<w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsth">ἀπέστη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w>. <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%3Dnon">συμβαῖνον</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fdion">ἴδιον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parhllagme%2Fnon">παρηλλαγμένον</w>. <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prou+pa%2Frxousan">προϋπάρχουσαν</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fna">χιόνα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diamemenhkui%3Dan">διαμεμενηκυῖαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dnos">χειμῶνος</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftous">ἔτους</w> <w lemma="peptwkui%2Fas">πεπτωκυίας</w>, <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="eu%29dia%2Fkopton">εὐδιάκοπτον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fsfaton">πρόσφατον</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dsan">οὖσαν</w> <w lemma="a%28palh%5Cn">ἁπαλὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fpw">μηδέπω</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fqos">βάθος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w>.
<w lemma="o%28po%2Fte">ὁπότε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="diapath%2Fsantes">διαπατήσαντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28poka%2Ftw">ὑποκάτω</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunesthkui%3Dan">συνεστηκυῖαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pibai%3Den">ἐπιβαῖεν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29ke%2Fti">οὐκέτι</w> <w lemma="die%2Fkopton">διέκοπτον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fpleon">ἐπέπλεον</w> <w lemma="o%29lisqa%2Fnontes">ὀλισθάνοντες</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frois">ἀμφοτέροις</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="posi%2F">ποσί</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="gh%3D%7C">γῇ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29kroph%2Flwn">ἀκροπήλων</w> <w lemma="poreuome%2Fnois">πορευομένοις</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunecakolouqou%3Dn">συνεξακολουθοῦν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="dusxere%2Fsteron">δυσχερέστερον</w> <w lemma="u%28ph%3Drxen">ὑπῆρχεν</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndres">ἄνδρες</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmenoi">δυνάμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ka%2Ftw">κάτω</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fna">χιόνα</w> <w lemma="diako%2Fptein">διακόπτειν</w>, <w lemma="o%28po%2Fte">ὁπότε</w> <w lemma="peso%2Fntes">πεσόντες</w> <w lemma="boulhqei%3Den">βουληθεῖεν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="go%2Fnasin">γόνασιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="xersi%5C">χερσὶ</w> <w lemma="prosecerei%2Fsasqai">προσεξερείσασθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29cana%2Fstasin">ἐξανάστασιν</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fpleon">ἐπέπλεον</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29rei%2Fsmasin">ἐρείσμασιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="kataferw%3Dn">καταφερῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xwri%2Fwn:">χωρίων·</w>
<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28pozu%2Fgia">ὑποζύγια</w> <w lemma="die%2Fkopten">διέκοπτεν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fsoi">πέσοι</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ka%2Ftw">κάτω</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fna">χιόνα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="diana%2Fstasin">διανάστασιν</w>, <w lemma="diako%2Fyanta">διακόψαντα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmene">ἔμενε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="forti%2Fwn">φορτίων</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="katapephgo%2Fta">καταπεπηγότα</w> <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fros">βάρος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ph%3Dgma">πῆγμα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prou+parxou%2Fshs">προϋπαρχούσης</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fnos">χιόνος</w>.
<w lemma="o%28%2Fqen">ὅθεν</w> <w lemma="a%29posta%5Cs">ἀποστὰς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w> <w lemma="e%29stratope%2Fdeuse">ἐστρατοπέδευσε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="r%28a%2Fxin">ῥάχιν</w>, <w lemma="diamhsa%2Fmenos">διαμησάμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fna">χιόνα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="parasth%2Fsas">παραστήσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqh">πλήθη</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="krhmno%5Cn">κρημνὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29cw%7Ckodo%2Fmei">ἐξῳκοδόμει</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pollh%3Ds">πολλῆς</w> <w lemma="talaipwri%2Fas">ταλαιπωρίας</w>.
<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="u%28pozugi%2Fois">ὑποζυγίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppois">ἵπποις</w> <w lemma="i%28kanh%5Cn">ἱκανὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhse">ἐποίησε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Frodon">πάροδον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fra%7C">ἡμέρᾳ</w> <w lemma="mia%3D%7C">μιᾷ</w>. <w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="diagagw%5Cn">διαγαγὼν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katastratopedeu%2Fsas">καταστρατοπεδεύσας</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29kfeu%2Fgontas">ἐκφεύγοντας</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fna">χιόνα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="diafh%3Dke">διαφῆκε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="noma%2Fs">νομάς</w>,
<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdas">Νομάδας</w> <w lemma="a%29na%5C">ἀνὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kodomi%2Fan">οἰκοδομίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Flis">μόλις</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="trisi%5C">τρισὶ</w> <w lemma="kakopaqh%2Fsas">κακοπαθήσας</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fgage">διήγαγε</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fa">θηρία</w>. <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fde">τάδε</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="limou%3D">λιμοῦ</w> <w lemma="diateqei%3Dsqai:">διατεθεῖσθαι·</w>
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpewn">Ἄλπεων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkra">ἄκρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="u%28perbola%5Cs">ὑπερβολὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%2Fkonta">ἀνήκοντα</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fdendra">ἄδενδρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="yila%5C">ψιλὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnt%27">πάντ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29pime%2Fnein">ἐπιμένειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xio%2Fna">χιόνα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qe%2Frous">θέρους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dnos">χειμῶνος</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fshn">μέσην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parw%2Freian">παρώρειαν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29mfoi%3Dn">ἀμφοῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Dn">τοῖν</w> <w lemma="meroi%3Dn">μεροῖν</w> <w lemma="u%28lofo%2Fra">ὑλοφόρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dendrofo%2Fra">δενδροφόρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w> <w lemma="oi%29kh%2Fsim%27">οἰκήσιμ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w>.
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The state of matters was altogether peculiar and unusual. The new snow which had fallen on the top of the old snow remaining since the previous winter, was itself yielding, both owing to its softness, being a fresh fall, and because it was not yet very deep, but when they had trodden through it and set foot on the congealed snow beneath it, they no longer sunk in it, but slid along it with both feet, as happens to those who walk on ground with a coat of mud on it. But what followed on this was even more trying. As for the men, when, unable to pierce the lower layer of snow, they fell and then tried to help themselves to rise by the support of their knees and hands, they slid along still more rapidly on these, the slope being exceedingly steep. But the animals, when they fell, broke through the lower layer of snow in their efforts to rise, and remained there with their packs as if frozen into it, owing to their weight and the congealed condition of this old snow. Giving up this project, then, Hannibal encamped on the ridge, sweeping it clear of snow, and next set the soldiers to work to build up the path along the cliff, a most toilsome task. In one day he had made a passage sufficiently wide for the pack-train and horses; so he at once took these across and encamping on ground free of snow, sent them out to pasture, and then took the Numidians in relays to work at building up the path, so that with great difficulty in three days he managed to get the elephants across, but in a wretched condition from hunger; for the summits of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a> and the parts near the tops of the passes are all quite treeless and bare owing to the snow lying there continuously both winter and summer, but the slopes half-way up on both sides are grassy and wooded and on the whole inhabitable.
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Walbank Commentary