Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 108

1
<w lemma="%2Adio%5C">Διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parakale%2Fsantes">παρακαλέσαντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29mi%2Flion">Αἰμίλιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmw%3Dn">ὀφθαλμῶν</w> <w lemma="qe%2Fntes">θέντες</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fteron">ἑκάτερον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="a%29pobhsome%2Fnwn">ἀποβησομένων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhs">μάχης</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteilan">ἐξαπέστειλαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29nteila%2Fmenoi">ἐντειλάμενοι</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnein">κρίνειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fla">ὅλα</w> <w lemma="gennai%2Fws">γενναίως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w> <w lemma="a%29ci%2Fws">ἀξίως</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parageno%2Fmenoi">παραγενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fsantes">συναθροίσαντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqh">πλήθη</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhn">γνώμην</w> <w lemma="diesa%2Ffhsan">διεσάφησαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Floun">παρεκάλουν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fponta">πρέποντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="parestw%3Dsi">παρεστῶσι</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="au%29topaqei%2Fas">αὐτοπαθείας</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleuki%2Fou">Λευκίου</w> <w lemma="diatiqeme%2Fnou">διατιθεμένου</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w>.
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<w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dsta">πλεῖστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnwn">λεγομένων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fnonta">τείνοντα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="nou%3Dn">νοῦν</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="newsti%5C">νεωστὶ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftwn">γεγονότων</w> <w lemma="sumptwma%2Ftwn:">συμπτωμάτων·</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dde">ὧδε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7Cde%2F">τῇδέ</w> <w lemma="pou">που</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="diatetra%2Ffqai">διατετράφθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosdei%3Dsqai">προσδεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="paraine%2Fsews">παραινέσεως</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%2Fs">πολλούς</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29peira%3Dto">ἐπειρᾶτο</w> <w lemma="sunista%2Fnein">συνιστάνειν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="progegenhme%2Fnais">προγεγενημέναις</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxais">μάχαις</w> <w lemma="e%29lattwma%2Ftwn">ἐλαττωμάτων</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cn">ἓν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="deu%2Fteron">δεύτερον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%28%2Froi">εὕροι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftia">αἴτια</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dton">τοιοῦτον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fbh">ἐξέβη</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29demi%2Fa">οὐδεμία</w> <w lemma="lei%2Fpetai">λείπεται</w> <w lemma="pro%2Ffasis">πρόφασις</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndres">ἄνδρες</w> <w lemma="w%29%3Dsi">ὦσι</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="nika%3Dn">νικᾶν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqrou%2Fs">ἐχθρούς</w>.
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<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnas">ἡγεμόνας</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frous">ἀμφοτέρους</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="sunhgwni%2Fsqai">συνηγωνίσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmesi">δυνάμεσι</w> <w lemma="kexrh%3Dsqai">κεχρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="gegumnasme%2Fnais">γεγυμνασμέναις</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="neosullo%2Fgois">νεοσυλλόγοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29ora%2Ftois">ἀοράτοις</w> <w lemma="panto%5Cs">παντὸς</w> <w lemma="deinou%3D:">δεινοῦ·</w>
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<w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoei%3Dsqai">ἀγνοεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28wrako%2Ftas">ἑωρακότας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntagwnista%5Cs">ἀνταγωνιστὰς</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fttesqai">παρατάττεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugkatabai%2Fnein">συγκαταβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerei%3Ds">ὁλοσχερεῖς</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnous">κινδύνους</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Atrebi%2Fan">Τρεβίαν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="sfale%2Fntes">σφαλέντες</w>, <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="proterai%2Fa%7C">προτεραίᾳ</w> <w lemma="paragenhqe%2Fntes">παραγενηθέντες</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fra%7C">ἡμέρᾳ</w> <w lemma="pareta%2Fcanto:">παρετάξαντο·</w>
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<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhni%2Fan">Τυρρηνίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwnisame%2Fnois">ἀγωνισαμένοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxh%7C">μάχῃ</w> <w lemma="sunidei%3Dn">συνιδεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29cege%2Fneto">ἐξεγένετο</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29e%2Fra">ἀέρα</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenon">γενόμενον</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmptwma">σύμπτωμα</w>.
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<w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxei">ὑπάρχει</w>.
Therefore after exhorting Aemilius and putting before his eyes the magnitude of the results which in either event the battle would bring about, they dispatched him with orders to decide the issue, when the time came, bravely and worthily of his country. On reaching the army he assembled the soldiers and conveyed to them the decision of the Senate, addressing them in a manner befitting the occasion and in words that evidently sprang from his heart. The greater part of his speech was devoted to accounting for the former reverses, for it was particularly the impression created by these that made the men disheartened and in need of encouragement. He attempted therefore to impress upon them, that while not one or two but many causes could be found owing to which the previous battles resulted in defeat, there was at present, if they behaved like men, no reason at all left why they should not be victorious "For then," he said, "the two Consuls never gave battle with their united armies, nor were the forces they disposed of well trained, but raw levies who had never looked danger in the face. But the most important consideration of all is that our troops were then so ignorant of the enemy that one might almost say they ventured on decisive battles with them without ever having set eyes on them. Those who were worsted at the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Trebia&groupId=1044&placeId=1838">Trebia</a> had only arrived from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> the day before,<note place="end" resp="tr" id="note13"><emph rend="bold">Those who were worsted at the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Trebia&groupId=1044&placeId=1838">Trebia</a> had only arrived from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> the day before:</emph>This is not consistent with the statement in .</note>and at daybreak on the following morning went into action, while those who fought in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Etruria&groupId=582&placeId=1089">Etruria</a> not only had not seen their enemies before, but could not even see them in the battle itself owing to the condition of the atmosphere. But now all the circumstances are precisely the opposite of what they were then.