noble manner, employing neither night attacks nor ambushes, disapproving of every kind of deceit and fraud, and considering that nothing but direct and open attacks were legitimate for them. But in the present case, throughout the whole of their proceedings in regard to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>, they had used deceit and fraud, offering certain things one at a time and keeping others secret, until they cut off every hope the city had of help from her allies. This, they said, savoured more of a despot\'s intrigue than of the principles of a civilized state such as <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, and could only be justly described as something very like impiety and treachery. And there were others who differed likewise from these latter critics. For, they said, if before the Carthaginians had committed themselves to the faith of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> the Romans had proceeded in this manner, offering certain things one at a time and gradually disclosing others, they would of course have appeared to be guilty of the charge brought against them. But if, in fact, after the Carthaginians had of their own accord committed themselves to the faith of the Romans and given them liberty to treat them in any way they chose, the Romans, being thus authorized to act as it seemed good to them, gave the orders and imposed the terms on which they had decided, what took place did not bear any resemblance to an act of impiety and scarcely any to an act of treachery; in fact some said it was not even of the nature of an injustice. For every crime must naturally fall under one of these three classes, and what the Romans did belongs to neither of the three. For impiety is sin against the gods, against parents, or against the dead; treachery is the violation of sworn or written agreements; and injustice is what is done contrary to law and custom. Of none of these three were the Romans guilty on the present occasion. Neither did they sin against the gods, against their parents, or against the dead, nor did they violate any sworn agreement or treaty; on the contrary they accused the Carthaginians of doing this. Nor, again, did they break any laws or customs or their personal faith. For having received from a people who consented willingly full authority to act as they wished, when this people refused to obey their orders they finally resorted to force.
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Walbank Commentary