<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="limnw%2Fdeis">λιμνώδεις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w>. <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelw%3Ds">ἐπιμελῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29chtakw%5Cs">ἐξητακὼς</w> <w lemma="tenagw%2Fdeis">τεναγώδεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="stereou%5Cs">στερεοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxontas">ὑπάρχοντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fodon">δίοδον</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="a%29nazeu%2Fcas">ἀναζεύξας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prwtoporei%2Fan">πρωτοπορείαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqhke">ἔθηκε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbuas">Λίβυας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhras">Ἴβηρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xrhsimw%2Fteron">χρησιμώτερον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>, <w lemma="sugkatami%2Fcas">συγκαταμίξας</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29poskeuh%2Fn">ἀποσκευήν</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="eu%29porw%3Dsi">εὐπορῶσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdei%2Fwn:">ἐπιτηδείων·</w>
<w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllon">μέλλον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="a%29fronti%2Fstws">ἀφροντίστως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="panto%5Cs">παντὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="skeuofo%2Frou">σκευοφόρου</w>, <w lemma="logizo%2Fmenos">λογιζόμενος</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fyhtai">ἅψηται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fas">πολεμίας</w>, <w lemma="h%28tthqei%5Cs">ἡττηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="prosdeh%2Fsetai">προσδεήσεται</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fwn">ἀναγκαίων</w>, <w lemma="kratw%3Dn">κρατῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pai%2Fqrwn">ὑπαίθρων</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29porh%2Fsei">ἀπορήσει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdei%2Fwn">ἐπιτηδείων</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fbale">ἐπέβαλε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%2Fs">Κελτούς</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pimelhth%5Cn">ἐπιμελητὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ou%29ragi%2Fas">οὐραγίας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29delfo%5Cn">ἀδελφὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Flipe">ἀπέλιπε</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fgwna">Μάγωνα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="loipw%3Dn">λοιπῶν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w> <w lemma="malaki%2Fas">μαλακίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fugoponi%2Fas">φυγοπονίας</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fn%27">ἵν᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="kakopaqou%3Dntes">κακοπαθοῦντες</w> <w lemma="tre%2Fpwntai">τρέπωνται</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%29pi%2Fsw">τοὐπίσω</w>, <w lemma="kwlu%2Fh%7C">κωλύῃ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosfe%2Frh%7C">προσφέρῃ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dras">χεῖρας</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhres">Ἴβηρες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbues">Λίβυες</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29kerai%2Fwn">ἀκεραίων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28lw%3Dn">ἑλῶν</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenoi">ποιούμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="metri%2Fws">μετρίως</w> <w lemma="kakopaqou%3Dntes">κακοπαθοῦντες</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fnuon">ἤνυον</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fere%2Fkakoi">φερέκακοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fqeis">συνήθεις</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftais">τοιαύταις</w> <w lemma="talaipwri%2Fais">ταλαιπωρίαις</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%5C">Κελτοὶ</w> <w lemma="dusxerw%3Ds">δυσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%29%2Fmprosqen">τοὔμπροσθεν</w> <w lemma="prou%2Fbainon">προύβαινον</w>, <w lemma="tetaragme%2Fnwn">τεταραγμένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diapepathme%2Fnwn">διαπεπατημένων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fqos">βάθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28lw%3Dn">ἑλῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%29pipo%2Fnws">ἐπιπόνως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="talaipw%2Frws">ταλαιπώρως</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Fmenon">ὑπέμενον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kakopa%2Fqeian">κακοπάθειαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fpeiroi">ἄπειροι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w> <w lemma="kakouxi%2Fas">κακουχίας</w>.
<w lemma="e%29kwlu%2Fonto">ἐκωλύοντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29poneu%2Fein">ἀπονεύειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%29pi%2Fsw">τοὐπίσω</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29festw%3Dtas">ἐφεστῶτας</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
<w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="e%29kakopa%2Fqoun">ἐκακοπάθουν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29grupni%2Fan">ἀγρυπνίαν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttaras">τέτταρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fktas">νύκτας</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fdatos">ὕδατος</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenoi">ποιούμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan:">πορείαν·</w> <w lemma="diafero%2Fntws">διαφερόντως</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Fnoun">ἐπόνουν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katefqei%2Fronq%27">κατεφθείρονθ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%2F">Κελτοί</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28pozugi%2Fwn">ὑποζυγίων</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dsta">πλεῖστα</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fptonta">πίπτοντα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="phlou%5Cs">πηλοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29pw%2Fllunto">ἀπώλλυντο</w>, <w lemma="mi%2Fan">μίαν</w> <w lemma="parexo%2Fmena">παρεχόμενα</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pesei%3Dn">πεσεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois:">ἀνθρώποις·</w>
<w lemma="kaqezo%2Fmenoi">καθεζόμενοι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="skeuw%3Dn">σκευῶν</w> <w lemma="swrhdo%5Cn">σωρηδὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="u%28gro%5Cn">ὑγρὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28perei%3Dxon">ὑπερεῖχον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftw%7C">τοιούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="braxu%5C">βραχὺ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nukto%5Cs">νυκτὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29pekoimw%3Dnto">ἀπεκοιμῶντο</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgoi">ὀλίγοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppwn">ἵππων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="o%28pla%5Cs">ὁπλὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fbalon">ἀπέβαλον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fxeian">συνέχειαν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="phlw%3Dn">πηλῶν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fas">πορείας</w>.
<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Flis">μόλις</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="perileifqe%2Fntos">περιλειφθέντος</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fou">θηρίου</w> <w lemma="diesw%2Fqh">διεσώθη</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pollh%3Ds">πολλῆς</w> <w lemma="talaipwri%2Fas">ταλαιπωρίας</w>, <w lemma="u%28peralgh%5Cs">ὑπεραλγὴς</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="baru%2Fthta">βαρύτητα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29penexqei%2Fshs">ἐπενεχθείσης</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmi%2Fas">ὀφθαλμίας</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="e%29sterh%2Fqh">ἐστερήθη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="mia%3Ds">μιᾶς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fyews">ὄψεως</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29pidexome%2Fnou">ἐπιδεχομένου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="katamonh%5Cn">καταμονὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="qerapei%2Fan">θεραπείαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fsews">περιστάσεως</w> <w lemma="a%29du%2Fnaton">ἀδύνατον</w>.
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But Hannibal had made careful inquiries, and having ascertained that the water on the ground would have to pass over was shallow and the bottom solid, broke up his quarters and started, placing in the van the Africans and Spaniards and all the most serviceable portion of his army, intermingling the baggage train with them, so that for the present they might be kept supplied with food. For as regards the future he did not trouble himself about the pack-animals at all, as he calculated that on reaching the enemy's country he would, if defeated, have no need of provisions, and if he gained command of the open country would be in no want of supplies. Behind the troops I mentioned he placed the Celts and in the extreme rear his cavalry, leaving his brother Mago in charge of the rear-guard. This course he took for various reasons, but chiefly owing to the softness and aversion to labour of the Celts, so that if, owing to the hardships they suffered, they tried to turn back Mago could prevent them by falling on them with his cavalry. The Spaniards and Africans for their part, as the marshes were still firm when they marched over them, got across without suffering seriously, being all inured to fatigue and accustomed to such hardships, but the Celts not only progressed with difficulty, the marshes being now cut up and trodden down to some depth, but were much fatigued and distressed by the severity of the task, being quite unused to suffering of the kind. They were prevented, however, from turning back by the cavalry in their rear. All the army, indeed, suffered much, and chiefly from want of sleep, as they had to march through water for three continuous days and nights, but the Celts were much more worn out and lost more men than the rest. Most of the pack-animals fell and perished in the mud, the only service they rendered being that when they fell the men piled the packs on their bodies and lay upon them, being thus out of the water and enabled to snatch a little sleep during the night. Many of the horses also lost their hooves by the continuous march through the mud. Hannibal himself on the sole remaining elephant got across with much difficulty and suffering, being in great pain from a severe attack of ophthalmia, which finally led to the loss of one eye as he had no time to stop and apply any treatment to it, the circumstances rendering that impossible.
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Walbank Commentary