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Book 31 - Chapter 10

1
<head lang="la">B. Olymp. 154, 2. I. Res Italiae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="meri%2Fsai">μερίσαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%2Fous">Πτολεμαίους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fan">βασιλείαν</w> <w lemma="parege%2Fneto">παρεγένετο</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="new%2Fteros">νεώτερος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w>, <w lemma="a%29qetei%3Dn">ἀθετεῖν</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fta">γεγονότα</w> <w lemma="merismo%5Cn">μερισμὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29delfo%2Fn">ἀδελφόν</w>,
2
<w lemma="fa%2Fskwn">φάσκων</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="e%28kw%2Fn">ἑκών</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkhn">ἀνάγκην</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="perilhfqei%5Cs">περιληφθεὶς</w> <w lemma="pepoihke%2Fnai">πεποιηκέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prostatto%2Fmenon">προσταττόμενον</w>.
3
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flei">παρεκάλει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w> <w lemma="meri%2Fsai">μερίσαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aku%2Fpron">Κύπρον</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3D%7C:">αὑτῷ·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="katadeeste%2Fran">καταδεεστέραν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fcein">ἕξειν</w> <w lemma="meri%2Fda">μερίδα</w> <w lemma="ta%29delfou%3D">τἀδελφοῦ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="polu%2F">πολύ</w>.
4
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akanolh%2Fion">Κανολήιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ako%2Finton">Κόιντον</w> <w lemma="a%29pomarturou%2Fntwn">ἀπομαρτυρούντων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ame%2Fnullon">Μένυλλον</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="presbute%2Frou">πρεσβυτέρου</w> <w lemma="paragegono%2Fsi">παραγεγονόσι</w> <w lemma="presbeutai%3Ds">πρεσβευταῖς</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akurh%2Fnhn">Κυρήνην</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="new%2Fteros">νεώτερος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pneu%3Dma">πνεῦμα</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxoi:">ἔχοι·</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fxlwn">ὄχλων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29llotrio%2Fthta">ἀλλοτριότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proskoph%2Fn:">προσκοπήν·</w>
5
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="dedome%2Fnwn">δεδομένων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Akurh%2Fnhn">Κυρήνην</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%29sme%2Fnws">ἀσμένως</w> <w lemma="de%2Fcaito">δέξαιτο</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sfagi%2Fwn">σφαγίων</w> <w lemma="tmhqe%2Fntwn">τμηθέντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="la%2Fboi">λάβοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frkous">ὅρκους</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%29delfou%3D">τἀδελφοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="doi%2Fh">δοίη</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou:">τούτου·</w>
6
<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%2Fou">Πτολεμαίου</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ntile%2Fgontos">ἀντιλέγοντος</w>, <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%28rw%3Dsa">ὁρῶσα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="merismo%5Cn">μερισμὸν</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="gegono%2Fta">γεγονότα</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnh">βουλομένη</w> <w lemma="dielei%3Dn">διελεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fan">βασιλείαν</w> <w lemma="pragmatikw%3Ds">πραγματικῶς</w>, <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fwn">αἰτίων</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnwn">γενομένων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="diaire%2Fsews">διαιρέσεως</w>, <w lemma="sugkate%2Fqeto">συγκατέθετο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="newte%2Frou">νεωτέρου</w> <w lemma="parakaloume%2Fnois">παρακαλουμένοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Frw%7C">σφετέρῳ</w> <w lemma="sumfe%2Fronti">συμφέροντι</w>.
7
<w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="diabouli%2Fwn">διαβουλίων</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flas">πέλας</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoi%2Fas">ἀγνοίας</w> <w lemma="au%29%2Fcousi">αὔξουσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kataskeua%2Fzontai">κατασκευάζονται</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="pragmatikw%3Ds">πραγματικῶς</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="xarizo%2Fmenoi">χαριζόμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dntes">δοκοῦντες</w> <w lemma="eu%29ergetei%3Dn">εὐεργετεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%28marta%2Fnontas">ἁμαρτάνοντας</w>.
8
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqorw%3Dntes">καθορῶντες</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29gu%2Fptw%7C">Αἰγύπτῳ</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas">δυναστείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dedio%2Ftes">δεδιότες</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="pote">ποτε</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxh%7C">τύχῃ</w> <w lemma="prosta%2Ftou">προστάτου</w>, <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="mei%3Dzon">μεῖζον</w> <w lemma="fronh%2Fsh%7C">φρονήσῃ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkontos">καθήκοντος</w>,
9
<w lemma="kate%2Fsthsan">κατέστησαν</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fton">Τίτον</w> <w lemma="%2Atorkoua%3Dton">Τορκουᾶτον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fion">Γνάιον</w> <w lemma="%2Amero%2Flan">Μερόλαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fcontas">κατάξοντας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aku%2Fpron">Κύπρον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Don">Πτολεμαῖον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="teleiw%2Fsontas">τελειώσοντας</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w>.
10
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteilan">ἐξαπέστειλαν</w>, <w lemma="do%2Fntes">δόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29ntola%5Cs">ἐντολὰς</w> <w lemma="dialu%3Dsai">διαλῦσαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29delfou%5Cs">ἀδελφοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kataskeua%2Fsai">κατασκευάσαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="newte%2Frw%7C">νεωτέρῳ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aku%2Fpron">Κύπρον</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w>. —
<head>IV. Affairs of Italy</head><head>The Rival Ptolemies</head>After the two Ptolemies had partitioned the kingdom the younger brother arrived in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, wishing to annul the terms of the partition between himself and his brother,
saying that he had done what he was ordered not of his own free will, but forced to consent by the pressure of circumstances.
He begged the senate to assign <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyprus&groupId=119&placeId=356">Cyprus</a> to him, for even with this addition his share would be much inferior to his brother\'s.
Canuleius and Quintus testified in favour of Menyllus the envoy of the elder brother, saying that the younger brother owed both <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyrene&groupId=521&placeId=985">Cyrene</a> and his life to their own action, so great was the hostility and aversion with which the populace regarded him.
When, therefore, contrary to his expectations and hopes the sovereignty of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyrene&groupId=521&placeId=985">Cyrene</a> had been given to him, he had been only too glad to accept it and had exchanged oaths with his brother as to this over victims solemnly immolated.
All this was denied by the younger Ptolemy, and the senate, seeing that the division had been quite unfair and wishing to make an effective partition of the kingdom due to themselves, accede to the request of the younger brother, which coincided with their own interests.
For many decisions of the Romans are now of this kind: availing themselves of the mistakes of others they effectively increase and build up their own power, at the same time doing a favour and appearing to confer a benefit on the offenders.
So, seeing as they did the size of the Egyptian kingdom, and fearing lest if it once fell into the hands of a ruler capable of protecting it, he might have too high an idea of himself,
they appointed Titus Torquatus and Gnaeus Merula as legates to accompany Ptolemy to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyprus&groupId=119&placeId=356">Cyprus</a> and carry out the purpose of that king and their own.
They dispatched them at once with orders to reconcile the brothers and establish the younger brother in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyprus&groupId=119&placeId=356">Cyprus</a> without war.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
31.10.1 - 31.10.10
<p rend="Plain Text">Ptolemy VIII and an embassy of Ptolemy VI at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a></p> <p rend="Plain Text">This, from de legat gent., is the first surviving excerpt from res Italiae of Ol. 154, 2 = 163/2; see p. 35.</p>
Specifics
31.10.1 - 31.10.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μετὰ τὸ μερίσαι . . . τὴν βασιλείαν</w>:</emph> the restoration of Ptolemy VI with Roman help by May 163 was followed by this division of the kingdom; <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyrene&groupId=521&placeId=985">Cyrene</a> was assigned to Ptolemy VIII (§ 5), and Ptolemy VI kept <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a> (cf. 2. 14 n.). Egyptian records from the time of Ptolemy VI's restoration to his death in 145 are dated without reference to his younger brother (cf. Skeat, 33–34). <milestone unit="page" n="474">[474]</milestone> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Παρεγένετο Πτολεμαῖος ὁ νεώτερος</w>:</emph> probably in autumn 163, since the position of the fragments 10 and 11 in the exc. de legat. gent. suggests that Ptolemy VIII was heard and sent back with T. Torquatus and Cn. Merula (§§ 9–10) before news reached <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> of Cn. Octavius' death in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syria&groupId=995&placeId=502">Syria</a> in 162 (11. 1 n.). Clearly then the other two members of Octavius' embassy had not yet reached <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a> (following their instructions: 2. 14) when Ptolemy VIII left; cf. Otto, 6. Ptolemer, 92 n. 6. For Ptolemy VIII's arrangements in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyprus&groupId=119&placeId=356">Cyprus</a> during his absence see 18. 7. </p>
31.10.2 - 31.10.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατ᾽ ἀνάγκην τῷ καιρῷ περιληφθείς</w>:</emph> how far the first division reflected Roman policy is not clear; but Canuleius and his colleague appear to admit responsibility for the assignment of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyrene&groupId=521&placeId=985">Cyrene</a> to Ptolemy VIII (presumably carrying out senatorial policy) and § 6 confirms this. In that case the words quoted here are a euphemism for a Roman decision. See Bevan, Ptolemaic Dynasty, 291; Badian, 109 n. 3, against Otto, 6. Ptolemer, 92 n. 5. </p>
31.10.4 - 31.10.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Κανολήιον καὶ Κόιντον</w>:</emph> probably L. Canuleius Dives and perhaps Q. Marcius Philippus. The former was praetor in 171 in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a>, where he founded Carteia; he is probably the L. Canuleius who went as envoy to Aetolia in 174 (cf. Mnzer, RE, 'Canuleius (6) and (12)', cols. 1500–1). Q. Marcius Philippus (if this is he) was the son of the famous consul of 169; he had joint command of an advance force in that year (Livy, xliv. 3. 2). These two men had probably accompanied Ptolemy VI back to his kingdom; cf. Livy, ep. 46, 'pulsus regno a minore fratre missis ad eum legatis restitutus est'; cf. Zon. ix. 25. 3; Trog. prol. 34; Porphyry, FGH, 260 F 2 § 7. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Μένυλλον</w>:</emph> of Alabanda, an acquaintance of P., who played a role in Demetrius' escape from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (12. 8). </p>
31.10.6 - 31.10.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸν μερισμὸν * * * γεγονότα τελέως</w>:</emph> an adjective is needed; <w lang="el-GR">ἄτοπον</w> (cf. 11. 8), <w lang="el-GR">ἄλογον, ἄδικον</w> (Reiske), and <w lang="el-GR">ἄνισον</w> (Schweighaeuser) are all possibilities; or, more likely, <w lang="el-GR">ἄκυρον</w>, 'ineffective'. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πραγματικῶς</w>:</emph> 'effectively' or 'by the arts of statecraft' (Strachan-Davidson), depending on how the next phrase is taken; but some Roman advantage is implied. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">αὐτῶν αἰτίων γενομένων τῆς διαιρέσεως</w>:</emph> ambiguous since (a) it is not clear to whom <w lang="el-GR">αὐτῶν</w> refers, (b) <w lang="el-GR">διαιρέσεως</w> may be the division of 163, that about to be made in 162, or the division in general. <w lang="el-GR">αὐτῶν</w> could be 'the Ptolemy brothers', or, more likely, 'the Romans' or 'the Senate'. Otto, 6. Ptolemer, 93 n. 3, sees a reference to the previously mentioned envoys, both the Roman and Ptolemy VI's; but why should Menyllus be involved in the settlement? Almost certainly the Romans will be meant (cf. De Sanctis, iv. 3. 91 n. 29); but that assumption still allows various interpretations. The sense could be: 'wishing to make the division effective, since it was their responsibility', i.e. not just a division 'on paper'; alternatively, with a less <milestone unit="page" n="475">[475]</milestone> colourless sense of <w lang="el-GR">πραγματικῶς</w>, 'wishing to make a division that would be politically advantageous, since it was their responsibility'. However, this implies that <w lang="el-GR">διελεῖν</w> is 'to complete or make operative the division already carried out', which is strained. Perhaps then the coming division is meant, and the phrase <w lang="el-GR">αὐτῶν . . . διαιρέσεως</w> defines <w lang="el-GR">πραγματικῶς</w>: 'wishing to make a division that would be politically effective, inasmuch as they themselves would have made it' or 'wishing to make a division that would be politically advantageous (sc. to themselves), since it was their responsibility'implying that the Romans would tie the recipients of the decision to themselves for the future. The change from the singular <w lang="el-GR">βουλομένη</w> to the plural of the genitive absolute is rather more difficult if the phrase <w lang="el-GR">αύτων . . . διαιρέσεως</w> is virtual oratio obliqua (as it is if these words explain <w lang="el-GR">πραγματικῶς)</w>; and that interpretation might imply that the previous year's division was not the work of the Romans (so Winkler, Aegypten, 42 f.). But these are not decisive objections; and as regards the second, the distinction could be between a settlement in which the Romans had merely played a part (or so it might seem) and a formal decision of the Senate announced in response to an appeal from the brothers. So this interpretation is clearly possible. However, it is perhaps simpler to translate: 'wishing to make a division that would be politically effective, since they were responsible for the division'. The phrase <w lang="el-GR">αὐτων . . . διαιρέσεως</w> explains <w lang="el-GR">βουλομένη</w> (not <w lang="el-GR">πραγματικῶς)</w> and the division is that of the Ptolemaic dominions considered generally so as to include (probably) the act of 163 and the forthcoming revision of 162. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐπί τῷ σφετέρῳ συμφέροντι</w>:</emph> for this emphasis on Roman selfinterest at this time see § 7, 11. 11 (acceptance of Antiochus V), 21. 6 (decisions against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>); it evidently reflects P.'s impressions at the time of these events (cf. Walbank, Polybius, 168–71). </p>
31.10.7 - 31.10.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">πραγματικῶς</w>:</emph> cf. § 6. The word implies political acumen, but is morally neutral. P., to whom it is a word of approbation, here describes Roman policy with cynical objectivity (or detachment?) which reflects his reaction to what he observed during his early years in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. Against the view that he regards Roman policy of this kind as a mark of moral decay (so Susemihl, ii. 111 n. 108; Petzold, Studien, 60 f.) see Walbank, Polybius, 172–3. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">χαριζόμενοι . . . τοὺς ἁμαρτάντας</w>:</emph> in this case Ptolemy VIII. Both by reason of his friendship with Menyllus (§ 4 n.) and following the lead of Scipio Aemilianus (Athen. xii. 549 D–550 A, evidence of Panaetius, whom Athenaeus wrongly calls Poseidonius; Plut. Mor. 201 A; Scullard, Pol. <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> 230 n. 4), P. inclines towards Ptolemy VI in this quarrel (cf. xxxix. 7. 5–6). </p>
31.10.9 - 31.10.9
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Τίτον Τορκουᾶτον καὶ Γνάιον Μερόλαν</w>:</emph> T. Manlius Torquatus was pontifex (Livy, xliii. 11. 13) and praetor (probably) in 170, and <milestone unit="page" n="476">[476]</milestone> consul in 168; he is perhaps a witness to the senatus consultum on the dispute between <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Magnesia&groupId=729&placeId=1336">Magnesia</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Priene&groupId=1093&placeId=1917">Priene</a> contained in a letter of 143 (Syll. 679 b = Sherk, 7 l. 40). For his severity in condemning his own son for maladministration in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>, and again after his son's suicide see Val. Max. v. 8. 3; Cic. fin. i. 24; Livy, ep. 54; Mnzer, RE, 'Manlius (83)', cols. 1209–10. Of the background of Cn. Cornelius Merula nothing is known; see Mnzer, RE, 'Cornelius (269)', col. 1407, and for his embassy of 154, xxxiii. 11. 6. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τελειώσοντας ἅμα τὴν ἐκείνων καὶ τὴν αὑτῶν πρόθεσιν</w>:</emph> 'to carry out at once the kings' intentions and their own'. That must be the meaning, if <w lang="el-GR">ἐκεί?νων</w> is kept, for it must refer to both Ptolemies; and that is difficult unless we follow Strachan-Davidson's hypothesis that P. is quoting the senate's words, which he takes to be hypocritical: 'you are to carry out the intentions of the princes, which we approve and adopt, by assigning <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyprus&groupId=119&placeId=356">Cyprus</a> to the younger.' But this is very strained, for P. has made it clear (§ 6) that the Senate's verdict coincided only with the request of the younger brother. The simplest solution is to adopt Bekker's <w lang="el-GR">ἐκείνου</w>; and though most editors print <w lang="el-GR">ἐκείνων</w>, Schweighaeuser, Paton, and Shuckburgh all translate it as if it were singular, without comment. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> Otto, 6. Ptolemer, 95 ff., sees the reasons for the growth of Roman support for Ptolemy VIII (a) in a resurgence of new imperial ambitions in Ptolemy VI; it was probably at this time, for instance, that he encouraged the Jewish high priest Onias to set up a rival temple in the Heliopolite nome (Ioseph. Ant. Iud. xii. 386 f., xiii. 62 ff., xx. 236), a disturbing event; (b) in the 'testament of Ptolemy VIII' (SEG, ix. 7; xiii. 616), leaving his kingdom of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyrene&groupId=521&placeId=985">Cyrene</a> to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, a much-discussed inscription discovered in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyrene&groupId=521&placeId=985">Cyrene</a> in 1929, which can hardly be the original text of the document, and which Otto believes to have been written in 162/1, secretly communicated to the Senate immediatelythus influencing that body in Ptolemy VIII's favourand eventually made public in 155; it seems far more likely however that the king devised the document after the attempt on his life in 155 (xxxiii. 11. 2; cf. Will, ii. 305). That Menyllus' share in the flight of Demetrius I (12. 8–14. 13) influenced the Senate against his king is unlikely, for it was probably unknown at the time (on this see Winkler, Aegypten, 45 f.). But there were probably different views on the Egyptian question inside the Senate, and we can no longer ascertain what swung opinion. For M. Porcius Cato's support of Ptolemy VI see his later speech against L. Minucius Thermus (Malcovati, ORF <emph rend="superscript">3</emph> , i. M. Porcius Cato, fgg. 177–181). </p>
31.10.10 - 31.10.10
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">χωρὶς πολέμου</w>:</emph> the restriction indicates either a limited commitment or perhaps confidence that the Senate's aims could be achieved by diplomatic means. For the sequel see 17. 1–19. 4. <milestone unit="page" n="477">[477]</milestone> </p>

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