Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 69

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<w lemma="%2Akata%5C">Κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="pracikoph%2Fsas">πραξικοπήσας</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="%2Aklasti%2Fdion">Κλαστίδιον</w>, <w lemma="e%29ndo%2Fntos">ἐνδόντος</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pepisteume%2Fnou">πεπιστευμένου</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>, <w lemma="a%29ndro%5Cs">ἀνδρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Abrentesi%2Fnou">Βρεντεσίνου</w>, <w lemma="kate%2Fsxe">κατέσχε</w>.
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<w lemma="geno%2Fmenos">γενόμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="froura%3Ds">φρουρᾶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="si%2Ftou">σίτου</w> <w lemma="paraqe%2Fsews">παραθέσεως</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%2Fsato">ἐχρήσατο</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paralhfqe%2Fntas">παραληφθέντας</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="a%29blabei%3Ds">ἀβλαβεῖς</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%3D">ἑαυτοῦ</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w>,
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<w lemma="dei%3Dgma">δεῖγμα</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29kfe%2Frein">ἐκφέρειν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsews">προαιρέσεως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="dedio%2Ftas">δεδιότας</w> <w lemma="a%29pelpi%2Fzein">ἀπελπίζειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="swthri%2Fan">σωτηρίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="katalambanome%2Fnous">καταλαμβανομένους</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prodo%2Fthn">προδότην</w> <w lemma="e%29ti%2Fmhse">ἐτίμησε</w> <w lemma="megalei%2Fws">μεγαλείως</w>, <w lemma="e%29kkale%2Fsasqai">ἐκκαλέσασθαι</w> <w lemma="spouda%2Fzwn">σπουδάζων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="tattome%2Fnous">ταττομένους</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Ameta%5C">Μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="sunqewrh%2Fsas">συνθεωρήσας</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="katw%2F%7Ckoun">κατῴκουν</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fdou">Πάδου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Atrebi%2Fa">Τρεβία</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w>, <w lemma="pepoihme%2Fnous">πεποιημένους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fan">φιλίαν</w>, <w lemma="diapempome%2Fnous">διαπεμπομένους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnous">πεπεισμένους</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftw%7C">τοιούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29mfoi%3Dn">ἀμφοῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frcein">ὑπάρξειν</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29caposte%2Fllei">ἐξαποστέλλει</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fous">δισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%5Cs">Κελτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdas">Νομάδας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w>, <w lemma="prosta%2Fcas">προστάξας</w> <w lemma="e%29pidramei%3Dn">ἐπιδραμεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>.
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="praca%2Fntwn">πραξάντων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prostaxqe%5Cn">προσταχθὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pollh%5Cn">πολλὴν</w> <w lemma="peribalome%2Fnwn">περιβαλομένων</w> <w lemma="lei%2Fan">λείαν</w>, <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%5C">Κελτοὶ</w> <w lemma="parh%3Dsan">παρῆσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraka">χάρακα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>, <w lemma="deo%2Fmenoi">δεόμενοι</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frios">Τεβέριος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flai">πάλαι</w> <w lemma="zhtw%3Dn">ζητῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%5Cn">ἀφορμὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Ffasin">πρόφασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w>, <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="a%29kontista%5Cs">ἀκοντιστὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w>.
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<w lemma="spoudh%3D%7C">σπουδῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="prosmica%2Fntwn">προσμιξάντων</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fran">πέραν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Atrebi%2Fa">Τρεβία</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diamaxome%2Fnwn">διαμαχομένων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="lei%2Fas">λείας</w>, <w lemma="e%29tra%2Fphsan">ἐτράπησαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%5C">Κελτοὶ</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fsi">Νομάσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29poxw%2Frhsin">ἀποχώρησιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraka">χάρακα</w>.
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<w lemma="taxu%5C">ταχὺ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunnoh%2Fsantes">συννοήσαντες</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="prokaqh%2Fmenoi">προκαθήμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3Ds">παρεμβολῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29nteu%3Dqen">ἐντεῦθεν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29fedrei%2Fais">ἐφεδρείαις</w> <w lemma="e%29boh%2Fqoun">ἐβοήθουν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="piezome%2Fnois:">πιεζομένοις·</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="trape%2Fntes">τραπέντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Flusin">ἀπόλυσιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="parembolh%2Fn">παρεμβολήν</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frios">Τεβέριος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunorw%3Dn">συνορῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29pafh%3Dke">ἐπαφῆκε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppous">ἵππους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kontista%2Fs">ἀκοντιστάς</w>. <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sumpeso%2Fntos">συμπεσόντος</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="e%29gkli%2Fnantes">ἐγκλίναντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%5C">Κελτοὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w> <w lemma="a%29pexw%2Froun">ἀπεχώρουν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="a%29para%2Fskeuos">ἀπαράσκευος</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnein">κρίνειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fla">ὅλα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fzwn">νομίζων</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fpote">μηδέποτε</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsews">προθέσεως</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%3Ds">ἀφορμῆς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerei%3Ds">ὁλοσχερεῖς</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnous">κινδύνους</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fper">ὅπερ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="fate%2Fon">φατέον</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnos">ἡγεμόνος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgon">ἔργον</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqou%3D">ἀγαθοῦ</w>,
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<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fsxe">ἐπέσχε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fsantas">συνεγγίσαντας</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraki">χάρακι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sth%3Dnai">στῆναι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkase">ἠνάγκασε</w>, <w lemma="diw%2Fkein">διώκειν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumple%2Fkesqai">συμπλέκεσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29kw%2Fluse">ἐκώλυσε</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28phretw%3Dn">ὑπηρετῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="salpigktw%3Dn">σαλπιγκτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nakalou%2Fmenos">ἀνακαλούμενος</w>. <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="braxu%5Cn">βραχὺν</w> <w lemma="e%29pisxo%2Fntes">ἐπισχόντες</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Flusan">ἀνέλυσαν</w>,
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<w lemma="o%29li%2Fgous">ὀλίγους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pobalo%2Fntes">ἀποβαλόντες</w>, <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="diefqarko%2Ftes">διεφθαρκότες</w>.
At about the same time the town of Clastidium was betrayed to Hannibal by a native of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Brundisium&groupId=411&placeId=762">Brundisium</a>, to whom the Romans had entrusted it, the garrison and all the stores of grain falling into his hands. The latter he used for his present needs, but he took the men he had captured with them without doing them any hurt, wishing to make a display of leniency, so that those who were overtaken by adversity would not be terrified and give up hope of their lives being spared by him. He conferred high honours on the traitor, as he was anxious to win over those in positions of authority to the Carthaginian cause.
After this, on observing that some of the Celts who lived between the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Trebia&groupId=1044&placeId=1838">Trebia</a> and the Po had made alliance with himself, but were negotiating with the Romans also, under the idea that thus they would be safe from both, he dispatched two thousand foot and about a thousand Celtic and Numidian horse with orders to raid their country. On his orders being executed and a large amount of booty secured, the Celts at once came into the Roman camp asking for help. Tiberius had long been on the look-out for some ground justifying an active step and now that he had this pretext sent out the greater part of his cavalry and about a thousand javelineers on foot. Making all dispatch they met the enemy beyond the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Trebia&groupId=1044&placeId=1838">Trebia</a> and on their disputing possession of the booty with them the Celts and Numidians gave way and began to retired on their own camp. Those in command of the advanced posts outside the Carthaginian camp soon understood what had happened and sent out a covering force to support the fugitives, upon which the Romans in their turn were put to flight and fell back on their camp. Tiberius on seeing this ordered out all his remaining cavalry and javelineers, and when these had joined the rest, the Celts again gave way and retreated to a position of safety. The Carthaginian general, as he was not at this time prepared for a general battle, and took the view that a decisive engagement should never be undertaken on any chance pretext and without a definite purpose — as we must pronounce to be the part of a good general — made the men in retreat halt and face about when they approached the camp, but he would not allow them to advance and engage the enemy, calling them back by his officers and buglers. The Romans after waiting for a short time retired after losing a few of their own number, but inflicting a larger loss on the Carthaginians.