Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 63

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<w lemma="tes">τες</w> <w lemma="e%29maka%2Frizon">ἐμακάριζον</w>. <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnhn">προκειμένην</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fqesin">διάθεσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29nergasa%2Fmenos">ἐνεργασάμενος</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w> <w lemma="yuxai%3Ds">ψυχαῖς</w>,
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="proelqw%5Cn">προελθὼν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="pareisa%2Fgein">παρεισάγειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ai%29xmalw%2Ftous">αἰχμαλώτους</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fn%27">ἵν᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29llotri%2Fwn">ἀλλοτρίων</w> <w lemma="sumptwma%2Ftwn">συμπτωμάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29nargw%3Ds">ἐναργῶς</w> <w lemma="qeasa%2Fmenoi">θεασάμενοι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%3Dnon">συμβαῖνον</w> <w lemma="be%2Fltion">βέλτιον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fntwn">παρόντων</w> <w lemma="bouleu%2Fwntai">βουλεύωνται</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dna">ἀγῶνα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhn">τύχην</w> <w lemma="sugkekleike%2Fnai">συγκεκλεικέναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsia">παραπλήσια</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="a%29%3Dqla">ἆθλα</w> <w lemma="proteqeike%2Fnai">προτεθεικέναι</w>.
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<w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="nika%3Dn">νικᾶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="qnh%2Fskein">θνήσκειν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqroi%3Ds">ἐχθροῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28poxeiri%2Fous">ὑποχειρίους</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="zw%3Dntas">ζῶντας</w>. <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="nika%3Dn">νικᾶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%3Dqlon">ἆθλον</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppous">ἵππους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sa%2Fgous">σάγους</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="makariwta%2Ftous">μακαριωτάτους</w>, <w lemma="krath%2Fsantas">κρατήσαντας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="eu%29daimoni%2Fas">εὐδαιμονίας</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="maxome%2Fnous">μαχομένους</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="paqei%3Dn">παθεῖν</w>, <w lemma="diagwnizome%2Fnous">διαγωνιζομένους</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29sxa%2Fths">ἐσχάτης</w> <w lemma="a%29napnoh%3Ds">ἀναπνοῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kalli%2Fsths">καλλίστης</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w> <w lemma="metalla%2Fcai">μεταλλάξαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="xeirw%3Dn">χειρῶν</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmw%7C">νόμῳ</w>, <w lemma="mhdeno%5Cs">μηδενὸς</w> <w lemma="kakou%3D">κακοῦ</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fntas">λαβόντας</w> <w lemma="pei%3Dran">πεῖραν</w>,
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<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ttwme%2Fnois">ἡττωμένοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dn">ζῆν</w> <w lemma="e%29piqumi%2Fan">ἐπιθυμίαν</w> <w lemma="u%28pome%2Fnousi">ὑπομένουσι</w> <w lemma="feu%2Fgein">φεύγειν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllon">ἄλλον</w> <w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="e%28lome%2Fnois">ἑλομένοις</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dn">ζῆν</w> <w lemma="panto%5Cs">παντὸς</w> <w lemma="kakou%3D">κακοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fas">ἀτυχίας</w> <w lemma="metasxei%3Dn">μετασχεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29de%2Fna">οὐδένα</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="a%29lo%2Fgiston">ἀλόγιστον</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="nwqro%5Cn">νωθρὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="mnhmoneu%2Fwn">μνημονεύων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fkous">μήκους</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28dou%3D">ὁδοῦ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="dihnusme%2Fnhs">διηνυσμένης</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdwn">πατρίδων</w>, <w lemma="mnhmoneu%2Fwn">μνημονεύων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="ei%29dw%5Cs">εἰδὼς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="mege%2Fqh">μεγέθη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="potamw%3Dn">ποταμῶν</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="diepe%2Frasen">διεπέρασεν</w>, <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fsai">ἐλπίσαι</w> <w lemma="pot%27">ποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="feu%2Fgwn">φεύγων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w> <w lemma="a%29fi%2Fcetai">ἀφίξεται</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="w%29%2F%7Ceto">ᾤετο</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>, <w lemma="a%29pokekomme%2Fnhs">ἀποκεκομμένης</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="dia%2Flhyin">διάληψιν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fnper">ἥνπερ</w> <w lemma="a%29rti%2Fws">ἀρτίως</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29llotri%2Fwn">ἀλλοτρίων</w> <w lemma="sumptwma%2Ftwn">συμπτωμάτων</w>.
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<w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="nikh%2Fsanta">νικήσαντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="teqnew%3Dta">τεθνεῶτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="e%29maka%2Frizon">ἐμακάριζον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="zw%3Dntas">ζῶντας</w> <w lemma="h%29le%2Foun">ἠλέουν</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="w%29%2F%7Ceto">ᾤετο</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="dialamba%2Fnein">διαλαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="i%29e%2Fnai">ἰέναι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dnas">ἀγῶνας</w>, <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="nikh%2Fsontas">νικήσοντας</w>, <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3D%7C">ᾖ</w> <w lemma="dunato%2Fn">δυνατόν</w>, <w lemma="a%29poqanoume%2Fnous">ἀποθανουμένους</w>.
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<w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dn">ζῆν</w> <w lemma="h%28tthme%2Fnous">ἡττημένους</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="h%29ci%2Fou">ἠξίου</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnein">λαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="xrhsame%2Fnwn">χρησαμένων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="logismw%3D%7C">λογισμῷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsei">προθέσει</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="nika%3Dn">νικᾶν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sw%2F%7Czesqai">σῴζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="prodh%2Flws">προδήλως</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="sunecakolouqh%2Fsein">συνεξακολουθήσειν</w>.
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<w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkhn">ἀνάγκην</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fth%7C">τοιαύτῃ</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsei">προθέσει</w> <w lemma="kexrhme%2Fnous">κεχρημένους</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="dieyeu%3Dsqai">διεψεῦσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kratei%3Dn">κρατεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntitacame%2Fnwn">ἀντιταξαμένων</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnh%7C">συμβαίνῃ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fan">ἐναντίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fda">ἐλπίδα</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="feu%2Fgousi">φεύγουσι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fdhlon">πρόδηλον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstois">πλείστοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="swthri%2Fan">σωτηρίαν</w>, <w lemma="parakeime%2Fnhs">παρακειμένης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fas">οἰκείας</w>, <w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29nupo%2Fstatos">ἀνυπόστατος</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnoit%27">γίνοιτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29phlpiko%2Ftwn">ἀπηλπικότων</w> <w lemma="to%2Flma">τόλμα</w>.
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29podexome%2Fnwn">ἀποδεχομένων</w> <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdeigma">παράδειγμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lambano%2Fntwn">λαμβανόντων</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fstasin">παράστασιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%2Fan">οἵαν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="parakalw%3Dn">παρακαλῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29spou%2Fdase">ἐσπούδασε</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29paine%2Fsas">ἐπαινέσας</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="diafh%3Dke">διαφῆκε</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pau%2Frion">ἐπαύριον</w> <w lemma="a%29nazugh%5Cn">ἀναζυγὴν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w>.
When Hannibal had by this means produced the disposition he desired in the minds of his troops, he rose and told them that he had brought the prisoners before them designedly in order that clearly seeing in the person of the others what they might themselves have to suffer, they should thence take better counsel at the present crisis. "Fortune," he said, "has brought you to a like pass, she has shut upon in on a like listed field of combat, and the prizes and prospects she offers you are the same. For either you must conquer, or die, or fall alive into the hands of your foes. For you the prize of victory is not to possess horses and cloaks, but to be the most envied of mankind, masters of all the wealth of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. The prize of death on the battle-field is to depart from life in the heat of the fight, struggling till your last breath for the noblest of objects and without having learnt to know suffering. But what awaits those of you who are vanquished and for the love of life consent to fly, or who preserve their lives by any other means, is to have every evil and every misfortune for their lot. There is not one of you so dull and unreflecting as to hope to reach his home by flight, when he remembers the length of the road he traversed from his native land, the numbers of the enemies that lie between, and the size of the rivers he crossed. I beg you, therefore, cut off as you are entirely from any such hope, to take the same view of your own situation that you have just expressed regarding that of others. For as you all accounted both the victor and the fallen fortunate and pitied the survivors, so now should you think about yourselves and go all of you to battle resolved to conquer if you can, and if this be impossible, to die. And I implore you not to let the hope of living after defeat enter your minds at all. If you reason and purpose as I urge upon you, it is clear that victory and safety will follow; for none ever who either by necessity or choice formed such a resolve have been deceived in their hope of putting their enemies to flight. And when the enemy have the opposite hope, as is now the case with the Romans, most of them being sure of finding safety in flight as their homes are near at hand, it is evident that the courage of those who despair of safety will carry all before it." The object-lesson and the speech were well received by the troops, in whom they produced the enthusiasm and self-confidence that the speaker desired, and after commending them he dismissed them, ordering them to be ready to start at daybreak.